Plant Populations For Corn In Indiana
Issue: 2020.1March 20, newsIn This IssueHemp Production In 2019 Had Its ChallengesPlant Populations For Corn In IndianaOISC Issues Temporary Regulatory Compliance GuidanceIn Response To Issues Resulting From The CurrentCOVID-19 PandemicFirst Purdue Crops Podcast Is Live; Up Next They’ll TalkCOVID-19 And AgPurdue Crop Chat Podcast Episode 2, COVID-19Implications2019 Summary Of U.S. Agricultural Confined SpaceRelated Injuries And Fatalities2020 Popcorn Agri-Chemical HandbookPurdue Extension Field Crop SpecialistsWarm And Wet Winter Will Hopefully Transition To A DryPeriod In Early AprilPlant Populations For Corn In Indiana(Bob Nielsen)Seed corn represents the single most expensive variable inputcost for Indiana corn growers (Langemeier et al., 2019) and sochoosing the most economical seeding rate is important formaximizing that dollar return to seed at harvest time. Choosingthe most economical seeding rate involves balancing the cost ofthe seed corn and the price you expect to receive for theharvested grain when you sell it. Just as importantly, the mosteconomical seeding rate depends on the yield response of corn tofinal PLANT POPULATION.Jim Camberato (jcambera@purdue.edu) and I conducted nearly100 field scale trials around Indiana from 2008 through 2019 todocument the yield response of corn to PLANT POPULATION. Thecomplete summary of that research is available online (Nielsen etal., 2019).Hemp Production In 2019 Had ItsChallengesFigure 1 below comes from that summary and illustrates theaverage yield response of corn to final PLANT POPULATION for 83trials that represent a range of growing conditions that wecharacterize as “normal” for Indiana. In particular, those 83 trialswere not subject to severe drought conditions. Mathematically,maximum corn yield occurred at a final PLANT POPULATION ofabout 32,000 PLANTS per acre.(Marguerite Bolt, mbolt@purdue.edu)Some of these challenges include severely delayed planting ofhemp (and most other crops), labor shortages for some growers,“hot” hemp crops (THC 0.3%), and harvested hemp left inbarns and warehouses while some of the larger hemp processingcompanies filed for bankruptcy. With all these known difficultiesplus COVID-19, you may wonder if we will see any hemp plantedin 2020. The state chemist office has approved around 200licenses and 6,000 acres have been registered. I am confident wewill see some hemp planted, but growers are wary of the currentclimate and some have decided to hold off on planting until 2021.Note how “shallow” or nearly “flat” the yield response curve is forthose 83 trials. That “flatness” reflects how tolerant today’shybrids are to higher populations, much more so than hybridswere 30 years ago. However, also note how tolerant today’shybrids are to lower populations. The tolerance to both low andhigh populations results in the shallow response curve.In these uncertain times, we are trying to adapt and keepeveryone up to date on changes in the hemp industry. Since wehave had to cancel several in-person events, we have movedthem to webinars and are hopeful that we will reach a largeaudience and provide quality content. Most webinars will bearchived and publicly available on purduehemp.org. A list ofupcoming webinars can be found athttps://purduehemp.org/events/The upshot of such a shallow yield response curve is that“squeezing” one more bushel from a field by increasing seedingrate, when the POPULATION is near the optimum to start with,requires more seed than you can afford. In fact, our data suggestthat potential yield at final PLANT POPULATIONS ranging fromabout 28,000 to 35,000 PLANTS per acre at harvest varies by only /- 1 bushel per acre!We have also created a listserv focused on hemp researchupdates and upcoming events. If you would like to sign up for thislistserv please follow the instructions found hereThe dollars and cents upshot of the shallow yield response curveis that the ECONOMICAL OPTIMUM PLANT POPULATION for cornthroughout most of Indiana is amazingly low. Table 1, also from1
