Mechatronics An Introduction To Mechatronics

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2013Mechatronics — An Introduction to MechatronicsN. PannagaN. GaneshRavish GuptaM. Tech scholar,M. Tech scholar,M. Tech scholar,Department ofDepartment of AerospaceDepartment of ElectronicsMechanical,Propulsion Technology,& communications,Visvesvaraya TechnologicalVisvesvaraya TechnologicalRajiv Gandhi bstractKeywordsInnovation in today’s Industrial system orMechatronicssystem,industrial control system (ICS) is often only possibleDefinitions,due to the embedded system. Particularly, theObjectives of hatronicsMechatronicsDesignStep,systemsresulting in, so-called, advanced mechatronic s1. INTRODUCTIONcombining the classical engineering disciplines formechanical and electrical engineering, electronicThewordMechatronicswasfirstThe word,introduced by the senior engineer of a JapaneseMechatronics is composed of mechafrom mechanicscompany, Yaskawa, in 1969. The company wasandgranted trademark rights on the word in 1971. Theengineeringand ing electronics more and more intomechanisms, intimately and organically, and makingit impossible to tell where one ends and the otherword soon received broad acceptance in industryand, in order to allow its free use, Yaskawa decidedto abandon his rights on the word in 1982. TheMechatronics systems consist of components frombegins.different physical domains, which are closelyField of study involving the analysis, design,coupled and therefore interact with one another.synthesis, and selection of systemsthat combineMoreover, the behavior of the components iselectronics and mechanical components with modernhighly non-linear.controls andmicroprocessors2. WHAT IS MECHATRONICS?Today it means mechatronics engineeringactivities including designing, testing and operationof machinery and equipment, in which there is ahigh level of functional integration of mechanicalsystems with electronics and computer control.IJERTV2IS80133www.ijert.org128

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2013field,control circuits. The overall control of thesecombining in a synergistic manner the classicalmachines is done by programmable componentsknowledge of mechanical engineering, hydraulics,like PLC's, micro-controllers or even PC's. Thepneumatics, electronics, optics and computermajor difference between conventional machineryscience. A typical mechatronic system picks upwith electronic components and mechatronicsignals from the environment, processes them tomachinery is that the former adds electronicgenerate output signals, transforming them forcomponents, while the latter integrates electronicexample into forces, motions and actions. The aimcomponents.of Mechatronics is to improve the functionality ofmachine means adding additional functions, andtechnical systems and the creation of new conceptsintegrating electronics means furnishing extendedof machinery and equipment with built-in "artificialcapability to the machinery.MechatronicsisaninterdisciplinaryAdding some electronics to aintelligence".3. Mechatronics DefinitionsMechatronics provides an opportunity, notonly humanization of machines, but also it changesthe mindset and the approach to technologicalandnewof sensors, actuators, signal conditioning, powertechnologies and ways of acquiring knowledge andelectronics, decision and control algorithms, andskills. The most important feature of mechatroniccomputer hardware and software to managedevices is the ability to process and communicatecomplexity, uncertainty, and communication ininformation accurately in a form of different typesengineered systems.IEEE (Institute of Electricalofand Electronics Engineers) and ASME gIJERTissuesMechatronics is the synergistic integrationelectrical,hydraulic,pneumatic, optical, chemical, biological), with highSocietylevel of automation of these omote“Mechatronicsisthethesynergistic integration of mechanical engineeringwith the electronic control and the intelligent, PCbased control, in the design and manufacturing ofgoods and processes.”4. Objectives Of MechatronicsMechatronics has mainly the objective toimprove technicalproperties, i.e., to make machineswork faster and to make manufacturing cheaper. Inindustry, products and processes are designedfromscratch, and therefore they are known, andFigure: - Mechatronics Systemdealing with them is a kind of straightforwardNowadays a lot of machines and evensimple household appliance consist of mechanismsdriven by motors and actuators with electricalIJERTV2IS80133actionwhere the behavior can be predicted, at leastin principle. Even there, however, the complexityoftasks and situations is increasing, leading alreadywww.ijert.org129

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2013to the use of unconventional tools like l,neural networks, expert systems, and theirspeaker, light emitting diode (LED), shape memorycombinations. Figure shown the mechatronicsalloy, electromagnet, and pump apply commandedindustry systemaction on thephysical process.IC-based sensors andactuatorsdigital-compass, potentiometer, etc.IJERT5. Mechatronics Design StepMechatronic products are commonly usedin industry and everyday life. Designing ofmechatronic products requires aedicated approachFig: - Mechatronics Design Processthat takes into account: interdisciplinary design,market related constraints, multifunctionality, userfriendly operation and demand of minimization ofElectrical elements:-the cost of the whole product operation period.Thus designers who create mechatronic productsshould possess comprehensive ectrical components e.g., resistor (R),capacitor (C), inductor (L), transformer, etcaninterdisciplinary designing team as well as teamElectronic elements:-management skills, and knowledge how to use theAnalog/digitalup-to-date tools of computer aided ,Additionally the know-how in scheduling andthyristors,operationalamplifiers,carrying out prototyping of mechatronic systems ispower electronics, and signal conditioning.very useful.Control/computinghardwareelements:-6. Type of ElementsElectromechanical elements: -Analog-to-digitalSensors, A variety of physical variablescan be measured using sensors. Actuators, onverter,converter,timers,130

