Broadcast Code Of The PhiliPPines 2007
Kapisanan ng mgaBroadkaster ng pilipinas(association of broadcaster of the philippines)BroadcastCode of thePhilippines2007(as amended 2011)
Kapisanan ng mgaBroadkaster ng pilipinas(association of broadcaster of the philippines)BroadcastCode of thePhilippines2007(as amended 2011)
TABLE OFCONTENTSPreamble . 4Part 1. PROGRAM STANDARDSArt 1.News and Public Affairs . 5Art. 2.Analysis and Commentaries . 10Art. 3.Coverage Involving Children. 11Art. 4.Personal Attacks. 12Art. 5.Correcting Mistakes . 13Art. 6.Crime and Crisis Situations . 13Art. 7.Individual Rights. 16Art. 8.Political Propaganda . 17Art. 9.Public Complaints and Grievances . 18Art. 10. Personal Calls or Messages . 19Art. 11. Children’s Program and Welfare . 20Art. 12. Religion. 22Art. 13. Superstition and the Occult . 22Art. 14. Medical, Legal and Other Professional Advice . 23Art. 15. Music. 23Art. 16. Fund Raising . 24Art. 17. Contests, Public Participation Programs & Promotion. 25Art. 18. Gambling and Betting. 26Art. 19. National Development . 27Art. 20. Culture and Tradition . 28Art. 21. Respect for Law and Order . 28
Broadcast Codeof the Philippines 2007Art. 22. Discrimination. 29Art. 23. Mentally and Physically Challenged Persons . 29Art. 24. Crime and Violence. 29Art. 25. Sex, Obscenity and Pornography . 30Art. 26. Liquor, Cigarettes, and Dangerous Drugs . 30Art. 27. On-Air Language. 30Art. 28. On-Air Decorum . 31Art. 29. Qualification of On-Air/Program Persons . 31Art. 30. Accreditation. 32Art. 31. Bribery. 32Art. 32. Blocktimers . 33Art. 33. Universal Ethical Standards. 33Part II. IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS . 33Part III. PENALTIES . 34ANG BRODKASTER . 394
(as amended 2011)PREAMBLEWE BELIEVETHATbroadcasting in the Philippines should reflect the hopesand dreams of a freedom loving people;THATbroadcasting is a powerful medium in shaping ourcountry’s cultural, social and economic growth anddevelopment;THATbroadcasting, because of its immediate and lasting impacton the public, demands of its practitioners a high sense ofresponsibility, morality, fairness and honesty at all times.THATbroadcasting has an obligation to uphold the propertiesand customs of civilized society, maintain the respect of therights and sensitivities of all people, preserve the honor andthe sanctity of the family and home, protect the sacrednessof individual dignity, and promote national unity.PART I.PROGRAM STANDARDSArticle 1.NEWS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRSSec. 1. OBJECTIVENews and public affairs programs shall aim primarily toinform the public on important current events and issuesrather than merely to entertain. (A)1Sec. 2. NEWS SCHEDULENews shall be part of a station’s daily programming. Noless than 30 minutes of daily programming should bedevoted to news. (S)The letter at the end of each provision indicates the class of penalties to be imposed for violations asspelled out in Part III.15
Broadcast Codeof the Philippines 2007Sec. 3.FAIRNESS AND OBJECTIVITY3.a.News reports shall be fair, factual, andobjective. (G)3.b.Receiving bribes, gifts, privileges or anyconsideration to favor one side of a story, stop astory from airing , or put any person in either bador favorable light is prohibited. (G)3.c.Side comments expressing personal opinionswhile a news item is being reported or deliveredare prohibited to prevent the listener frommistaking opinion for news. (S)3.d.When presented as part of a news program,editorials or commentaries must be identifiedas such and presented as distinct from newsreports.(S)Sec. 4.6NEWS SOURCES4.a.Care must be taken in selecting news sourcessince the credibility of the news rests upon itssources. (A)4.b.Only news that can be attributed to a source shallbe aired. When a source cannot be identified byname, the reason for this should be made clear inthe news report. (G)4.c.News sources must be clearly identified, exceptwhen confidentiality of the source was acondition for giving the information.(S)4.d.Information provided by confidential sourcesmay be aired only if it is in the public interest todo so. (G)
