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/! MinneapolisPark & Recreation BoardECOLOGICAL SYSTEM PLAN1Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System Plan

AcknowledgmentsThe Ecological System Plan is the result of a co-fundedproject between Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board(MPRB) and the Mississippi Watershed ManagementOrganization.Community Advisory Committee (as established in 2014)Lorrie Stromme, ChairMPRB President Liz WielinskiR.T. RybakMPRB At-Large Commissioner John ErwinThe Plan was shaped with input from MPRB, MWMO, theCity of Minneapolis, as well as Minneapolis residents andvisitors, and those who served on the Community Advisory Committee (CAC).Mark AndrewMPRB At-Large Commissioner Meg ForneyPhilipp MuessigMPRB At-Large Commissioner Annie YoungSandy Colvin RoyMPRB District 2 Commissioner OlsonMPRB Planning staf thank all who participated in thisplanning efort and contributed ideas and feedback fortheir help.Alicia UzarekMPRB District 3 Commissioner VreelandLee FrelichMPRB District 4 Commissioner TabbMike LynchMPRB District 5 Commissioner MusichCristina PalmisanoMPRB District 6 Commissioner BournDarren LochnerMayor Betsy HodgesKatie LampiMinneapolis City Council President JohnsonDiane SpectorHennepin County Board Chair OpatJocelyn BeardMinneapolis School Board Chair MammenYeng Soua LeeMississippi Watershed Management OrganizationJim YangMississippi Watershed Management OrganizationLiban AdamMississippi Watershed Management OrganizationBrendan McShaneMississippi Watershed Management OrganizationJodi RefslandMississippi Watershed Management OrganizationMichelle StocknessMinneapolis Community Environmental Advisory CommitteeMPRB Project Team Adam Arvidson, Director of Strategic PlanningEllen Kennedy, Project ManagerMadeline Hudek, GIS TechnicianKristin Krueger, Project DesignerMWMO Project Team Dan Kalmon, Planning Principal Brett Eidem, Project Planning &Implementation SpecialistConsultants Smart Hive: Carla Januska Barr Engineering: Fred Rozumalski,Eric Holt, Brendan Dougherty,Eddie Anderson, Sarah Stratton Metro Blooms: Jun TangAdditional CAC members (as of 2017): Tamara Downs-Schwei, City of Minneapolis 2Ofce of SustainabilityJeanette ColbyLois HallCharles ReedForrest TheisenScott VreelandMinneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System Plan

/! .Minneapolis Park & Recreation BoardECOLOGICAL SYSTEM PLANJULY 2020WATERAIRLANDLIFE“Look forward for a century, to the time when the city has a population of a million, and think what will betheir wants. They will have wealth enough to purchase all that money can buy, but all their wealth cannotpurchase a lost opportunity, or restore natural features of grandeur and beauty, which would then possesspriceless value, and which you can preserve for them if you will but say the word and save them from thedestruction which certainly awaits them if you fail to utter it.”— H.W. Cleveland, Suggestions for a System of Parks and Parkways for the City of Minneapolis, 1883Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System Plan3

Table of ContentsAcknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Life in the parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Introduction to the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Life Goals, Strategies, and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68MPRB’S Ecological System Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7RECOMMENDATIONS AND NEXT STEPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Goals, Strategies, and Recommendations Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Water in the Parks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Departmental Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Water Resources Management in the Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Place-Based Concerns—Regional Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Current Conditions Relating to Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Place-Based Concerns—Neighborhood Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Impaired Water Bodies in the Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15MAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99Current MPRB Mitigation and Prevention Strategies for Degradation ofWater Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Water Goals, Strategies, and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26AIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Air and the Parks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Ongoing Mitigations for Air Quality Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Future Mitigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Air Goals, Strategies, and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38LAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Parkland Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Ongoing Management of Impacts Related to Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Future Mitigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Land Goals, Strategies, and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System Plan4

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONMinneapolis Park and Recreation BoardEcological System Plan5Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System Plan