per acre.our complete online summary, provides estimates of economicPLANT POPULATIONS for a range of seed corn costs and marketgrain prices.The astute reader will have noticed my use of the capitalized term“PLANT POPULATION”. The reason for that is corn responds theactual plant population in the field, not directly to the seedingrate because percent stand success is rarely 100%. In our ownfield trials, we know that average percent stand is 95%. For otherfolks, that number may be 90% or 98% or 85%.Assuming you know your typical percent stand from past fieldscouting, then you can calculate the seeding rate that targets adesired economic optimum plant population by simply dividingthe target PLANT POPULATION by the percent stand. For example,if you are aiming for a final stand of 30,000 PLANTS per acre andyour average percent stand success is 95%, then the seeding rateto achieve that target would be 30,000 divided by 0.95, whichwould equal a seeding rate of about 31,600 SEEDS per acre.Table 1. Plant populations that maximize marginal return to seed (i.e.,economic optimum plant populations) for combinations of market grain priceper bushel and seed cost per 80,000 seed unit, based on average yieldresponse to population in 83 Indiana trials conducted from 2008-2018 thatrepresented a normal range of growing conditions (not severe stressconditions).The final comment I would make is that optimum PLANTPOPULATION for drought prone fields is obviously lower than forfields with adequate soil moisture. Our data suggests that theoptimum population for droughty fields is 5 to 10,000 fewerPLANTS.OISC Issues Temporary RegulatoryCompliance Guidance In Response ToIssues Resulting From The CurrentCOVID-19 PandemicReference List(Office of Indiana State Chemist)West Lafayette, IN (March 19, 2020) – Office of Indiana StateChemist (OISC) is releasing new temporary guidance regardingcompliance with state pesticide and fertilizer regulatoryrequirements in Indiana, in consideration of the disruptions tonormal operations that are being caused by the COVID-19pandemic.Langemeier, Michael R., Craig L. Dobbins, Bob Nielsen, Tony J.Vyn, Shaun Casteel, and Bill Johnson. November 2019. 2020Purdue Crop Cost & Return Guide. Purdue Extension Publ. -content/uploads/2019/10/id166 2020-november-2019-projections.pdf [URL accessedMar 2020].The following temporary modifications are being implementedimmediately, but may be subject to change, as the COVID-19issues continue to evolve.Nielsen, RL (Bob), Jim Camberato, and Jason Lee. 2019. YieldResponse of Corn to Plant Population in Indiana. Applied CropProduction Research Update, Purdue Univ. Dept. of nPopulations.pdf [URLaccessed Mar 2020].1. All pesticide and fertilizer applicator certification trainingand examining sessions scheduled at Purdue Universitythrough May 17, 2020 have been cancelled.2. Group training and examining sessions at Purdue,scheduled to occur after May 17, 2020, may also besubject to cancellation. However, for now these sessionsare being evaluated on a week-to-week basis, in the eventthat current guidance regarding COVID-19 changes.3. Self-study and individual examination at an Ivy TechExamination Center is still an option to training andexamining at Purdue. However, this option may also soonbe unavailable, as over half of the testing locations havealready shut down operations.4. Pesticide applicators using or supervising the use ofRestricted Use Pesticides (RUPs) during 2020 must becertified and licensed, just as has been requiredpreviously. U.S. EPA has not suspended or modified thislegal requirement, therefore, OISC will not either.5. OISC will suspend the Registered Technician requirementsfor pesticide and fertilizer applicators operating under thesupervision of a certified applicator when using onlyFig. 1. Average grain yield response of corn (relative yield, 0 to 100%) toplant populations at harvest (plants per acre), based on the aggregatedresults of 83 field scale trials conducted across Indiana from 2008 to 2018that represented a normal range of growing conditions (minimal to modeststress). The agronomic optimum population (AOPP) for this group of trialswas 32,150 plants per acre at harvest with an average yield of 195 bushels2