(as amended 2011)4.e.Before airing information provided by aconfidential source, an effort should first be madeto look for a source who can be identified or whocan corroborate the information provided by theconfidential source. (S)4.f.Press releases may be used as news sources onlyafter the station has verified that they come froman authentic source. (S)4.g.Suspects or fugitives from the law may beinterviewed as news sources. However, theyshould not be aided, abetted, or encouraged whenin the act of planning or committing a crime, orbe accompanied on their way to committing acrime. (S)4.h.Rumors or gossips shall not be aired in the guiseof news. Using terms like “anonymous source”,“confidential source” or “unknown source” shallnot justify the airing of rumors and gossipsespecially in news programs. (G)Sec. 5.UNCONFIRMED REPORTS5.a.Unconfirmed reports shall not be aired unlessthere is an immediate and urgent need for thepublic to know about them, such as when thepublic needs to be warned of the possibilityof an imminent danger. When such reportsare aired, it must be emphasized that they areunconfirmed. (S)5.b.An unconfirmed report must be verified as soonas possible. If an unconfirmed report is foundto be false, an announcement saying so must bemade. (G)7
Broadcast Codeof the Philippines 2007Sec. 6.NEWS INTERVIEWS6.a.Interviews must be presented in the propercontext. Replies of interviewees to questions mustnot be edited or editorialized in a way that woulddistort their intended meaning. (S)6.b.Selecting and phrasing of questions during aninterview shall be the primary responsibilityof the interviewer. Such questions must bedetermined primarily by the public interest to beserved. (A)6.c.When the interviewer is not free to choosehis questions or the interviewee or source hasimposed conditions on the conduct of theinterview, this fact must be made clear to thepublic during the broadcast. (S)Sec. 7.UNCONVENTIONAL NEWS GATHERINGAND REPORTING87a.In the most extreme circumstances, wheninformation being sought is vitally important topublic interest or necessary to prevent profoundharm, the use of hidden cameras or microphonesand other similar techniques of news gatheringand reporting may be resorted to. Before resortingto such techniques, conventional methods mustfirst be exhausted. In all cases, the use of suchtechniques must conform to the law. (G)7b.When material obtained through such techniquesare broadcast, this must be presented fairly,factually and in the proper context. The rightto privacy must be observed and harm to theinnocent avoided. (G)
(as amended 2011)7c.Unconventional techniques and equipment forinformation gathering and reporting shall beallowed only for trained journalists and thosewho are skilled in their use. (G)7d.When materials that have been obtained throughunconventional techniques are received fromthird parties, their broadcast must conform withthe relevant provisions under this section. (G)Sec. 8.NEWS PRODUCTION AIDS AND TECHNIQUES8. a.News production aids should not mislead thepublic. (S)8. b.Archived or file video, photo, and audio materialsshould be properly labeled as such when airedand must not be presented in a manner that maycause the public to mistake them as the broadcastof a live or more recent event. (L)8. c.Subjects of video and voice clips should be clearlyidentified. (L)8. d.The simulation or re-enactment of actualevents must be clearly labeled as such to avoidmisleading the public. (S)8. e.Text crawls shall not be used for advertisingmessages during a newscast except during theclosing credits. (S)Sec. 9.SENSATIONALISM9. a.The presentation of news and commentaries mustalways be in good taste. (A)9. b.Morbid, violent, sensational or alarming detailsnot essential to a factual report are prohibited.(S)9
Broadcast Codeof the Philippines 20079.c.Sec. 10.The presentation of news and commentariesmust not be done in a way that would createunnecessary panic or alarm. (G)STATION EDITORIALS10. a.Station editorials shall be clearly identified as suchand the station assumes responsibility for theviews expressed in them. (L)10. b. Station editorials may be prepared only bypersons who are qualified and expresslyauthorized by the station to do so. (A)Sec. 11.ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE NEWS11. a. Advertisements must be clearly distinguishedfrom the news. (L)11. b. Advertisements in the guise of news areprohibited.(S)Article 2.10ANALYSIS AND COMMENTARIESSec. 1.The airing of public affairs programs andcommentaries is encouraged, particularly togive the public the opportunity to participate indiscussions of current issues, concerns and events.Sec. 2.Public affairs programs and commentaries shallbe handled only by persons who have thoroughknowledge of and practice broadcast ethics. (S)Sec. 3.Public affairs programs shall aim to enlightenthe citizenry on significant issues, concerns andevents. (A)
