American Community Survey Design And Methodology (January .

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American Community SurveyDesign and Methodology(January 2014)Version 2.0January 30,2014

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page ii[This page intentionally left blank]Version 2.0 January 30, 2014

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page iiiDocument LogDocument Title:American Community Survey Design and Methodology(January 2014)Approval AuthorityJames B. Treat, Chief, ACSODocument Approval DateJanuary 30, 2014Document Author(s)Nancy Torrieri, ACSO, DSSD, and SEHSD Program StaffCritical Reviewer(s)ACS Program Senior StaffSensitivity AssessmentThis document does not contain any: Title 5, Title 13, Title 26, or Title 42 protected informationProcurement informationBudgetary informationPersonally identifiable informationVersion 2.0 January 30, 2014

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page ivAcknowledgementsThe development of the 2014 edition of ACS Design and Methodology took place under thedirection of James B. Treat, Chief, American Community Survey Office (ACSO). Nancy K.Torrieri, Special Assistant to the Chief, ACSO, provided overall management and coordination.The American Community Survey Program is under the direction of Frank A. Vitrano, AssociateDirector for the 2020 Census and Lisa M. Blumerman, Assistant Director for the AmericanCommunity Survey and the Decennial Census.Staff of the ACSO, the Decennial Statistical Studies Division, the Social, Economic and HousingStatistics Division, and the Population Division contributed to this report as primary authors,secondary authors, developers of graphics, tables, or other content, and as reviewers. Thesecontributors include Mark E. Asiala, Lawrence M. Bates, Judy G. Belton, Cheryl V. Chambers,Melissa C. Chiu, Grace L. Clemons, Donna M. Daily, Kenneth B. Dawson, Gail M. Denby,Tomas E. Encarnacion, Sirius C. Fuller, Deborah H. Griffin, Steven P. Hefter, Liza L. Hill, ToddR. Hughes, Karen Humes, Michelle E. Jiles, Karen E. King, Kenneth C. Kowalk, Terrina L.Long, Ana J. Montalvo, David A. Raglin, Dameka M. Reese, Kanin L. Reese, Monique L.Rhames, Daniel Sommers, Nicholas M. Spanos, Jennifer G. Tancreto, Anthony G. Tersine,Nancy K. Torrieri, Kai T. Wu, and Matthew A. Zimolzak.MITRE Corporation staff, led by Jeb S. Gaul, reviewed an early draft of the report.Catherine M. Rosol of ERIMAX, Inc. formatted the report and prepared it for release.Version 2.0 January 30, 2014

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page vTable of ContentsAcknowledgements . ivForeword . 1Chapter 1: Introduction . 3Chapter 2: Program History . 52.1Overview . 52.2Design Origins and Early Proposals. 52.3Development . 62.4Demonstration . 82.5Full Implementation . 92.6The ACS Program Review . 102.7ACS Stakeholders and External Engagement . 112.8References . 14Chapter 3: Frame Development . 183.1Overview . 183.2Master Address File Content . 183.3Master Address File Development and Updating for the U.S. Housing Unit Inventory 203.4Master Address File Development and Updating for Puerto Rico. 253.5 Master Address File Development and Updating For Group Quarters in the UnitedStates and Puerto Rico . 263.6American Community Survey Extracts from the Master Address File . 283.7References . 30Chapter 4: Sample Selection and Design. 324.1Overview . 324.2Housing Unit Sample Selection . 334.3First Phase Sample . 354.4Second-Phase Sampling for CAPI follow-up. 444.5Group Quarters Sample Selection . 464.6Small Group Quarters Stratum Sample . 474.7Large Group Quarters Stratum Sample . 494.8Remote Alaska Sample . 504.9References . 52Chapter 5: Content Development Process . 535.1Overview . 53Version 2.0 January 30, 2014

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page vi5.2History of Content Development . 535.3Initial ACS/PRCS Content – 2003-2007 Content . 545.4Content Policy and Content Change Process . 565.5Content Testing and the ACS Methods Panel . 595.6Content Testing, 2006 to 2009 . 595.72008-2009 ACS . 605.82010-2012 Content Testing . 605.92010-2013 ACS . 615.10 References . 63Chapter 6: Survey Rules, Concepts, and Definitions . 646.1Overview . 646.2Interview Rules . 646.3Residence Rules . 646.4Structure of the Housing Unit Questionnaire . 666.5Structure of the Group Quarters Questionnaires . 75Chapter 7: Data Collection and Capture for Housing Units . 767.1Overview . 767.2Mail and Internet Phase . 777.3Telephone Phase . 837.4Personal Visit Phase . 847.5References . 88Chapter 8: Data Collection and Capture for Group Quarters . 898.1Overview . 898.2Group Quarters (Facility-Level Phase) . 908.3Person-Level Phase . 928.4Check-In and Data Capture . 958.5Special Procedures . 96Chapter 9: Language Assistance Program. 989.1Overview . 989.2Background . 989.3Guidelines. 999.4Mail and Internet Data Collection . 999.5Telephone and Personal Visit Follow-Up . 1009.6Group Quarters . 101Version 2.0 January 30, 2014