Introduction to the Minneapolis Park and Recreation BoardMPRB’S PARK SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONThe Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board (MPRB)manages a complex and vibrant park system spanningmore than 6,400 acres of land and water. This systemconsists of both large regional parks, which are naturalresource based, and neighborhood parks, which includemore man-made recreational amenities. In total, thissystem is composed of 160 neighborhood parks, 19 regional park and trail facilities, 49 recreation centers, 102miles of biking and walking paths, 12 formal gardens, and7 golf courses in the middle of a dynamic metropolitanarea with one of the country’s largest and most ecologically diverse river systems running through it.MPRB’S VISIONManaging this system and balancing the often competing demands between humans and nature is an immenseresponsibility; thus MPRB has articulated a vision that isbased on delivering: Vision Theme 1 Urban forests, natural areas, andwaters that endure and captivate Vision Theme 2 Recreation that inspires personalgrowth, healthy lifestyles, and a sense of community Vision Theme 3 Dynamic parks that shape city character and meet diverse community needs Vision Theme 4 A safe place to play, celebrate, contemplate, and recreate6Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System PlanMPRB STRUCTUREMPRB PLANNINGEach service delivery group within MPRB, including Planning, Environmental Stewardship, and Recreation, has aparticular responsibility with regard to achieving betterenvironmental quality in the parks. Planning works with the community to develop andimplement visions for the physical assets within theparks. In doing so, this group considers the accessibility of the parks as well as achieving a balancebetween built and natural spaces. Environmental Stewardship manages and maintainsthe built and natural spaces, and provides environmental education programming, which means themajority of equipment used for the care of lands andwaters is purchased by this department. Recreation oversees recreational programming inthe parks, including athletics, aquatics, ice arenas,golf, youth development, and programming in recreation centers. This programming requires energy topower lights, buildings, and other facilities as well aswater to service recreational needs.MPRB’s Strategic Planning Department produces diferentkinds of plans to help Minneapolis parks realize community visions. Service Area Master Plans are completedto address community priorities for neighborhood parkswithin the fve service areas of the park system. Regionalpark master plans address the long term needs of thenatural resource based regional parks. Activity plans takea subject matter dive into particular activities (such asskateboarding and urban agriculture) and how they canbest be supported throughout the park system. Becauseenvironmental concerns are becoming increasingly moreapparent throughout the system, now it is time for a newtype of plan that presents a more environmentally focusedlens towards managing the impacts of the city and recreational demands of its residents within park spaces: anecological system plan.

MPRB’S Ecological System PlanTo successfully achieve the goals set forth in its vision,MPRB has recognized the need to partner with otheragencies and organizations to achieve long term sustainability with its planning eforts. In partnership with theMississippi Watershed Management Organization, MPRBhas developed this Ecological System Plan to:Out Ii 1e guidi g p, nl:eronme-n al managem n.,,,1 InClres o.rpa k 19lo:the1Coidly aroundolo IIfbeFigure 1. Ecological System Plan.The frst of its kind, the Ecological System Plan provides aframework for how environmental considerations can beaddressed in ongoing planning eforts at MPRB as wellas how and where the organization can look to partnerwith other local, regional, and statewide organizations toachieve shared environmental goals. As such, this planties in with natural areas management planning as wellas park and service area master planning currently underway within MPRB, in addition to environmental planningeforts throughout the Twin Cities metropolitan area.This plan addresses how MPRB approaches the quality,improvement, and continued protection of water, air, landand life within the Minneapolis park system by: Assessing existing conditions in parks Evaluating current site management and material selection practices Determining best management practices Identifying mitigation strategies and areas withhighest mitigation potential Developing recommendations and policy goals forfuture planning/operations eforts at MPRB and withstrategic partnersem InUonUTILIZATION OF THIS PLAN WILL HELPASSURE A MORE SUSTAINABLE,ECOLOGICALLY FRIENDLY, ANDENVIRONMENTALLY AWARE PARKSYSTEM FOR YEARS TO COME.Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System Plan7

LENSES FOR THEECOLOGICAL SYSTEM PLANIn response to recurring environmental concerns frequently raised by park stakeholders, MPRB convened anEcological System Plan Community Advisory Committeewho identifed the following areas of especially pressingenvironmental concern: Air quality issues Urban heat island efect Carbon sequestration Sustainable energy generation Stormwater runof Biodiversity and habitat quality Habitat connectivityEach of these concerns is connected in a complex webto the plan’s broader themes of water, air, land, and life.These environmental impacts stem from human activities.Park operations also have an impact on the concernsidentifed by this plan’s Community Advisory Committee. This plan strives to untangle the web and considerECOLOGICAL SYSTEM PLAN LENSES,liJliJuu,lill,.,,H6ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM PLAN APPROACHLENSESTH' M S-IIKCKII\eo0Figure 3. Ecological System Plan Approachwhat can be done both on the individual park and systemlevel to address environmental challenges that exist wellbeyond park boundary lines. As such, goals and strategies will be presented to address how these particularareas of concern within the park system relate back to thebroader plan themes.ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM PLAN THEMES:WATER, AIR, LAND, AND LIFEThe purpose behind looking at these themes on a broadscale relates back to the MPRB vision of addressing8Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System PlanSTRATEGIES!ilRi:,eg -If»to.:lwYtlghl O,lti.pl&nWhile most MPRB plans are categorized according totheir geography and management (service area, neighborhood parks, regional parks, regional trails, naturalareas), this plan ofers a diferent point of view basedon ecological considerations spanning the park system.Thus, this plan has been organized according to themesthat encapsulate the biodiversity, environmental sensitivity, and collaborative need for management within theparks: water, air, land, and life.Figure 2. Ecological System Plan LensesGOALSGcllll.the need to better understand dynamic and deepeningenvironmental impacts to the park system as the city continues to grow and change around it. Water, air, land, andlife are fundamentally interconnected, both in nature andin the discussion of how park spaces are managed.GOALS, STRATEGIES, ANDRECOMMENDATIONS FOR EACH THEMEThe chapters that follow present environmental conditions in the parks, current mitigation measures, and fnally,goals, strategies, and recommendations for each themeto help guide the work MPRB undertakes in its Planning,Environmental Stewardship, and Recreation divisions.Goals are the benchmarks MPRB can use to ask “have weachieved this?” while strategies and recommendationsofer a means of progressively achieving the goals thatare identifed. Many of MPRB’s plans are structured in thisway to help advance implementation of the plan. The Ecological System Plan is no diferent in this respect. While itdoes not immediately identify exact budget numbers forimplementation, it calls out the need for other plans and

