CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS CHAPTER 17 BIOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMSCHAPTER 17BIOLOGY

Chapter 17 Vocabulary1. Biodiversity4. Kingdom2. taxonomy5. domain7. Division10. Family13. Binomial nomenclature15. Phylogenetics17. Cladistics19. Derived character22. Bacteria25. Eubacteria28. Fungi31. Subspecies8. class11. genus16.18.20.23.26.29.(31 Words)3. taxon6. phylum9. order12. species14. systematicsphylogenetic diagramshared characterclade21. cladogramArchaea24. EukaryaArchaebacteria 27. ProtistaPlantae30. Animalia

I. BiodiversityA. Classifying Organisms1. biodiversity: the variety oforganisms considered at all levels,from populations to ecosystems2. Every year, biologists discoverthousands of new species and seek toclassify them3. Classification systems have beenproposed and modified over the years

B. Taxonomy1. taxonomy: the science of describing, naming,and classifying organisms2. Taxon: a particular group within a taxonomicsystem3. Over time, scientists have created taxonomicsystems that have different numbers andlevels of taxa4. Ancient Greeks- classified as either Plants orAnimals5. Common names are tough to use since not allplaces call things the same

6. The Linnaean Systema. Carolus Linnaeus devised a system of groupingorganisms into hierarchical categoriesaccording to form and structure.b. Our modern structure is similar to that used byLinnaeus.

C. Levels of Classification1. Modern biologists adopted this system, butadded several other kingdoms as well asdomains, categories above the kingdom level2. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order,family, genus, and speciesD. Binomial Nomenclature1. A system for giving each organism a two-wordscientific name that consists of the genusname followed by the species name

II. SystematicsA. Phylogenetics1. systematics: the classification of living organismsin terms of their natural relationships; it includesdescribing, naming, and classifying the organisms2. phylogenetics: the analysis of evolutionary, orancestral, relationships between taxa3. Scientists represent their findings in a form calleda phylogenetic diagrams (tree)

4. Evidence of Shared Ancestrya. Evidence supporting phylogentic relationshipsinclude fossils, homologous features, andembryological features

B. Cladistics (Cladogram)1. German biologist, WilliHenning developedcladistics, aphylogeneticclassification systemthat uses shared andderived characters andancestry as the solecriterion for groupingtaxa

2. Shared character: a feature that is shared byall members of a particular group of organisms3. Derived character: a feature that evolved onlywithin a particular taxonomic group

III. Modern ClassificationA. Three Domains of Life1. Domain Bacteria: single-celled, prokaryotic(no nucleus)2. Domain Archaea: single-celled,prokaryotic with distinctive cell membranesand other unique biochemical and geneticproperties3. Domain Eukarya: eukaryotic (nucleus)with complex cellular organelles

B. Six Kingdoms1. Eubacteria: true bacteria2. Archaebacteria: ancient bacteria3. Protista: eukaryotes that are NOT plants, animals, orfungi4. Fungi: eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms5. Plantae: eukaryotic, multicellular plants6. Animalia: eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophicorganisms

CHAPTER 17 BIOLOGY . Chapter 17 Vocabulary (31 Words) 1. Biodiversity 2. taxonomy 3. taxon 4. Kingdom 5. . 15. Phylogenetics 16. phylogenetic diagram 17. Cladistics 18. shared character 19. Derived character 20. clade 21. cladogram 22. Bacteria 23. Archaea 24. Eukarya . Domain Bacteria: single-celled, prokaryotic (no nucleus) 2. Domain .