Branches Of Applied Linguistics

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Branches ofapplied linguistics

BRANCHESOF APPLIEDLINGUISTICSAPPLIEDLINGUISTICSTable ofСontentQUESTIONS9/18/20202

Applied linguistics9/18/2020Applied linguistics isa branch of linguisticswhere the primaryconcern is theapplication oflinguistic theories,methods and findingsto the elucidation oflanguage problemswhich have arisen inother areas ofexperience.3

Applied LinguisticsApplied linguistics is the academic field whichconnects knowledge about language to decisionmaking in the real world. Generally speaking, therole of applied linguists is to make insights drawnfrom areas of language study relevant to suchdecision-making. In this sense applied linguisticsmediates between theory and practice.9/18/20204

Applied LinguisticsThe most well-developed branch of appliedlinguistics is the teaching and learning of foreignlanguages, and sometimes the term is used as ifthis were the only field involved. But several otherfields of application have emerged, including thelinguistic analysis of language disorders (clinicallinguistics), the use of language in mother-tongueeducation (educational linguistics), anddevelopments in lexicography, translation andstylistics.9/18/20205

Branches of appliedlinguistics9/18/2020 Cognition Language Policy andPlanning Lexicograghy Translation LanguageAssessment andTesting Second LanguageTeaching Internet linguistics6

Languagedocumentation Languagerevitalization Multilingualism Descriptivelinguistics Corpus Linguistics Computationallinguistics Forensic linguistics Linguisticanthropology79/18/2020

AppliedcognitivelinguisticsApplied cognitive linguistics isconcerned with the acquisitional andpedagogical implications of cognitivelinguistics in second and foreignlanguage teaching/learning. WithinCL, the analysis of the conceptualand experiential basis of linguisticcategories is of primary importance.The formal structures of languageare studied not as if they wereautonomous, but as reflections ofgeneral conceptual organization,categorization principles, processingmechanisms, and experiential andenvironmental influences.8

9/18/2020Languagepolicy andplanningThe term language planning refersto measures taken by officialagencies to influence the use of oneor more languages in a particularspeech community.Four major types of languageplanning are: status planning corpus planning language-in-education planning prestige planning9

9/18/2020Languagepolicy andplanningLanguage planning mayoccur: macro-level (the state) the micro-level(thecommunity10

9/18/2020LexicographyLexicography (from Gk lexikòs –referring to the word and gráphō –write), that is the theory and practiceof compiling dictionaries, is animportant branch of appliedlinguistics. Lexicography has acommon object of study withlexicology, both describe thevocabulary of a language. Thelexicographic school in this countrywhose acknowledged founder isacademician L.V. Shcherba (18801944), proceeds from theassumption that lexicography is ascience, but not an art or techniqueof compiling dictionaries, as manyforeign linguists think it to be.11

aphy9/18/2020Scientific lexicography deals withthe working out of the typology ofdictionaries and dictionaries of newtypes, the working out of the basicprinciples of dictionary compiling,the working out of the principles ofentry setting, whereas lexicographyaims at dictionary compiling properon the basis of theoreticalprinciples worked out by scientificlexicography, so these aspects oflexicography are closely connectedand interrelated, neither of themcould develop successfully withoutthe other.12

TranslationTranslation refers to carrying the meaning of atext from one language to another. Thisprocess involves interpretation of meaning ofthe text and producing the same meaning inanother language. Translation as an activity isactually as old as written language or textitself. Linguistic approach to translationfocuses primarily on the issues of meaning andequivalence (same meaning conveyed by adifferent expression). Linguistics thus tries todiscover ‘what’ the language actually means. Itis then the work of the philosophy oflinguistics to understand ‘how’ the languagemeans. Language has certain features likemeaning, reference, truth, verification, speechacts, logical necessity etc. it is through thesefeature that the linguists try to understand the‘what’ and the ‘how’ of the text.

Language assessmentand testingThe purpose of a language test is todetermine a person’s knowledge and/orability in the language and todiscriminate that person’s ability fromthat of others. Such ability may be ofdifferent kinds, achievement, proficiencyor aptitude. Tests, unlike scales, consistof specified tasks through whichlanguage abilities are elicited. The termlanguage assessment is used in freevariation with language testing althoughit is also used somewhat more widely toinclude for example classroom testing forlearning and institutional examinations." 9/18/202014

Second Language TeachingLanguage acquisition is theprocess by which humansacquire the capacity toperceive and comprehendlanguage (in other words, gainthe ability to be aware oflanguage and to understand it),as well as to produce and usewords and sentences tocommunicate.9/18/202015

Second Language TeachingLanguage acquisition involves structures, rules andrepresentation. The capacity to successfully uselanguage requires one to acquire a range of toolsincluding phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics,and an extensive vocabulary. Language can bevocalized as in speech, or manual as in sign. Humanlanguage capacity is represented in the brain. Eventhough human language capacity is finite, one cansay and understand an infinite number of sentences,which is based on a syntactic principle calledrecursion rɪˈkɜːrʃn .9/18/202016

Recursion rɪˈkɜːrʃn .In linguistics recursion is the ability of alanguage to generate embedded sentences andconstructions The basic phrase can be expandedby recursion. In English, you can attach a phraseto the right, or you can insert it in the middle of asentence.For example:Cat ate a mouse.George guessed that cat ate a mouse.9/18/202017

InternetLinguisticsInternet linguistics is a domain oflinguistics advocated by the Englishlinguist David Crystal. It studiesnew language styles and formsthat have arisen under theinfluence of the Internet and ofother new media, such as ShortMessage Service (SMS) textmessaging.