General Use Pesticides (GUPs). The requirement to passthe Core exam and apply for a Registered Techniciancredential will be suspended through December 31, 2020,unless another date is determined to be necessary bylegal counsel.6. All supervision requirements for noncertified applicatorsand registered technicians will remain in place. But newtechnicians will not be required to obtain a credential, aslong as the current situation exists.7. Nothing in this temporary regulatory guidance shallexempt any applicator from complying with all otherexisting requirements, such as using a pesticide in amanner consistent with the product label directions.position where cash flow is extremely tight and so yes, we’relooking for ways to increase yields cheaply, but we’re also inmany cases looking for ways to reduce costs,” Nielsen says.The podcast includes discussion about the importance of selectingthe right hybrids and varieties, and there is plenty of back andforth between the two.“You mention P and K and you’re exactly right,” Nielsen said. “Iftheir P and K soil test levels, assuming they have recent soiltests ”But Casteel interrupts, “What’s recent Bob?”“I’d say 2, 3, maybe 4 years,” Nielsen says. Casteel thinks 4might be pushing it. Nielsen goes on to say “But, if their P and Ksoil test levels are well within the adequate levels, we know fromexperience, we know from data, that applications of P and K atthat point do not increase yield, they simply maintain levels.”WATCH THIS SITE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS. Thank you foryour cooperation during these challenging times. Continuereading article.The first Purdue Crop Chat was recorded at the beginning of thismonth, before Coronavirus and COVID-19 had truly swept thecountry and financial, oil and ag markets. This current situationbrings a whole new set of concerns right to the farm, includingthe availability of seed, fertilizer, and pesticides, and alsoworkers, drivers and services and applicators. The age of manyfarmers is in the at-risk zone for COVID-19, yet another concern.First Purdue Crops Podcast Is Live; UpNext They’ll Talk COVID-19 And Ag(Andy Eubank), (Bob Nielsen) & (Shaun Casteel)Purdue Extension and Hoosier Ag Today have teamed up for anew podcast to provide timely, relevant and credible agronomicinsights to listeners. Purdue Crop Chat features extension cornand soybean specialists Dr. Bob Nielsen and Dr. Shaun Casteelfrom Purdue. The first episode is available now, and Casteelexplains how the recent past is playing a role in the new,upcoming planting season.Episode two is in production now so that both Purdue Extensionspecialists can offer insights. HAT will have that available rop-chat/ thisweek.Purdue Crop Chat Podcast Episode 2,COVID-19 Implications(Andy Eubank)The second Purdue Crop Chat podcast presented by PurdueExtension and Hoosier Ag Today is here to address implications ofCOVID-19 on farming. Purdue extension corn and soybeanspecialists Dr. Bob Nielsen and Dr. Shaun Casteel try to shedsome light on where planting prospects are now, related to theeffects of the pandemic. Nielsen says seed supplies right now areadequate based on conversations he is having.Click here to go to the site for the podcast.2019 Summary Of U.S. AgriculturalConfined Space-Related Injuries AndFatalities“I have to look in the rearview mirror because I go back to 2019,but I also go back to 2018,” he said. “There’s a lot of things thatwe were trying to get accomplished in the harvest of 2018 thatdidn’t and then came over into spring of ’19 and it didn’t getaccomplished. So, a lot of these fields have issues of compactionsfrom two years ago.”(Bill Field)Since the 1970’s Purdue University’s Agricultural and BiologicalEngineering Department has been documenting and investigatingincidents involving grain storage and handling facilities at bothcommercial and on-farm locations. Beginning in 2013, the effortwas expanded, with support from a U.S. Department of LaborSusan Harwood Training Grant, to include incidents involvinggrain transport vehicles (trucks, wagons, railcars); injuriesNielsen added tight financial conditions are contributing to thevarious predicament’s farmers face this year.“We’re trying to recover from last year’s late planting and all theheadaches that brought, but a lot of these folks are also in a3
