ALL-WEATHER FIELD OPERATING GUIDE N 573

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ALL-WEATHERFIELDOPERATING GUIDENº 573NamePhone NumberTeamTeam leaderLeader PhoneCERT CoordinatorCoordinator PhoneEOCStaging AreaRite in the Rain — A patented, environmentally responsible, all-weatherwriting paper that sheds water and enables you to write anywhere, in anyweather. Using a pencil or all-weather pen, Rite in the Rain ensures thatyour notes survive the rigors of the field, regardless of the conditions.RiteintheRain.com

Table of ContentsCERT Quick Reference Field Operating GuideEquipment ChecklistWater PurificationTriage FlowchartTriage ProceduresUtility ShutoffsFire FightingHazardous MaterialsHAZMAT DOT PlacardsPhysical SearchLeveraging and CribbingArrangement for Cribbing / LeveragingR-1R-2R-3R-4R-5R-6R-7R-8R-9R-10R-11CERT Actions / Size-up in a DisasterPreparing for a DisasterProtective ActionsStructural and Non-structural Mitigation1234Public Health ConsiderationsBloodborne Pathogen Safety ProceduresTriage in a Disaster EnvironmentPatient FlowchartConducting Head-to-Toe AssessmentsComponents of the Respiratory SystemOpening the AirwayHead-Tilt / Chin-Lift MethodControlling BleedingProcedures for Controlling BleedingMethods for Controlling BleedingBurn TreatmentHypothermia Treatment56789-1011121314151617-1819Deciding to Use a Fire ExtinguisherElements Required for FireHazardous MaterialsHazards in Transit20212223Disaster PreparednessDisaster Medical OperationsFire

Search and Rescue OperationsDeciding to Attempt a RescueSearch and Rescue Size-up ChecklistRescue Lifts and Carries242526-31Expedient Flood Training32-35FloodsEarthquakesFires & WildfiresExcessive HeatHurricanesLandslides and Mud FlowsSevere ThunderstormsTornadoesTsunamisVolcanoesWinter StormsNuclear Power PlantPandemic Influenza36373839404142434445464748CERT Team OrganizationCERT OrganizationCERT OperationsOperations Section ChiefCERT MobilizationRescuer SafetyDetermining a Damage SiteDocumentation4950515253545556Team Well-BeingWorking with Survivors’ Trauma5758Terrorism59Contact NumbersCERT Record of Course TrainingCERT Volunteer RecordCERT Exercise Training RecordNOAA & EAS Radio Frequencies6061626364FloodHazardsCERT OrganizationPsychologyCERT and TerrorismPersonal Information

CERT FOGCERT Equipment ChecklistWater (2 canteens or bottlesper team member)Dehydrated foods or MREsWater purification tabletsLeather work glovesNon-latex exam gloves(min. of 10 pair)GogglesN95 masksFlashlight or head lampBatteries/extra bulbsSecondary flashlightCyalume sticks (min. of 4)(12 hr. omni glow)Voltage tick meterNote padsPens/PencilsMarkers: Thin point Thick pointNon-sparking crescent wrenchDuct tapeMasking tape (2")Scissors (EMT shears)Triage tape - All colors of tapeTag Utility knifeFirst Aid Pouch containing: 4"x4" gauze dressings (6) Abdominal pads (4) Triangular Bandages (4) Band-Aids Roller Bandage (2" & 4"bandage or battle dressings) Any personal medicationsthat CERT members mightneed during deploymentPea-less WhistleRite in the Rain Forms BookRite in the Rain F.O.G.Rite in the Rain PenRite in the Rain SafetyAssessment Placards: GREEN “Inspected” YELLOW “Restricted Area” RED “Danger”Before you leave home. Check family and pets to ensure safety Inspect house and property for damage Inspect utilities and secure as needed Call out-of-state contact at Get family disaster supplies Assist immediate neighborsR-1

If you have questions about the quality of the water, purify it beforedrinking. You can heat water to a rolling boil for 1 minute or usecommercial purification tablets or an EPA approved water filtrationunit to purify the water. You can also use household liquid chlorinebleach if it is pure, unscented and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.To purify water with chlorine bleach, use the table below as a guide:Clear WaterWater QuantityBleach Added1 Quart2 Drops1 Gallon8 Drops5 Gallons1/2 TeaspoonNote: If water is cloudy, double the recommended dosageof bleach.After adding bleach, shake or stir the water container and letstand 30 minutes before drinking. Toxic chemicals can alsocontaminate floodwater. Do NOT try to treat or drink floodwater.R-2CERT FOGWater Purification