Since the beginning of humancomputer interaction (HCI)leading to computer-mediatedcommunication(CMC) andInternet-mediatedcommunication (IMC), expertshave acknowledged thatlinguistics has a contributing rolein it, in terms of web interfaceand usability. Studying theemerging language on theInternet can help improveconceptual organization,translation and web usability.Such study aims to benefit bothlinguists and web userscombined.InternetLinguistics9/18/202019

Although English is still the dominantlanguage used on the Internet, otherlanguages are gradually increasing intheir number of users. The GlobalInternet usage page provides someinformation on the number of users ofthe Internet by language, nationalityand geography. This multilingualenvironment continues to increase indiversity as more languagecommunities become connected tothe Internet. The Internet is thus aplatform where minority andendangered languages can seek torevive their language use and/orcreate awareness.InternetLinguistics9/18/202020

Language documentation - comprehensivedescription of the grammar and use practicesof languages of a particular group. Digitalarchives of media such as audio and videorecordings not only help to preserve languagedocumentation, but also allows for globaldissemination through the Internet. Publicityabout endangered languages, such asWebster (2003) has helped to spur aworldwide interest in linguisticdocumentationLanguage documentation9/18/202021

9/18/2020Language revitalization is an attempt to halt or22reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinctone.Some argue for a distinction between language revival(the resurrection of a dead language with no existingnative speakers) and language revitalization (the rescueof a "dying" language). Languages targeted for languagerevitalization include those whose use and prominenceis severely limited. Sometimes various tactics oflanguage revitalization can even be used to try to reviveextinct languages.Languagerevitalization

It is estimated that more than 2000languages have already become extinct.The UN estimates that more than half ofthe languages spoken today have fewerthan 10,000 speakers and that a quarterhave fewer than 1,000 speakers andthat, unless there are some efforts tomaintain them, over the next hundredyears most of these will become extinct.These figures are often cited as reasonswhy language revitalization is necessaryto preserve linguistic diversity.Languagerevitalization9/18/202023

9/18/2020Multilingualism24Multilingualism is the abilityof an individual speaker or acommunity of speakers tocommunicate effectively inthree or more languages.Contrast withmonolingualism, the abilityto use only one language.

A person who can speakmultiple languages isknown as a polyglot or amultilingual.9/18/202025

Discriptivelinguistics9/18/2020Descriptive linguistics is abranch of linguistics thatstudies how languages arestructured. Research isundertaken in a wide variety oflanguages. We also offer agraduate program in Hispaniclinguistics. This long-standingprogram incorporates a broadarea of research and training inthis growing and dynamic field.The rise of descriptivelinguistics is generallyattributed to the work ofFerdinand de Saussure.26

9/18/2020Corpuslinguistics27Corpus linguistics is the studyof language by means ofnaturally occurring languagesamples; analyses are usuallycarried out with specialisedsoftware programmes on acomputer. Corpus linguistics isthus a method to obtain andanalyse data quantitatively andqualitatively rather than atheory of language or even aseparate branch of linguisticson a par with e.g.sociolinguistics or appliedlinguistics

A corpus (plural corpora,German “das Korpus”, not “der”)is a collection of texts used forlinguistic analyses, usuallystored in an electronic databaseso that the data can be accessedeasily by means of a computer.What’s thecorpus?9/18/202028

Computationallinguistics9/18/2020Computational linguistics(компьютерная лингвистика) (CL)is a discipline between linguisticsand computer science which isconcerned with the computationalaspects of the human languagefaculty. It belongs to the cognitivesciences and overlaps with the fieldof artificial intelligence (AI), a branchof computer science aiming atcomputational models of humancognition.29

ComputationallinguisticsComputational linguistics hasapplied and theoreticalcomponents. Applied CLfocusses on the practicaloutcome of modelling humanlanguage use. The methods,techniques, tools andapplications in this area areoften subsumed under theterm language engineering or(human) language technology.9/18/202030

�скаяэкспертиза)31Forensic linguistics is theapplication of linguisticknowledge, methods andinsights to the forensiccontext of law, language,crime investigation, trial,and judicial procedure.

understanding languageof the written lawThreeareasunderstanding languageuse in forensic andjudicial processesthe provision oflinguistic evidence9/18/202032

9/18/2020LinguisticanthropologyLinguistic anthropology - study of33how language influences social life, ofthe role of language in the social livesof individuals and communities.Linguistic anthropology explores howlanguage shapes communication.Language plays a huge role in socialidentity, group membership, andestablishing cultural beliefs andideologies. So, unlike linguists,linguistic anthropologists do not lookat language alone, language is viewedas interdependent with culture andsocial structures.

1) The branch of linguistics that complies dictionaries2) It is the process by which humans acquire the capacity toperceive and comprehend language3) The branch of linguistics which deals with creatingmultipurpose records of language through audio and videorecordings of speaker4) The ability to use more than two languages forcommunication5) The branch of linguistics which is used for solving crimes,evaluation questions of guilt and innocenceQuestions349/18/2020

1)Lexicography2) Language acquisition3) Language documentation4) Multilingualism5) Forensic linguisticsAnswers359/18/2020

g/wiki/Cognitive linguisticshttp://www.coli.unisaarland.de/ hansu/what is chaft/ls /18/202036

e linguisticshttp://www.coli.unisaarland.de/ hansu/what is chaft/ls /18/202037

ParticipantsIskenderova EsmiraLorents Sona111 group

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Corpus linguistics 9/18/2020 27 Corpus linguistics is the study of language by means of naturally occurring language samples; analyses are usually carried out with specialised software programmes on a computer. Corpus linguistics is thus a method to obtain and analyse data quantitatively and qualitatively ra

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