EntomologyDept. Ext. Web Site: extension.entm.purdue.eduCameron,(765) 494-4554 cameros@purdue. Head, Dept. ofStepheneduEntomologyBledsoe, Larry (765) 494-8324 lbledsoe@purdue. Field Research,eduCAPSHarpur, Brock(765) 496-6769 bharpur@purdue. BeekeepingeduHumberg, Lee (765) 494-8721 lhumgerg@purdu USDA, APHIS,e.eduAnimal DamageKrupke, Christian(765) 494-4912 ckrupke@purdue. Field Crop InsectseduMason, Linda(765) 494-4586 lmason@purdue.e Food Pest Mgmt.du& Stored GrainObermeyer, John (765) 494-4563 obe@purdue.edu Field Crop Insects& IPM SpecialistLuck, Tammy(765) 494-8761 luck@purdue.edu AdministrativeFAX: (765)Assistant494-7197AgronomyDept. Ext. Web Site: ag.purdue.edu/agry/extensionTurco, Ron(765) 494-4774 rturco@purdue.e Head, Dept. ofduAgronomyAckerson, Jason (765)494-5314 jacker@purdue.e Soil ManagementduBrouder, Sylvie (765) 496-1489 sbrouder@purdue Plant Nutrition,.eduSoil Fertility,Water QualityCamberato, Jim (765) 496-9338 jcambera@purdu Soil Fertilitye.eduCasteel, Shaun (765) 494-0895 scasteel@purdue. Soybean andeduSmall GrainsSpecialistGerber, Corey(765) 496-3755 gerberc@purdue. Director,eduDiagnosticTraining CenterHall, Beth(765) 494-8060 bethhall@purdue. Director, IndianaeduState ClimateOfficeJohnson, Keith D. (765) 494-4800 johnsonk@purdu Foragese.eduKladivko, Eileen (765) 494-6372 kladivko@purdue. Soil Physics,eduCover CropsMansfield,(812) 888-4311 cmansfie@purdu Small Grains,Charlese.eduSoybean, Corn(SWIN)Nielsen, Robert L. (765) 494-4802 rnielsen@purdue. Corn, On-farmeduResearch,PrecisionAgriculture (onpartialretirement)Steinhardt, Gary (765) 494-8063 gsteinha@purdue Soil Management,.eduTillage, Land Usejvolenc@purdue. CropVolenec, Jeffrey (765) 496-2926eduEcophysiologyVyn, Tony(765) 496-3757 tvyn@purdue.edu CroppingSystems & TillageHayenga, Lexie (765) 494-4783 lhayenga@purdu ExtensionFAX: (765)e.eduProgram496-2926CoordinatorBotany and Plant PathologyDept. Ext. Web Site: www.ag.purdue.edu/btny/ExtensionStaiger, Chris(765) 494-4615 staiger@purdue.e Head, Dept. ofduBotany & PlantPathologyCreswell, Tom(765) 494-8081 creswell@purdue. Director Plant &eduPest DiagnosticLaboratoryJohnson, Bill(765) 494-4656 wgj@purdue.edu Weed Scienceoccurring inside of confined spaces due to exposure to poweredmechanical components, such as augers; falls from or intoconfined spaces; and other types of agricultural confined spacesincluding forage storage silos, liquid storage tanks, and manurestorage facilities. All documented cases have been reviewed by ateam of experts to ensure elimination of duplicates, assign caseinformation to specific coding categories, and to identify potentialcontributing factors. Data were derived from a wide range ofsources including online searches, news clippings from localsources, work product from civil litigation, published personalaccounts, and death certificates (during early years). The datawere coded using a coding form developed and tested by Riedeland Field (2013). Coded data were entered into the PurdueAgricultural Confined Space Incident Database (PACSID) allowingfor summarization.Click here to read the full report.2020 Popcorn Agri-Chemical Handbook(Genny Bertalmio)The 2020 Popcorn Agri-Chemical Handbook is available to ensureeveryone in the popcorn industry is informed about productsregistered for use on popcorn or in popcorn storage facilities. Thehandbook lists agri-chemicals registered and regulatory status orspecial use restrictions.The handbook provides appendix information on residuetolerances as found in the BCGlobal Pesticide MRLDatabase, which includes popcorn (corn, pop) and denotesestablished levels by the U.S., Codex and over 130 markets.The