28.1 Overview Of Plants Plants Chapter 28-31

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28.1 Overview of PlantsChapter 28-31PlantsAccelerated Biology2011-2012Aligned to “Plant Kingdom Study Guide”1. What three adaptations allowed plants to live on land?– Ability to prevent water loss– Cuticle – waxy protective covering– Ability to reproduce in the absence of water– Spores and seeds– Ability to absorb water and transport nutrients– Vascular tissue – internal system of connectedtubes and vessels2. What are two advantages to life on land for a plant?– More exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis– Increased carbon dioxide levels– Greater supply of inorganic nutrients28.1 Overview of Plants28.1 Overview of Plants3. What is the difference between a spore anda seed?4. What purpose does vascular tissue serve for aplant?– Spore – haploid reproductive cell surrounded bya hard outer wall– Seed – embryo surrounded by a protective coat;also usually contains endosperm (nourishmentfor developing plants)–Transports water and dissolved substances fromone part of a plant to another; allows plants to growtaller!5. Name and describe the function of the twotypes of vascular tissue found in vascularplants.––Xylem – carries water and inorganic nutrients fromroots to stems and leavesPhloem – carries organic compounds (fromphotosynthesis) from the leaves to the roots andstems

28.1 Overview of Plants6. Plants are divided into two main groups: DivisionBryophyta, or the nonvascular plants which do nothave xylem and phloem (vascular tissues) anddivision Tracheophyta, or the vascular plants,which do have xylem and phloem (vascular tissue).7. Vascular plants are further divided into the twogroups of seeded and seedless vascular plants.28.2 Non-Vascular Plants Bryophytes9. Give three examples of nonvascular plants:– Moss– Liverworts– Hornworts8. Plants with seeds arefurther divided into thetwo groups ofgymnosperms andangiosperms.28.3 Vascular Plants Tracheophytes28.3 Vascular Plants10.Classify each of the following as seedless orseed plants.11. Complete the following table that comparesmonocots and –Horsetails - SEEDLESSGingkos - SEEDEDPine tree - SEEDEDFern - SEEDLESSClub moss - SEEDLESSCedar - SEEDED# of cotyledonsOneTwoPattern of LeafVenationParallelNetFlower PartsMultiples of threeExampleLily, tulip, bamboo,grassMultiples of four orfiveBean, rose,carnation, cactusWhat is a cotyledon? Seed leaves in a plant embryo

29.1 Plant Cells and Tissues12.What are the three basictypes of plant cells?– Parenchyma – used forphotosynthesis– Loosely packed– Storage of water and nutrients– Collenchyma – used for support(in growing regions)– Thicker and uneven– Schlerenchyma – used forsupport (in non-growing regions)– Thick and even29.1 Plant Cells and Tissues29.2 Roots13. What are the three typesof plant tissue systems andwhat are their functions?– Dermal - outside coveringof the plant– Absorption,protection, gasexchange– Ground – storage,metabolism and support– Vascular – transport andsupport; makes up xylemand phloem!!14. What are the three organs that vascular plantspossess?– Roots, stems and leaves15. The first root to grow out of a seed is called aprimary root,which can grown into ataproot or can develop afibrous root system wherenumerous roots branchoff of it.

29.2 Roots16. What are the three functions of roots?– Anchor plant to soil– Absorb and transport water and mineralnutrients– Store water and organic compounds29.4 Leaves29.3 Stems17. Movement ofcarbohydratesin a plant iscalledtranslocation –transport offood from leafto the rest ofthe plant.18. Loss of waterfrom the plantis calledtranspiration.29.4 Leaves19. What are leaves specialized to do?CuticleUpper EpidermisPalisade mesophyll –– Capture sunlight for photosynthesis andexchange gasesTightly packed columnshaped cells(photosynthesis)SpongymesophyllVascular bundle (vein)– xylem and phloemvesselsLower EpidermisGuard cells –Open and closeStomata - Gas exchange andstomataregulation of water loss

30.2 Sexual Reproduction inFlowering PlantsPARTFUNCTIONSepalLeaflike structure that encloses the flower budPetalsColored leaf of flowerStamensMale part of flower (anther filament)AntherProduces pollenFilamentSupports the antherPistilFemale part of flower (stigma style ovary)StigmaSticky top where pollen grains are depositedStyleMiddle portion of amentovaryFEMALE21. In which region of the leaf does the majority ofphotosynthesis occur?– Palisade mesophyll22. What are stomata?– Openings in the leaf that allow for gas exchange andregulate water loss23. What regulates when stomata open and close?– Guard cells (lower epidermis)24. What time of day are stomata usually open? Closed?– Open during the day– Closed at night– Stomata can also close during the day if water islimited30.2 Sexual Reproduction inFlowering PlantsMALE29.4 Leavessepalreceptacle30.2 Sexual Reproduction inFlowering Plants27. After fertilization, what does the ovule become? ZygoteWhat does the ripened ovary become? Fruit28. What is the difference between self and crosspollination?– Self – involves one flower, flowers are on the sameplant or flowers from two genetically identical plants– Cross – involves two genetically different flowers29. What is the difference between pollination andfertilization?– Pollination – pollen is transferred from anther to stigma– Fertilization – union of haploid gametes

30.3 Dispersal and Propogation30.What is germination? What causes a seedto germinate?– Germination – when the embryo begins to growinto a young plant; development of a seed into aseedling– Caused by Æ water, oxygen, temperature31.2 Plant MovementsStimulusTropismTouchThigmotropism (vineswrapping tendrils aroundobject for alsChemotropism31.1 Plant HormonesHormoneFunctionsEthylenePromotes fruit ripeningAuxinsPromote cell, shoot and budgrowthCytokininsPromote cell division (cytokinesis)Abscisic acid (ABA)Promotes dormancy and blocksgrowthGibberellins (GA)Promote cell elongation andgermination

seedless vascular plants. 8. Plants with seeds are further divided into the two groups of gymnosperms and angiosperms. 28.2 Non-Vascular Plants Bryophytes 9. Give three examples of nonvascular plants: – Moss – Liverworts – Hornworts 28.3 Vascular Plants Tracheophytes 10.Classify each of the following as

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