Physics 101: Lecture 11 Momentum And Impulse (vectors)
Physics 101: Lecture 11Momentum and Impulse (vectors)
Key Ideas Previous lectures: Work-Energy FNet m amultiply both sides by d FNet d m a d (note: ad ½ Dv2 from v2 vo2 2ad) FNet d ½ m Dv2 Work-Kinetic Energy Thm:» WNet DK OR Wnon-cons DE D(K U) This Time: Impulse-Momentum FNet m a FNet m Dv/Dt (note: a Dv/Dt ) FNet D (mv)/Dt Dp/Dt FNet Dt INet DpDefine Impulse and Momentum
Momentum and Impulse Momentum p mv» Momentum is a vector Impulse-Momentum Thm: I FDt Dmv» Impulse is change in momentum: I Dp» Impulse is a vector because F is a vector» If there is no impulse, momentum does not change(i.e., it is conserved) When is momentum conserved?When no external forces cause an Impulse.
Clicker Q (w/ demo)Two identical balls are dropped from the same height onto thefloor. In each case they have velocity v downward just beforehitting the floor. In case 1 the ball bounces back up, and incase 2 the ball sticks to the floor without bouncing. In whichcase is the magnitude of the impulse given to the ball by thefloor the biggest?A. Case 1B. Case 2C. The same
Clicker QIn both cases of the above question, the direction ofthe impulse given to the ball by the floor is the same.What is this direction?A. UpwardB. Downward
Clicker QsYou drop an egg onto 1) the floor 2) a thick piece of foam rubber.In both cases, the egg does not bounce (demo).In which case is the impulse greater?A) FloorB) FoamC) the sameIn which case is the average force greaterA) FloorB) FoamC) the same
Clicker Q: Pushing Off Fred (75 kg) and Jane (50 kg) are at rest on skates facing each other. Jane thenpushes Fred w/ a constant force F 45 N for a time Dt 3 seconds. Who willbe moving fastest at the end of the push?A) FredB) SameC) Jane
Clicker QA car w/ mass 1200 kg is driving north at 40 m/s, and turnseast driving 30 m/s. What is the magnitude of the car’s changein momentum?A) 0 B) 12,000C) 36,000D) 48,000E) 60,00030 m/s40 m/s
Checkpoint 1A boy roller skating at constant velocity hits a wall andbounces back at constant velocity. The boy’s change inmomentum is:A) zeroB) in the x-directionC) in the x-direction
Checkpoint 2The mass of a pigeon hawk is twice that of the pigeon it hunts.A pigeon is gliding north at a speed of vP 23.0 m/s when a hawkswoops down, grabs the pigeon, and flies off. The hawk was flyingnorth at a speed of vH 35.0 m/s, at an angle of 45 below the horizontal, at the instant of the attack. We can useconservation of momentum to find the final velocity of thepigeon–hawk system just after the hawk grabs the pigeon becauseA) The force of gravity cancels the drag due to airB) While the hawk latches on to the pigeon, the forces betweenthe birds are stronger than any other external forceacting on the birdsC) The hawk gently latches on to the pigeon
Checkpoint 3A 170-g cue ball has the momentum vs time graphWhat is a possible corresponding position vs time graphfor the cue ball?
