Describe Atomic Theory Explain - Ivy Hawn

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Warm-Up?Atomic TheoryLessonQuestionHow did the atomic theory develop and change?Lesson GoalsDescribe the development of theIdentify the scientists anddiscoveriesthatshaped the atomic theory.W2Katomic theory.Explain how the atomictheorychangedthroughout history.Words to KnowFill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary tohelp you.atomproportionchemicalcompound Edgenuity, Inc.smallest possible particle of an elementa comparison or relationship between two valuesany substance that has a specific element orcombination of atomsa pure substance that is made up of atoms of two ormore different elements1

Warm-UpAtomic TheoryMatter and EnergyMatter: has mass.takes up has specificspace (volume).propertiesthat allow for distinction.Energy: is force that can Edgenuity, Inc.initiatemotion or changes in matter.2

InstructionAtomic TheorySlide2Democritus (460 BCE–370 BCE)PROFILE Was a philosopher who believed in ideaswithoutexperimentationatoms Believed the universe consisted of empty space and(atomos) Thought atoms wereindivisible Thought of atoms assolidand thesamethroughoutJohn Dalton (1766–1844)PROFILE Presented a theory that was difficult to prove because atoms couldnot be observed Useddatadevise hisdirectlyfrom air pressure and water vapor experiments toatomic theory Believed all matter was made of Believed atoms could Edgenuity, Inc.notatomsbe created or destroyed3

InstructionAtomic TheorySlide4Dalton’s Atomic Theory Elementsare composed of identical atoms. Atoms of other elements arechemical reaction Acombinationsdifferent.is a rearrangement of the atoms into new.rearranges A reaction does not create or destroy atoms, it onlythem. Compoundsproportions Theare composed of two or more elements in fixed.ratioof atoms in a compound isfixedfor all samplesof the compound.7Words to KnowFill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary tohelp you.determineidentifyrecognize Edgenuity, Inc.to use clues or evidence to make atotodeterminefinddecisionwhat something isor locate using clues4

InstructionAtomic TheorySlide7Words to Knowchargehaving positive or negativeelectricalenergyassociated with the energy from the flow ofelectricelectronsan overall charge ofneutralzerodue to an equal amount ofpositive and negative chargesJ.J. Thomson (1856–1940)PROFILE Used cathode rayDeterminedtubesthe particle that produceselectric Discovered that atoms have charges. An object has acurrentchargewhen it has positive or negative electrical energy.8What if . . . Dalton and Thomson had a conversation about atomictheory? Dalton: Atoms are indivisible. Thomson: an atom is composed of individual parts that have differentcharges, one positive and one negative Dalton: Atoms are still the basic, smallest part of any element. Edgenuity, Inc.5

InstructionAtomic TheorySlide10Thomson’s “Plum Pudding” ModelThomson's results led to the proposal of a new atomic model, theplum puddingmodel. This model: showed electrons modifiedfloatingin a sea of positive charges.Dalton’s model (it was no longer a solid, indivisiblesphere). used clues torecognizethe existence ofelectrons. determined that the overall charge of an atom is neutral. Objects thatareneutralhave an overall charge of zero due to an equalamount of positive and negative charges. Edgenuity, Inc.6

InstructionAtomic TheorySlide10Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937)PROFILE Developed an experiment to Shot tiny,positivelya thin sheet of Detectedtestthe plum pudding modelcharged particles out of a particle gun, towardgold foilreflectedparticles at various anglesStream of particlesGold foilSlitDetecting screen Edgenuity, Inc.7

InstructionAtomic TheorySlide10Rutherford’s Orbital Atomic ModelBased on gold foilexperimentidentified , Rutherford’s model:the densenucleuswith protons (positiveparticles). used clues and evidence from his experiment to determine thatelectrons must “orbit” at some distance from the center.Label the nucleus “N.” Circle one electron.N15Words to KnowFill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary tohelp you.dischargeemissionpredictToguessor releasebased onevidencesuch as amathematical equation or model Edgenuity, Inc.8

InstructionAtomic TheorySlide15Words to Knowspecificenergy levelsexactor having a certain measured valueorbitsthat electrons may occupy around thenucleus of an atom that are associated with a specificamount ofenergyNiels Bohr (1885–1962)PROFILENiels Bohr used experimental data from emission, or discharge, and absorptionspectra of elements to shape his theory: Believed electrons occupy specific, or exact, Said energy levels arespecific distances Said there are specific amounts ofenergyenergy levelsfrom the nucleusthat are required tomove electrons to the next energy level Edgenuity, Inc.9

InstructionAtomic TheorySlide17Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961)PROFILE Modeled awaveequation that allowed scientists to identify theproperties of electrons as both a wave and a particle Believed electrons do not stay in a certain orbit, but can have apredictedzone around the nucleus (electron cloud) Believed the wave equation could predict theprobablelocationof an electron Edgenuity, Inc.10

Summary?LessonQuestionAtomic TheoryHow did the atomic theory develop and change?Answer(Sample answer) The atomic theory developed and changed due tothe contributions of scientists such as Dalton, Thomson,Rutherford, and Bohr.Slide2Review: Key ConceptHOW DID THE ATOMIC THEORY DEVELOP AND CHANGE?19261897SchrödingerThomson discoveredelectrons460 BC 1800 ADformulated thewave.19001803theory.200019201922Dalton presented hisatomicequation.1908RutherfordBohr earned the Nobelprize for his work onearned the Nobelprize in chemistry. 410thestructureof atoms.Democritus coined the term “atomos.” Edgenuity, Inc.11

SummaryAtomic TheoryUse this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson. Edgenuity, Inc.12

shaped the atomic theory. Warm-Up Lesson Question Lesson Goals Atomic Theory Words to Know Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you.? W 2K Describe the development of the . Explain how the atomic theory throughout history. How did the atomic theory

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