(as amended 2011)Sec. 4.Public affairs programs shall strive to elicitresponsible views on public issues, concerns andevents from all sectors of society.Sec. 5.Public affairs programs aired on time contracted toother parties (such as blocktimers) shall name whois responsible for producing the programs everytime they are aired. (S)Sec. 6.Opposing or contrasting sides of public issuesshould be fairly presented. (S)Sec. 7.Personal bias or prejudice shall not be allowed todistort the facts. (S)Article 3.COVERAGE INVOLVING CHILDREN(as amended June 15, 2011)Sec. 1.The child’s dignity must be respected at all times.The child should not be demeaned or his/herinnocence be exploited. (G)Sec. 2.The personal circumstance of the child thatwill tend to sensationalize his/her life must beavoided. (G)Sec. 3.There should be a conscious effort to avoidsensationalizing, stereotyping, prejudging orexploiting children with disabilities or childrenbelonging to minority or indigenous groups. (G)Sec. 4.The right to privacy of children must alwaysbe respected. Since undue publicity or wronglabeling can cause harm to them, children whoare victims of abuse or in conflict with the lawshall not be identified, directly or indirectly.Any information that might cause them to beidentified shall not be aired.(G)11
Broadcast Codeof the Philippines 2007Sec. 5.Surprise and unplanned (“ambush”) interviews ofchildren are prohibited. (S)Sec. 6.Child victims, child suspects, children accusedof a crime, children arrested or detained onsuspicion of wrong-doing, and children that areundergoing trial shall be protected from furthersuffering emotional distress ortrauma; they shallbe interviewed only upon the consent of theirparent or legal guardian, unless the parent orguardian is the accused. The interview shall beconducted only with the authority and supervisionof qualified lawyers, psychologists, or socialworkers responsible for their welfare. (S)Sec. 7.Children should not be required, coercedor bribed to recall and narrate traumaticexperiences, demonstrate horrific acts, ordescribe them in graphic details. (S)Sec. 8.Programs and materials involving childrenmust comply with all pertinent laws, rules andregulations.(G)Article 4.1Sec. 1.Personal attacks, that is, attacks on the honesty,integrity, or personal qualities of an identifiedperson, institution or group1, on matters thathave no bearing on the public interest areprohibited. (G)Sec. 2.Programs intended to malign, unfairly criticizeor attack a person, natural or juridical, areprohibited.(G)Adopted them FCC definition.12PERSONAL ATTACKS
(as amended 2011)Sec. 3.Personal attacks against fellow broadcasters areprohibited. (G)Sec. 4.When personal attacks against any person,institution or group are aired, that person,institution or group shall be given a fairopportunity to reply immediately in thesame program, if possible, or at the earliestopportunity. If not, the opportunity to replyshould be given in any other program undersimilar conditions. (G)Article 5.CORRECTING MISTAKESWhen a mistake has been broadcast, it must beacknowledged and rectified as soon as possible bystating the mistake and making the correction. (S)Article 6.CRIME AND CRISIS SITUATIONS(as amended October 20, 2010)Sec. 1.The coverage of crimes in progress or crisissituations, such as hostage-taking or kidnapping,shall consider the safety and security of humanlives above the right of the public to information.If it is necessary in avoiding injury or loss of life,the station should consider delaying its airing.Sec. 2.The coverage of crime and crisis situations shallnot provide vital information, or offer comfortor support to the perpetrator. Due to the dangerposed to human life in such situations, it shall beassumed that the perpetrator has access to thebroadcast of the station.Sec. 3.While the incident is going on, the station shalldesist from showing or reporting the strategies,13