Momentum is Conserved! Momentum is “Conserved” when there is no externalimpulse, meaning it cannot be created or destroyed Momentum can be transferred but if it is conserved,then Ptot,i Ptot,f. Thus Ptot does not change with timeabsent external forces. Recall that Mech. Energy, E K U, is conserved whenthere is no external work done on system.These are 2 BIG IDEAS in physics
Impulse and MomentumSummaryFNetDt Dp For single object . FNet 0 momentum conserved (Dp 0) For collection of objects FNet 0 total momentum conserved (DPtot 0) FNet 0 impulse momentum is NOT conserved (DPtot 0)
Clicker QMovies often show someone firing a gun loaded with blanks.In a blank cartridge the lead bullet is removed and the end ofthe shell casing is crimped shut to prevent the gunpowderfrom spilling out. When a gun fires a blank, is the recoilgreater than, the same as, or less than when the gun fires astandard bullet?A. greater thanB. same asC. less than
ExampleA mother and a daughter are ice skating. The mother (mass M 70 kg) is skating at5 m/s toward her stationary daughter (mass m 40 kg). When she reaches herdaughter she bear-hugs her daughter and both slide off together. What is thecommon speed of the mother and daughter right after the collision?Big Idea: Conservation of momentumJustification: Force between mother-daughter is an internal force. Thus noexternal impulse so momentum is conserved.Plan: 1) Conserve momentum by setting Ptot,i equal to Ptot,f2) Find the common speed of both after collisionWhat would change if the daughterhad been initially moving towardmom?Execution of plan:1) Pi,tot Pf,tot2) MV m(0) (M m)Vfinal(70 kg)(5 m/s) 0 (70 kg 40 kg) VfinalSolve for Vfinal:Vfinal 3.18 m/s
ExampleA car (M 1500 kg) headed north at 30 mph collides with a car (m 1200 kg)headed east at 45 mph. The cars lock together after the collision. What is the finalspeed and direction of the cars?Big Idea: Conservation of momentumJustification: Force between the cars is an internal force. Thus no externalimpulse, so momentum is conserved.Plan: 1) Conserve momentum by setting Ptot,i equal to Ptot,f2) Find the common speed of both after collision, and the angle.Execution of plan (x axis goes east-west and y-axis goes north-south):1) Pi,tot Pi,M Pi,m Pf,totPi,m 54,000 kg-mphPi,M 45,000 kg-mph q Pi,tot 70,292 kg-mph2) Pf,tot 70,292 kg-mph/Vfinal Pf,tot /Mtot 70,292 kg-mph 2700 kg 26 mphq arctan (54,000/45,000) 50.2⁰ east of north
Summary Impulse I FDt» Gives change in momentum I Dp Momentum p mv» Momentum is VECTOR» Momentum is conserved if FNet 0 S m vinitial S m vfinal
Momentum is Conserved! Momentum is “Conserved” when there is no external impulse, meaning it cannot be created or destroyed Momentum can be transferred but if it is conserved, then P tot,i P tot,f. Thus P tot does not change with time absent external f
Introduction of Chemical Reaction Engineering Introduction about Chemical Engineering 0:31:15 0:31:09. Lecture 14 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lecture 25 Lecture 26 Lecture 27 Lecture 28 Lecture
CHAPTER 3 MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE prepared by Yew Sze Ling@Fiona, KML 2 3.1 Momentum and Impulse Momentum The linear momentum (or "momentum" for short) of an object is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity. p mv & & SI unit of momentum: kgms-1 or Ns Momentum is vector quantity that has the same direction as the velocity.
Physics 101 Lecture 13 Angular Momentum Asist. Prof. Dr. Ali ÖVGÜN EMU Physics Department www.aovgun.com. February 16, 2020 Angular Momentum Torque using vectors Angular Momentum. February 16, 2020 The torque is the cross product of a force vector with the position vector to its point
Momentum: Unit 1 Notes Level 1: Introduction to Momentum The Definition Momentum is a word we sometime use in everyday language. When we say someone has a lot of momentum, it means they are on a roll, difficult to stop, really moving forward. In physics, momentum means "mass in motion". The more mass an object has, the more momentum it has.
Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 3 Momentum and Impulse Momentum p mv »Momentum is a VECTOR Impulse I FDt » Impulse is just the
Momentum ANSWER KEY AP Review 1/29/2018 Momentum-1 Bertrand Momentum How hard it is to stop a moving object. Related to both mass and velocity. For one particle p mv For a system of multiple particles P p i m i v Units: N s or kg m/s Momentum is a vector! Problem: Momentum (1998) 43. The magnitude of the momentum of the
momentum is kg·m/s. Linear Momentum Linear momentum is defined as the product of a system's mass multiplied by its velocity: p mv. (8.2) Example 8.1Calculating Momentum: A Football Player and a Football (a) Calculate the momentum of a 110-kg football player running at 8.00 m/s. (b) Compare the player's momentum with the
1. Impulse and Momentum: You should understand impulse and linear momentum so you can: a. Relate mass, velocity, and linear momentum for a moving body, and calculate the total linear momentum of a system of bodies. Just use the good old momentum equation. b. Relate impulse to the change in linear momentum and the average force acting on a body.
