Net-Zero Energy Project Guide NET-ZERO ENERGY . - Doee

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Net-Zero Energy Project GuideNET-ZERO ENERGYPROJECT GUIDEA PROCESS FOR PLANNING, DESIGNING, CONSTRUCTING,AND OPERATING YOUR NEW NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDING.1

1Net-Zero Energy Project GuideNet-Zero Energy Project GuideIntroduction to Net-Zero Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Stakeholder Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Energy Goals and Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Team Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Finance and Incentives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Early Design/Pre-design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Integrated Design and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Project Hand-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Operation and Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13NZE Project Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14The Pearl, luxury apartments in Silver Spring, MD,owned and managed by The Tower CompaniesNZE buildings prioritize strategies thatreduce energy consumption, ensureoccupant comfort, increase operationalsavings, and extend the life ofmechanical and lighting systems.

Net-Zero Energy Project Guide2Net-Zero Energy Project GuideNet-zero energy is possible for many buildings and this NZE project guide canhelp you on the path to net-zero and ultra-low energy buildings.A net-zero energy (NZE) building is an extremely energyefficient building that is designed and operated to produceas much energy as it consumes over the course of theyear. An ultra-low energy building exemplifies many of thesame characteristics of NZE buildings, but may not haverenewable energy systems. NZE buildings are no longersolely demonstration projects and market outliers. ExistingNZE buildings including a wide-range of mainstream buildingand ownership types that reflect a universal trend towardNZE adoption.Building energy consumption accounts for 74% ofall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the District ofColumbia (the District). Mayor Bowser has pledged to makeWashington, D.C., carbon neutral and climate resilient by2050 and has recommitted to honoring the goals of theParis Climate Accord. In addition, the Sustainable DC Plan(the Plan) outlines a commitment to making the Districtthe healthiest, greenest, and most livable city in the UnitedStates. Specific goals in the Plan include: 50 percent reduction of district-wide energyconsumption 50 percent of district-wide energy fromrenewable sources 50 percent reduction of district-widecarbon emissionsThe Plan set targets to meet these goals by requiring NZEstandards for all new construction projects and all retrofitcommercial and multi-family buildings by 2026. The designand construction community must be equipped with theeducation and tools to achieve net-zero energy buildingsto meet these targets as they become energy code in thefuture. This guide can help those on the path to zero.Commercial new construction and major renovation projectsin the District must comply with the Green Building Act.NZE design is a compliance path for the Green Code as areAmerican Society of Heating and Refrigerating (ASHRAE)189.1, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED ) , Enterprise Green Communities, and the InternationalCode Council (ICC) 700 National Green Building Standard.A net-zero energy (NZE)building is an extremely energyefficient building that is designedand operated to produce as muchenergy as it consumes over thecourse of the year.NZE buildings prioritize strategies that reduce energyconsumption, ensure occupant comfort, increase operationalsavings, and extend the life of mechanical and lightingsystems. Given the technological and market advances in thelast several years, high performance and net-zero buildings donot always cost more to build than more traditionally designedbuildings. Cost-effectiveness is especially true when energyefficiency and integration of renewable energy systems isprioritized early in the design process.The steps to achieve NZE are different from a traditionalbuilding development process. This NZE Project Guideexplains those differences and provides a frameworkfor planning any NZE project. It provides resources andchecklists to inform a process of gaining stakeholdersupport, selecting a qualified design team, managing thedesign and construction process, occupying a NZE building,and verifying a NZE result.

3Net-Zero Energy Project GuideOne of the key ingredients to success indeveloping a NZE project is an internalchampion or someone who is fullycommitted to the NZE vision and goal.Discovery Elementary School Arlington, VACredit: VMDO ArchitectsStakeholder AwarenessOne of the key ingredients to success in developing aNZE project is an internal champion or someone who isfully committed to the NZE vision and goal. The championmay be the client, but it is often a staff member, schoolsuperintendent, architect, engineer, or other committedindividual. The NZE champion often raises awareness andeducates other stakeholders and decision- makers to gainwidespread support for a NZE project.The NZE Communications Toolkit (listed in the resources)identifies likely stakeholders, their drivers, and compellingmessages to build support for a NZE project. Buy-in fromother stakeholders may be important to gather during theprocess. Sharing case studies and factsheets may be helpfulto build momentum for NZE, as are tours of regional NZEbuildings. Resources below also include factsheets and acurrent list of NZE projects to assist.Sharing case studies andfactsheets is helpful to buildmomentum for NZE, as aretours of regional NZE buildings.Resources NZE Communications Toolkit NZE Frequently Asked Questions and Terminology NZE Case Studies The Vocabulary of NZE 2018 Getting to Zero List NZE Stakeholder Messaging