CERT FOGTriage FlowchartStep 1Check Airway/ breathingIs the person breathing?NoReposition Airway.Now breathing?YesNoCheck breathing rateAfter 2 attempts tag“Dead”Less than 30 perminuteMore than 30 per minuteCheck circulation and control bleeding“I”Treat for shockStep 2Check Circulation and Control BleedingControl Severe BleedingPerform theBlanch TestCheck radial pulsePresentCheck mentalstatusAbsent“I” Treat forbleeding and shockMore than2 secondsLess than2 seconds“I” Treat for shockCheck mentalstatusStep 3Check mental statusFails to follow simple commandsFollows simple commands“I”Treat for shock“D”DelayedFor more information see pages 5-19 in MedicalR-3

CERT FOGTriage Procedures Step 1: Stop, Look, Listen and Think. Before your team starts,stop and size up the situation by looking around and listening.THINK about your safety, capability, and limitations, if you decideto proceed, make a plan about your approach that allmembers understand. Step 2: Conduct voice triage. Begin by calling out, “CommunityEmergency Response Team. If you can walk, come to the sound of myvoice.” Speak loudly and firmly. If there are survivors who areambulatory, tag them “M” and direct them to a designated location.If rescuers need assistance and there are ambulatory survivors, thenthese survivors should be asked to provide assistance. These personsmay also provide useful information about the location of the other victims. Step 3: Start where you stand and follow a systematic route.Start with the closest victims and work outward in a systematic fashion. Step 4: Evaluate each victim and tag them. “I” (immediate), “D”(delayed),“M”(minor), or “DEAD”. Remember to evaluate the walkingwounded. Remember to ASK for permission to treat. Step 5: Treat “I” victims immediately. Initiate airway management,bleeding control and or treatment for shock for “I” victims. Step 6: Document triage results for: Effective deployment of resources. Information on the victims’ locations. A quick record of the number of casualties by degree of severity.The rescuer’s safety is paramount during triage. Wear proper protectiveequipment so as not to endanger your own health.StatusTag InitialCritical, immediate treatment“I”Injured, but delayed treatment“D”Minor or no injuries“M”Dead“Dead”For more information see pages 5-19 in MedicalR-4

CERT FOGUtility Shut-offsElectrical Shut-offsStep 2Step 1Circuit BreakerWater Shut-offwater mainOFFPull-out Cartridge FusesGas Meter and Shut-off ValveHave wrench stored in a specific location where it will beimmediately available or use a team member’s wrench orutility tool.ONLabel forquick identificationUtility Shut-offs: Electrical, Water, GasTurn off utilities ONLY if there are leaks, broken pipes or a strong smell(natural gas or propane). The electrical shut-off procedure shows both a circuit box and a fusebox and shows two steps. Step 1 is to turn off all individual breakers(or pull out individual fuses). Step 2 is to shut off the main circuit(or pull out main fuse). The water shut-off indicates a clockwise turn of the valve to shut offand a counterclockwise turn in order to turn on. The gas meter shut-off diagram indicates the shut-off valve locationon the pipe that comes out of the ground. To turn off the valve, use anon-sparking wrench to turn the valve clockwise one-quarter turnNEVER TURN THE GAS BACK ON; let a professional do it!R-5

Fire TypeExtinguishingAgentExtinguishing MethodOrdinary Solid MaterialsWaterFoamDry chemicalFoamCO2Removes heatRemoves air and heatBreaks chain reactionDry chemicalCO2Breaks chain reactionDry chemicalBreaks chain reactionSpecial agentsUsually removes airChemicalUsually removes airFlammable LiquidsElectrical EquipmentRemoves airRemoves airCombustible MetalsKitchen OilsKP.A.S.S.: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep — Aim at the base of the fire!IF YOU FEEL YOU CANNOT PUT THE FIRE OUT ON YOUR OWN, EXIT THELOCATION AND NOTIFY YOUR TEAM LEADER AND THE EOC IMMEDIATELY!R-6CERT FOGFire FightingFire Types, Extinguishing Agents, and Methods

CERT FOGHazardous MaterialsIdentifying Stored Hazardous MaterialsRed4Blue33YellowWWhiteNational Fire Protection Association 704 DiamondThe NFPA 704 Diamond, is divided into four colored quadrants, eachwith a rating number inside of it, which indicates the degree of riskassociated with the material. Numbers range from 1 to 4.“The higher the number the higher the risk!” The red quadrant describes the material’s flammability, 0-4.The blue quadrant indicates health hazard, 0-4.The yellow quadrant indicates reactivity, 0-4.The white quadrant indicates special precautions.The numbers within the 704 Diamond are for professionalfirefighter use only.CERT members should consider these placards a“stop sign.”The only action CERT members should take when a facility isplacarded with an NFPA 704 Diamond is to call 911 and evacuatepersons who are downwind, as necessary, to an uphill and upwindlocation. Do not enter the building in an attempt to evacuatepersons inside.R-7