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2013microprocessor, microcontroller, dataacquisition7. New Research Challengesand control (DAC) board, and digital signalThese interactively cooperating, intelligentprocessing (DSP) boardmachines lead to new research topics in thecontroltechniques of mechatronics and in otherComputer/Information System:-areas as well. It will be important that a machineComputerelementsrefertoand itscomponents have learning capabilities, self-hardware/software utilized to perform, computer-adaptation and self-calibration. Techniques such asaided dynamic system analysis, optimization,thecombination of neural networks, and fuzzydesign, and simulation, virtual instrumentation,control with expert systems will further emphasizerapid control prototyping, hardware-in-the-looptheimportance of software.simulation, PC-based data acquisition and controlElements of Mechatronics:Typicalknowledgebaseforoptimaldesign and operation of mechatronic systemsFig: - Elements of Mechatronicscomprises of: – Dynamic system modelling ERTanalysis.Engineeringistheelectrical, chemical, biological, etc.– Decision andengineering discipline concerned with the research,control theory, Sensors and signal conditioning,design,Actuators and power electronics, Data acquisition.intelligent engineered products and processesA2D, D2A, digital I/O, counters, timers, etc.–enabledHardware interfacing, Rapid control prototyping,electronic, computer, and software engineeringEmbedded computing.Balance theory, simulation,technologiesSpecific expertise areas can onofofmechanical,hardware, and software.Mechatronics is the result of applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques Avionicsinformation systems to physicalsystems. TheComputerHardwareandSystems Control Systemsphysical system, the rightmost dotted block, Data Communications and Networksconsists of mechanical, electrical, andcomputer Dynamics of Machines and Mechanisms(electronic) systems as well as actuators, sensors, Electromagnetic Energy Conversionand real time interfacing. Sensorsand actuators are Electronicsused to transduce energy from high power, usually Embedded & Real-time Systemsthe mechanical side, to lowpower, the electrical and Fluid Power and other Actuation Devicescomputer or electronic side. The block labeled Human-Machine Interface Engineeringmechanical systemsfrequently consists of moreand Ergonomicsthan just mechanical components and may include Industrial Automationfluid, pneumatic,thermal, acoustic, chemical, and Measurement,other disciplines as well.andSensors al Design and Material Selection131

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2013 MechatronicDesignandSystemsurgery and orthopaedics, high intensity focusedultrasound and blood sampling.Integration Modelling and Simulation Motion Control Power Electronics ProcessManagement,9. New ApplicationsScheduling,Optimization, and Controli-VTEC, Micro Air Vehicles, Pistonless Process Plant and Manufacturing SystemsPump, Multi Air Engine, Six Stroke Engine, Solar RoboticsCars, Thermo Acoustic Refrigeration, Biodeisel, Signal ProcessingDigital Twin Spark Ignition, Nano Enabled Coating Smart InfrastructureMakes Aircraft Invisible, Automatic Transmission Software EngineeringIn Cars, Nitro Shock Absorbers, Hypercar, Systems EngineeringMachine Vision Systems, Geothermal Energy, ThermofluidsCryogenic Heat Treatment, Next Generation 2- Haptic InterfacesStroke Engine, Microturbines, MedicalsEngines, Tidal Energy, Automation Robotics Control Mechanical VibrationsSystem,3dNext GenerationAir Craft HydraulicCruise Missile Technology, CamlessIJERTEngine, Automatic Vehicle Locator, AutonomousCar, Solar Energy Through Solar Space Stations,Anti-Lock Braking Sensors, Air Muscles, SkyBusTechnology, Scramjet Engine, Pollution LessEngine, Paper Battery, Nano IC Engine, Liquid8. Mechatronics In MedicineNitrogen, Gasoline Direct Injection, EmulsifiedIn 1985 the Department of MechanicalEthanol, Direct Injection Diesel Engine, VehicleEngineering at Imperial College began researchDynamics, Valvetronics, Tidal Power, Hovercraft,into medical robotics for neurosurgery. FurtherInfrared Curing and Convection Curing, AeroplaneresearchPropulsion System,intoarobotforprostatectomy,Running gearing,Fuelcommencing in 1988 culminated, in 1991, in aEnergizer, GPS And Applications, Selective Laser"World First" with the demonstration of roboticSintering, Agile Manufacturing, Cryocar, Cylinderprostate surgery. This robot was the first to activelydeactivation, Dyna-cam engine, Apache Helicopter,remove tissue from a human patient in an operatingCAMM Systems, Friction Stir Welding, HEMItheatre. With the expansion of robotic surgeryengines, Just In Time Manufacturing, Leanapplications,Medicinemanufacturing, Quality improvement tool "pokaLaboratory was set up in 1993, as part of theyoke", MEMS for Space, Personal Protection ,,Computer Aided Systems Engineering Section, toMine Detection Using Radar Bullets,research and develop mechatronic aids to surgery.Equipment Effectiveness, Predictive MaintenanceThe group has developed mechatronic applicationsusing Thermal Imaging, Methanol Fueled Marinein fields as diverse as neurosurgery, magneticDiesel Engine, Quality function deployment, Quasiresonance imaging (MRI) compatible robotics,turbine,haptic training systems for surgeons, urologicalSidewinder Missile, Smart .orgOverallRobots In Radioactive Environments,Transit132