Net-Zero Energy Project GuideEnergy Goals and TargetsSuccessful NZE champions and project managers have clearenergy and sustainability goals for their project early, evenbefore design begins. Instead of “percent better than code”goals, NZE projects often use an absolute energy target—called an Energy Use Intensity (EUI) commonly expressedin kBtu/sf/yr. Energy targets vary slightly depending onbuilding type and climate. They are a fraction of the averagebuilding energy consumption as defined by CommercialBuilding Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). For example,CBECS 2012 states that an average site EUI for a mixed-useoffice building is 62 kBtu/sf/yr while a NZE mixed-use officebuilding is commonly between 18-24 kBtu/sf/yr, before onsite renewable energy.The NZE EUI range is based on existing NZE buildingsand energy modeling analysis for many building types.As a target, it encourages a design team to maximizebuilding energy efficiency. An EUI target should considerthe balance between optimized building energy efficiency,on-site renewable energy generation, and cost-effectiveness.Buildings with traditionally higher loads, (restaurants, grocerystores, labs, and hospitals) will find the NZE EUI rangemore difficult to achieve while lower energy load buildings(warehouses, single family residential, schools, offices) willbe able to achieve the target more easily. Resources inthis section include tables of typical site EUIs for commonbuilding types as well as low-energy targets as suggested bythe National Renewable Energy Lab and ASHRAE.An EUI target should considerthe balance between optimizedbuilding energy efficiency, on-siterenewable energy generation,and cost-effectiveness.The District, like the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),uses “source” EUI and accounts for the total amount of rawfuel that is required to operate the building. Source energyincorporates all transmission, delivery, and productionlosses, thereby enabling a holistic assessment of energyuse attributed to a building. Other lists state the “site” EUIwhich only accounts for the energy used within the propertyboundary and equates to the usage seen on a typical energybill. Use a rough calculation to compare the two: site energyis 1/3 of source energy.4Site energy is the total energy used within theproperty boundary.Source energy is the total amount of raw fuel requiredto operate the building. Source energy includes energylosses in transmission, delivery, and production.For a quick calculation, source energy is about 3times that of site energy.Beyond new construction, existing buildings offer manyopportunities for deep energy reduction and NZE. Bymeasuring the energy performance with benchmarkingtools like EnergyStar Portfolio Manager, single buildingand portfolio owners can better understand the EUIs oftheir buildings. This information can help establish energytargets for existing building energy reduction. Advancedbenchmarking tools, like the FirstView Software Tool, usesthis data to remotely diagnose both capital and operationalopportunities across the portfolio. This process can helptarget limited resources for a walkthrough audit on those withthe most potential for improvement.Another way to set energy targets is based on renewableenergy potential at the site. This is discussed further in theEarly Design/Pre-Design section.Resources Clean Energy DC Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey(CBECS) Energy Targets NREL Setting WholeBuilding Absolute Use Targets forthe K-12 School Retail and Health Care Sectors ASHRAE Standard 100-2015 Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings Table 7-2 EnergyStar Portfolio Manager FirstView