Identifying Hazardous Materials in TransitOrangeRedWhiteRed &WhiteBlueRedRed &WhiteYellowYellow &WhiteCERT FOGHazardous MaterialsWhiteBlack &WhiteDOT Warning PlacardsLike the NFPA 704 Diamond, the DOT, UN and NA placards shouldbe a “STOP SIGN” for CERT members!For more information see Fire page 23R-8

CERT FOGPhysical SearchConducting Search OperationsSearch Markings1.Upon entering a search area, make a single slash “ / ” next to the doorand write the agency or group ID at the “9 o’clock” position. Then writethe date and “time in” at the “12 o’clock” position.2. Upon exiting the search area, make another slash to form an “X” (theagency or group ID will be in the left quadrant). Enter the search “timeout” in the top quadrant. Right quadrant: Enter the areas of the structure searched and anyspecific information about hazards. Lower quadrant: Enter information about victims found. “L” repre-sents living, while “D” represents dead. The search marking on thefront of a structure or building should contain the total number ofvictims. Also indicate where victims have been taken.Information to MarkExample Search MarkingDateTime InTime Out2/15/2012In: 1430Out: 1515FL 1-2 searchedStairs to FL-3unsafe2LMoved toCERT-23 Med OpsAreas Searched& HazardsCERT I.D.CERT-23VictimsSystematic Room Search PatternUse a bottom-up/top-down or right wall/left wall method to ensurethat the entire building is searched.R-9

You may encounter situations in which debris needs to be moved to freevictims. In these situations, CERT rescuers should consider leveraging andcribbing to move and stabilize the debris until the rescue is complete. Leveraging is accomplished by wedging a lever under the object thatneeds to be moved, with a stationary object underneath it to act as afulcrum. When the lever is forced down over the fulcrum, the far end ofthe lever will lift the object. A crib is a wooden framework used for support or strengthening. Box cribbing means arranging pairs of wood pieces alternately to form astable rectangle.Step 1Step 2Step 4Step 3Four steps for building box cribbing: Step 1: Position two pieces of wood parallel to each other oneither side of the collapse. Step 2: Place two pieces of wood perpendicularly across thebase pieces. Steps 3 & 4: Add additional layers of wood. Each perpendicularto the previous level.R-10CERT FOGLeveraging and Cribbing

CERT FOGArrangement for Cribbing/Leveraging OperationTeam Organization for Leveraging/Cribbing Operation,showing the victim underneath a collapsed wall and the CERTmembers at the following locations: Group Leader: In front of collapse, positioned so that he orshe can view the entire operation while remaining out of therescuers’ way and being able to provide command to group. Lever Person: At the front edge of the collapsed walland positioned so that he or she can position a fulcrumand lever under the wall. Crib Persons: On either side of the collapsed wall andpositioned to enable the placement of cribbing as thewall is raised with the lever. Medical Care/Victim Removal Person: Next to the CribPerson who is closest to the victim’s head.R-11

Ensure that you and your family are safe.Locate your CERT equipment and keep it with you.Assist immediate neighbors. Conduct a neighborhood survey.Contact your CERT leader. If you cannot reach your CERT leaderreport to your pre-designated CERT staging area. DO NOT START OUT ON YOUR OWN. Document all messages and activities. Keep track of personnel atall times. Do the greatest good for the greatest number!DisasterPreparednessCERT Actions and Size-up in a DisasterSteps to take for sizing up a disaster: Gather facts. What has happened? How many people are involved?What is the current situation? Assess and communicate the damage. Try to determine what hashappened, what is happening now, and how bad things can really get. Consider probabilities. What is likely to happen? What could happenthrough cascading events? Assess your own situation. Are you in immediate danger? Have youbeen trained to handle the situation? Do you have the equipment thatyou need? Establish priorities. Are lives at risk? Can you help?REMEMBER THAT LIFE SAFETY IS THE FIRST PRIORITY! Make decisions. Base your decisions on the answers to Steps 1 through5 and in accordance with the priorities that you established. Develop plans of action. Develop a plan that will help you accomplishyour priorities. Simple plans may be verbal, but more complex plansshould always be written. Take action. Execute your plan, documenting deviations andstatus changes so that you can report the situation accurately tofirst responders. Evaluate progress. At intervals, evaluate your progress inaccomplishing the objectives in the plan of action to determine what isworking and what changes you may have to make to stabilizethe situation.1