operational changes, ofers stafng ideas, presents possible community partnerships, and lays out more detailedrecommendations based on the environmental concernsthat exist, what is currently being done to address them,and what it will take both in the short and longer term toachieve the goals set forth in the plan. In order to helpestablish policy direction for future prioritization of projects, maps are also included to assist in current and futureconditions analysis.PLAN OUTCOMESAs global climate change continues to intensify, so do theecological changes happening as a result. In view of thesechanges, the work that MPRB does through planning andimplementation to protect water, air, land, and life in theparks will help to sustain park resources for generationsto come. Another important outcome for MPRB’s work,not only in daily operations, but in long range planning,is to adequately address the equity and environmental justice concerns that are at the forefront of the parksystem’s conversations with all park users.Through the Ecological System Plan, MPRB shares themethods behind its operations and maintenance practices and engages the community in a discussion aboutwhere policy, procedure, or organizational goals mightbe pursued diferently or in partnership with other organizations and agencies in the interest of achieving betterenvironmental results. While intended to address citywide environmental concerns, this plan has been writtento refect a strong awareness of areas within the citythat have been historically disadvantaged due to unfairracial policy, environmentally compromising land use, andconcentration of poverty. As a result, these areas havehistorically experienced inequitable investment in publicamenities, elevated cases of lung and heart disease, andhigher crime rates. While MPRB is not able to directlyimpact all of this historic cause and efect, it is important to consider what can be done on an organizationalbasis to act as a change agent, working for the creation ofgreener, healthier, and safer community spaces.Finally, this plan serves as an invitation to the communitywithin Minneapolis to consider how changes in personalbehavior can have a signifcant impact in the ecological functions and environmental quality across the city,which will ultimately help to inform the quality of individual visitor experiences in the parks. The most importantand impactful partnership MPRB can develop is with parkusers, as their visions, goals, and behaviors inform thefuture of the parks.COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT TO GUIDEPLAN OUTCOMESBecause park users help to inform park conditions, anessential component in the development of this plan hasbeen community engagement. Each plan theme is impactful to parks in its own right, but also has the potential to beenhanced in some way by individual behavior changes.Consequently, community awareness and response tothe notion of improved and increased ecological functionis arguably as important as MPRB’s own best management practices.to address critical problems whose scopes far exceedpark boundaries.PLANNING AHEADWhile the Ecological System Plan’s development precedes MPRB’s Comprehensive Plan update scheduledfor 2020, it will set the tone both for this update as wellas any service area master planning and Capital Improvement Program (CIP) projects that follow. MPRB prepares asix year Capital Improvement Program built on both parkand people-based equity metrics, which is updated eachyear to refect how park rankings adjust to changing community and environmental dynamics as well as annualcapital expenditures.With the goals, strategies, and recommendations articulated in this plan, MPRB will be better equipped toevaluate both its own planning process and maintenanceoperations with ecological considerations at top of mind.We believe that utilization of this plan will help assure amore sustainable, ecologically friendly, and environmentally aware park system for years to come.To ensure the fullest possible engagement, it was notassumed that individuals reached through this processpossessed the same level of understanding regardingsystem ecology or the key causes and efects of environmental impacts. Therefore, the engagement processrolled out in two phases: the frst focused on raisingawareness that this planning efort was underway andthe areas of environmental concern that had been identifed by the Community Advisory Committee; the secondoriented toward collecting feedback regarding environmental management strategies that could be adopted orchanged within the park system. The feedback collectedduring this engagement process helped to drive projectoutcomes, clarifying which environmental topics are ofthe greatest concern to the community, how the community would like MPRB to address each of the topics, andwhere, in the parks, the community feels MPRB shoulddeploy specifc mitigation measures, environmental management strategies, and seek partnership opportunitiesMinneapolis Park & Recreation Board Ecological System Plan9

has developed this Ecological System Plan to: Figure 1. Ecological System Plan. The frst of its kind, the Ecological System Plan provides a framework for how environmental considerations can be addressed in ongoing planning eforts at MPRB as well as how and where the organization can look to partner

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