handbook notes the Mode or Mechanism of Action (MOA)numerical classification of each listed chemical when used on aproduct label. The classification schemes are published by theInsecticide Resistance Action Committee, the HerbicideResistance Action Committee and the Fungicide Resistance ActionCommittee. The handbook also highlights the Signal Word“Danger” when used on a product label as required by the EPA’sLabel Review Manual.The Popcorn Board urges you to provide the above links or printand distribute the updated version of this critical information togrowers. Contact Genny Bertalmio, 1.312.673.4883or gbertalmio@popcorn.org, for further information.The Popcorn Board accepts voluntary contributions to ensurecontinued funding of its efforts to provide this importantinformation to the popcorn industry. Checks should be mailed toThe Popcorn Board, 8333 Solutions Center, Chicago, IL60677-8003.Purdue Extension Field Crop Specialists(Tammy Luck, luck@purdue.edu)4
Botany and Plant PathologyDept. Ext. Web Site: www.ag.purdue.edu/btny/ExtensionRuhl, Gail(765) 494-4641 ruhlg@purdue.ed Plant & PestuDiagnosticLaboratoryTelenko, Darcy (765) 496-5168 dtelenko@purdue Field Crop.eduDiseasesWhitford, Fred(765) 494-4566 fwhitford@purdue Purdue Pesticide.eduProgramsWoloshuk,(765) 494-3450 woloshuk@purdu Mycotoxins inCharlese.eduCornZimmer, Marcelo (765) 496-2121 zimmer6@purdue Weed Science.eduGross, Lisa(765) 494-9871 gross25@purdue. ExtensionFAX: (765)eduAssist./P&PDL Lab494-0363CoordinatorAgricultural & Biological EngineeringDept. Ext. Web Site: engineering.purdue.edu/ABEMosier, Nathan (765) 494-7022 mosiern@purdue. Acting Head,eduDept. of Ag. &Bio. EngineeringField, Bill(765) 494-1191 field@purdue.edu Extension SafetySpecialistFrankenberger, (765) 494-1194 frankenb@purdu GIS and WaterJanee.eduQualityKelley, Lyndon(269) 467-5511 kelleyl@msu.edu IrrigationEducatorIleleji, Klein(765) 494-1198 ileleji@purdue.ed Post HarvestuGrain QualityNi, Jiqin(875) 496-1733 jiqin@purdue.edu ManureManagementWeaver, Carol(765) 494-1174 sikler@purdue.ed ExtensionFAX: (765)uAssistant496-1356Figure 1. Accumulated modified growing degree days (base 50 F) since 2020March 1 through 2020 March 24.Warm And Wet Winter Will HopefullyTransition To A Dry Period In Early April(Beth Hall)Over the past 30 days, southern Indiana has received aboveaverage precipitation which has caused some flooding and wellsaturated fields. Northern Indiana has received near-normalprecipitation, yet there are localized areas of pooled water.Snowfall across the state has been below normal throughout theentire season, mostly due to temperatures staying abovefreezing.Growing degree days (base 50 F) have started to accumulate(Figure 1), which means plants are starting to emerge and greenup. While this green up suggests warmer temperatures ahead,keep in mind that Indiana is still statistically likely to stillexperience at least one more hard frost. The average date of thelast frost with temperatures 28 F or lower is between April 3-10across most of the state (Figure 2).5
Figure 3. Climate division rankings of the December 2019 through February2020 mean temperature compared to the 125-year climatology (1895present). A rank value of 125 would indicate the warmest 3-month period onrecord. Therefore, these ranks indicate that for Indiana, this pastmeteorological winter ranked in the top 10 warmest years.Figure 2. Average date of the last frost with temperatures at or below 28 F.Speaking of temperature, the December 2019 – February 2020three-month period ranked as one of the warmest over the past125 years (1895-present) (Figure 3). Not only is this remarkable,but could suggest significant overwintering of many pests acrossthe state!Climate outlooks for April 3rd through 9th are showing increasedconfidence of below-normal temperatures and precipitation(Figure 4). Assuming temperatures are not too below normal, thiswill hopefully help dry things out enough to be able to startpreparing for the upcoming growing season! Unfortunately, theclimate outlook for April is suggesting increased confidence ofabove-normal precipitation for the southern half of Indiana. At thistime, however, those amounts do not appear to be as high asthey were in 2019.Figure 4. Climate outlooks for the 8- to 14-day period representing April03-09, 2020. Temperature probabilities are displayed on the left;6