Preparing for a DisasterDisasterPreparednessMany preparedness actions are useful in any type of emergencysituation, and some are specific to a particular type of disaster.A critical first step to preparedness is to understand the hazards inyour community and to learn about local alerts and warning systems,evacuation routes and sheltering plans. It is also important to familiarizeyourself with hazards in other areas when you are traveling and mayexperience a type of hazard you are not as familiar with.Regardless of the type of disaster, important elements of disasterpreparedness include: Having the skills to evaluate the situation quickly and to takeeffective action to protect yourself. Having a family disaster plan and practicing the planwith drills. Assembling supplies in multiple locations. Reducing the impact of hazards through mitigation practices. Getting involved by participating in training andvolunteer programs.It is also always important to address specific needs for yourselfand people you know; including any access or functional needs,considerations for pets and service animals and transportation.2

Because many disasters occur with little or no warning, individuals needto have the knowledge and skills to take immediate protective actions inthe first critical moments after a disaster has occurred. While the specificaction to take is based on the disaster type, the amount of warning,whether you are inside, outside or driving, and the amount of trainingyou have, the following list provides a good overview of the protectiveactions you should be familiar with.DisasterPreparednessProtective ActionsAssess the situation. Identify the type of event and whether air or abuilding structure has been compromised.Decide to stay or change locations. In some instances you should staywhere you are (if an event has occurred outside, you may need to stayinside) and in other situations you should change location (if the event isinside, you may need to evacuate the building).Staying or changing location is a critical early decision in disasters.If you are not in immediate danger, you should stay where you are and getmore information before taking your next steps. While you may need tomake the first, immediate decision, it is important that you listen to localauthorities when information is provided. If experts tell you to evacuatefrom your location, LEAVE!Seek clean air and protect breathing passages. Regardless of the typeof disaster, clean air is a critical need. Actions to protect your airwaysand seek clean air may include covering your mouth with a cloth or mask,vacating the building, or sheltering in place by sealing an internal roomwhile the airborne contaminate dissipates.Protect yourself from debris and signal rescuers if trapped. If you becometrapped, protect your airways, bang on an object, or blow a whistle.Yelling should be a last resort.Remove contaminants. If contaminants have been released into thearea or you have made contact with liquid or solid contaminants, it iscritical that you remove the contaminants as quickly as possible. Removecontaminated clothing and wash with soap and water starting at the headand working toward the feet.Practice good hygiene. Clean drinking water and sanitation are importantprotective actions.3

Structural and Non-structural MitigationPrecautions Against Structuraland Non-structural HazardsDisasterPreparednessType ofHazardStructuralSample Precautions Bolt older houses to the foundation. Install trusses or hurricane straps to reinforcethe roof. Strap propane tanks and chimneys. Strap mobile homes to their concrete pads. Raise utilities (above the level of flood risk). Ask a professional to check the foundation, roofconnectors, chimney, etc. Anchor such furniture as bookshelves, hutches, andgrandfather clocks to the wall. Secure appliances and office equipment in placewith industrial-strength Velcro . Install hurricane storm shutters to protect windows. Secure cabinet doors with childproof fasteners. Locate and label shutoffs for gas, electricity, andwater before disasters occur. After a disaster, shutNon-structural off the utilities to prevent fires and other risks.Store a non-sparking shutoff wrench where it willbe immediately available. If you shut off gas,DO NOT turn the gas back on before the area hasbeen inspected by the utility company! Teach all home occupants, including children whoare old enough to handle the responsibility, whenand how to shut off the important utilities. Secure water heaters to the wall to safeguardagainst a ruptured gas line or loose electrical wires.4

Public Health ConsiderationsThe primary public health measures include: Maintaining proper hygiene Maintaining proper sanitation Purifying water (if necessary) Preventing the spread of diseaseMedicalWhen disaster victims are sheltered together for treatment, publichealth becomes a concern. Measures must be taken, both by individualCERT members and CERT operations, to avoid the spread of disease.Maintaining HygieneMaintenance of proper personal hygiene is critical even under makeshiftconditions. Some steps to take to maintain hygiene are to: Wash hands frequently using soap and water and hand sanitizer.Hand washing should be thorough (at least 15-20 seconds ofvigorous rubbing on all surfaces of the hand). Alcohol-based handsanitizers -which don’t require water- are a good alternative to handwashing. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC recommendsproducts that are at least 60% alcohol. To use an alcohol-basedhand sanitizer, apply about 1/2 teaspoon of the product to the palmof your hand. Rub your hands together, covering all surfaces, untilhands are dry. Wear non-latex exam gloves at all times. Change or disinfectgloves after examining and/or treating each patient. Under fieldconditions, individuals can use rubber gloves that are sterilizedbetween treating victims using bleach and water(1 part bleach to 10 part

ALL-WEATHER FIELD OPERATING GUIDE Nº 573. Table of Contents CERT Quick Reference Field Operating Guide Equipment Checklist R-1 Water Purification R-2 Triage Flowchart R-3 Triage Procedures R-4 . Hazards in Transit 23. Search and Rescue Operations Deciding to Attempt a Rescue 24

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