Broadcast Codeof the Philippines 2007plans, and tactics employed by the authorities toresolve the situation—including the positioning offorces, deployment of machine and equipment, orany other information that might jeopardize theiroperations or put lives in danger.14Sec. 4.The station or any of its personnel shall notcommunicate by any means, whether on-air oroff-air, with the perpetrator or victim withoutcoordinating with the officer in charge of thesituation. If the perpetrator or the victim initiatescommunication with the station or the coveragecrew, the officer-in-charge shall be immediatelynotified.Sec. 5.Anchors, reporters, or other station personnelshall not act as negotiators or interfere in any wayin negotiations conducted by the authorities. Ifasked to assist in the negotiations, they shall firstnotify station management and carefully weighhow their participation will affect their journalisticbalance before getting involved.Sec. 6.The station and its personnel are expectedto comply with restrictions imposed by theauthorities in the scene of the incident, such asspace assignments for media; police perimeterlines; the use of television lights; the deployment ofcoverage vans, helicopters, and other vehicles; andthe operation of transmitting and communicationequipment.Sec. 7.The legal injunction to preserve evidence in a crimescene should always be kept in mind. When theincident is resolved, the coverage crew shall followthe lead of the authorities in the preservation ofevidence, taking care not to move, alter, or destroyanything that might be used as evidence.
(as amended 2011)Sec. 8.The station should always be aware of thefollowing provision in their legislative franchise:“The President of the Philippines, in times ofrebellion, public peril, calamity, emergency,disaster, or disturbance of peace and order maytemporarily take over and operate the stations ofthe grantee, temporarily suspend the operation ofany station in the interest of public safety, security,and public welfare, or to authorize the temporaryuse and operation thereof by any department ofthe government upon due compensation to thegrantee for the use of the said stations during theperiod when they shall be so operated.”Sec. 9.When interviewing family members and relatives,friends, or associates of the perpetrator, careshall be taken to avoid provoking the perpetrator,interfering with the negotiations, or hindering thepeaceful resolution of the situation.Sec. 10.The tone and demeanor of the coverage shouldnot aggravate the situation. Anchors and reportersmust always keep in mind that lives are in dangerand could be placed at greater risk by the way theyreport.Sec. 11.A coverage should avoid inflicting undue shock or[and] pain to families and loved ones of victims ofcrimes, crisis situations, or of disasters, accidents,and other tragedies. (S)Sec. 12.Unless there is justification for doing so, theidentity of victims of crimes or crisis situationsin progress or the names of fatalities shall notbe announced until their next of kin have beennotified, the situation resolved or their nameshave been released by the authorities. (S)15
Broadcast Codeof the Philippines 2007Sec. 13.Images that are gruesome, revolting, shocking,obscene, scandalous, or extremely disturbingor offensive, shall not be shown or described ingraphic detail. When such images suddenly occurduring a coverage, the station shall cut them offthe air.Sec. 14.Persons who are taken into custody by authoritiesas victims or for allegedly committing privatecrimes (such as indecency or lasciviousness), shallnot be identified, directly or indirectly -- unlessa formal complaint has already been filed againstthem. They shall not be subjected to undue shameand humiliation, such as showing them in indecentor vulgar acts and poses. (S)Sec. 15.Stations are encouraged to adopt standardoperating procedures (SOP’s) consistent withthis Code to govern the conduct of their newspersonnel during the coverage of crime and crisissituations. (A)Article 7.16INDIVIDUAL RIGHTSSec. 1.The right to privacy of individuals shall berespected. Intrusion into purely private orpersonal matters which have no bearing on thepublic interest is prohibited. (G)Sec. 2.Persons affected by tragedy or grief shall be treatedwith sensitivity, respect and discretion; they shouldbe allowed to suffer their grief in private. (S)Sec. 3.News coverage must not violate nor interferewith an in
6.b. Selecting and phrasing of questions during an interview shall be the primary responsibility of the interviewer. Such questions must be determined primarily by the public interest to be served. (A) 6.c. When the interviewer is not free to choose his questions or the interviewee or source has imposed conditions on the conduct of the
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