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page vii9.7Research and Evaluation . 1029.8References . 103Chapter 10: Data Preparation and Processing for Housing Units and Group Quarters . 10410.1 Overview . 10410.2 Data Preparation . 10510.3 Preparation for Creating Select Files and Edit Input Files . 12210.4 Creating the Select Files and Edit Input File. 12410.5 Data Processing . 12510.6 Editing and Imputation . 12510.7 Multiyear Data Processing . 13010.8 References . 132Chapter 11: Weighting and Estimation . 13511.1 Overview . 13511.2 ACS Group quarters person weighting . 13611.3 Construct Enhanced GQ Imputation Frame . 13711.4 Select Donors for Imputation . 13811.5 GQ Weighting . 13911.6 Construct GQ Post-imputation Microdata. 14211.7 ACS Housing Unit Weighting—Overview . 14211.8 ACS Housing Unit Weighting—Probability of Selection. 14311.9 ACS Housing Unit Weighting—Noninterview Adjustment . 14611.10 ACS Housing Unit Weighting—Housing Unit and Population Controls . 15111.11 Multiyear Estimation Methodology . 15911.12 References . 166Chapter 12: Variance Estimation . 16812.1 Overview . 16812.2 Variance Estimation for Housing Unit and Person Estimates. 16812.3 Margin of Error and Confidence Interval . 17412.4 Variance Estimation for the PUMS. 17612.5 References . 179Chapter 13: Preparation and Review of Data Products . 18013.1 Overview . 18013.2 Geography . 18113.3 Defining the Data Products . 182Version 2.0 January 30, 2014

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page viii13.4 Description of Aggregated Data Products . 18313.5 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) . 18613.6 Generation of Data Products . 18613.7 Data Release Rules . 18713.8 Data Review and Acceptance . 18913.9 Custom Data Products . 190Chapter 14: Data Dissemination . 19114.1 Overview . 19114.2 Schedule . 19114.3 Accessing ACS Data and Supporting Documents . 19214.4 References . 196Chapter 15: Improving Data Coverage by Reducing Non-Sampling Error . 19715.1 Overview . 19715.2 Coverage Error . 19815.3 Nonresponse Error. 19915.4 Measurement Error . 20215.5 Processing Error . 20315.6 Census Bureau Statistical Quality Standards . 20415.7 References . 205Chapter 16: Research and Evaluation . 20616.1 Overview . 206Appendix: Glossary . 208FiguresFigure 4-1: Assignment of Blocks (and their addresses) to Second-stage Sampling . 34Figure 4-2: Assignment of Blocks (and their addresses) to Second-stage Sampling . 43Figure 5-1: Examples of two ACS questions modified for the PRCS . 56Figure 5-2: Changes to the ACS Paper Questionnaire Form between 2010 and 2013 . 61Figure 7-1: ACS Data Collection Consists of Three Overlapping Phases. 76Figure 7-2: Distribution of ACS Interviews and Noninterviews – Source: 2012 ACS Sample . 77Figure 10-1: American Community Survey (ACS) Data Preparation and Processing . 105Figure 10-2: Daily Processing of Housing Unit Data . 106Version 2.0 January 30, 2014

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page ixFigure 10-3: Monthly Data Capture File Creation . 108Figure 10-4: American Community Survey (ACS) Coding . 108Figure 10-5: Backcoding. 111Figure 10-6: ACS Industry Questions. 112Figure 10-7: ACS Industry Type Question . 112Figure 10-8: ACS Occupation Questions . 113Figure 10-9: Industry and Occupation (I/O) Coding . 114Figure 10-10: ACS Migration Questions . 117Figure 10-11: ACS Place-of-Work Questions . 118Figure

ACS Design and Methodology (January 2014) Page 1 Version 2.0 January 30, 2014 Foreword The American Community Survey—A Revolution in Data Collection The American Community Survey (ACS) is the cornerstone of the U.S. Census Bureau’s effort to keep pace with the nation’s ever-increasing demands for timely and relevant data about

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