precipitation amounts will be above / below normal – depending on the mapand shading, respectively.precipitation probabilities displayed on the right. The greater theprobabilistic value, the greater the confidence that temperatures /It is the policy of the Purdue University that all persons have equal opportunity and access to its educational programs, services, activities, and facilities without regard to race, religion, color, sex, age,national origin or ancestry, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, disability or status as a veteran. Purdue is an Affirmative Action Institution. This material may be available in alternativeformats. 1-888-EXT-INFO Disclaimer: Reference to products in this publication is not intended to be an endorsement to the exclusion of others which may have similar uses. Any person using productslisted in this publication assumes full responsibility for their use in accordance with current directions of the manufacturer.Pest&Crop newsletter Purdue University - ditor: Tammy Luck Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 479077
Jan 01, 2020 · (Office of Indiana State Chemist) West Lafayette, IN (March 19, 2020) – Office of Indiana State Chemist (OISC) is releasing new temporary guidance regarding compliance with state pesticide and fertilizer regulatory requirements in Indiana, in consideration of the disruptions to normal o
HHMI Biointeractive: Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn Video with Activity and Other Resources How Stuff Works: Corn Video Section 2: Types of Corn Corn Types Quizlet Corn Types Card Sort Corn Types KERNEL Card Game Section 3: Corn Growth and De
maize act as a good source of minerals, dietary fiber and vitamins. There exist different types of corn for instance pop corn, dent corn, flour corn, sweat corn and flint corn. Spring season consider as the best time period for maize plantation and the corn is unable to tolerate coolness. The plant grows rapidly with the moisture soil.
Bruksanvisning för bilstereo . Bruksanvisning for bilstereo . Instrukcja obsługi samochodowego odtwarzacza stereo . Operating Instructions for Car Stereo . 610-104 . SV . Bruksanvisning i original
Status of Resistance to Bt corn ! First Bt lepidopteran active traits registered in 1996 in U.S. (Bt corn borer). ! High dose expression (25 X the lethal concentration [LC] 99) for European corn borer. ! Field-evolved resistance documented in four lepidopteran species: Fall armyworm: Cry1F in Bt corn (Puerto Rico) (Storer et al. 2010)
was made from recycled plastic and wood flour composite through injection-moulding process [8]. Corn or maize is the most widely planted crop in the world. Corn husk is the leafy shell covering the corn. In general, corn husks are the leftovers after the corns were harvested and corn husk is the non-food part of the corn and it is usually left .
10 tips och tricks för att lyckas med ert sap-projekt 20 SAPSANYTT 2/2015 De flesta projektledare känner säkert till Cobb’s paradox. Martin Cobb verkade som CIO för sekretariatet för Treasury Board of Canada 1995 då han ställde frågan
service i Norge och Finland drivs inom ramen för ett enskilt företag (NRK. 1 och Yleisradio), fin ns det i Sverige tre: Ett för tv (Sveriges Television , SVT ), ett för radio (Sveriges Radio , SR ) och ett för utbildnings program (Sveriges Utbildningsradio, UR, vilket till följd av sin begränsade storlek inte återfinns bland de 25 största
Hotell För hotell anges de tre klasserna A/B, C och D. Det betyder att den "normala" standarden C är acceptabel men att motiven för en högre standard är starka. Ljudklass C motsvarar de tidigare normkraven för hotell, ljudklass A/B motsvarar kraven för moderna hotell med hög standard och ljudklass D kan användas vid