5Net-Zero Energy Project GuideTeam SelectionDesign and construction team commitment is essential forNZE project success. Owners should be clear about their NZEgoals in their Request for Proposals (RFP), Owners ProjectRequirements (OPR) and contract documents. OPRs becamepopular with LEED building commissioning but regardless ofcertification, developing an OPR before schematic design canprovide direct guidance from the owner to the design team,stating how they expect the building to perform.The design process is a series of choices. Prioritizing energyefficient performance early in the design process ensuresthat the project team will implement strategies that reinforcethat goal throughout the design process. When selectingthe team consideration should be given to the contractualapproach selected, whether it be design-build, design-bidbuild, lease-leaseback, integrated project delivery, or throughan energy service company. Each has its own unique setof benefits and drawbacks for a NZE project, as outlinedin NREL’s How to Guide for Energy Performance-BasedProcurement (see link in the resources).Just as many owners include LEED goals in their RFP aNZE goal can be added to the RFP. For example, the RFPmight request a LEED Gold building that achieves NZE or aparticular energy target, this puts teams on notice of the goaland encourages them to think about energy performanceeven before putting pen to paper.Design and construction teamcommitment is essential for NZEproject success.designed. During the team interviews, consider asking forinformation about sustainable design goals, predicted EUIs,and actual performance in completed projects. The NZEteam interview questions below offer examples of questionsfor the prospective design teams to gauge their experienceand fit for the project.Another tool in the team selection and contracting process iscalled the OPR. The OPR define project goals, the buildingprogram, operational parameters, sustainability and energygoals, and financial expectations. Most of the time OPRare done in layman’s terms for individual building projects.However, NZE OPR can be more sophisticated and candetail the requirements of envelope; lighting, heating, cooling,and ventilation; hot water; controls; and other energy usingsystems. OPRs should be clear about specific programmaticrequirements, operational patterns and schedules, plug loadassumptions, and other activities in the building that influencethe energy consumption. “Template” language in an OPR canbe modified for individual projects, and teams should carefullytrack changes over time.Once a team has been selected, and they are committedto a NZE result, consider incorporating an EUI target rangeinto the contract documents. This “performance-basedprocurement” approach sets a clear expectation with thedesign team and the building occupants on how the buildingshould perform once it is occupied.Resources DC DGS NZE Elementary School RFP Fort Carson Example RFP SFUSD Project Requirements How to Guide for Energy Performance-BasedProcurement, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryAlthough not all teams have NZE experience, those thatare committed to low-energy buildings should know thedesign and operating EUI of other buildings that they haveExample NZE Team Questions: What architectural, engineering, and constructionprinciples do you suggest to reach NZEperformance?What tools or processes do you use whenestimating energy consumption? Are you aware of grants and incentives that maybe available for the project? When do you consider them in the designprocess? Have you stayed involved with previous projectsafter they were occupied? If so, how? How are your past NZE or low-energy-usebuildings performing? What are their EUIs? Whathave you learned from these buildings? How would you work with us during building operation to resolve a higher-than-designed EUI?

Net-Zero Energy Project GuideFinance and IncentivesResearch shows that NZE buildings have been built with littleto no increased cost.1 Other studies suggest that net-zeroenergy is a cost-effective investment.2 Early planning andthoughtful design are key to managing costs in NZE building.Success in NZE buildings requires a committed team, aspecific energy goal, and integrated building system designand attention to ongoing operations. Integrated buildingsystem design uses a whole building approach to maximizeenergy savings. For example, a tight building envelopedecreases the need for heating and cooling system, andallows for a smaller capacity system. This can reduce firstcosts as well as ongoing energy costs.NZE teams manage construction costs with carefully integratedsystems and then serve the remaining loads with renewableenergy. These energy and financial cost control strategiesalong with financial incentives are key to making the businesscase for NZE, as outlined in by the National Renewable EnergyLab in their Cost Control Best Practices for NZE study.Energy efficient and NZE buildings can unlock financialincentives not available to other projects. Sources ofadditional funding may include utility energy efficiencyprograms, community solar programs, tax credits, lowinterest loans, or commercial Property Assessed CleanEnergy (PACE). Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC)programs provide non-competitive 4% Low Income HousingTax Credits to affordable housing developers.Commercial PACE is a mechanism for energy efficiencyand renewable energy financing. PACE allows local andstate governments to fund the up-front cost of energyimprovements on commercial properties and allow repaymentby the property owners over time as part of the tax bill. PACEprograms address an owner’s need to finance large upfrontcosts and allows the cost of the investment to transfer withthe property owner. Two regionally available PACE programs,Mid-Atlantic PACE Alliance (MAPA) and DC PACE areincluded in the resources section.1 gy-buildings-cost-study/2 rgy efficient and NZE buildings canunlock financial incentives not availableto other projects.The Pearl, luxury apartments in Silver Spring, MD,owned and managed by The Tower Companies6

7Net-Zero Energy Project GuideNZE design is a compliancepath for the Green Code.Utilities are one important source of funding for NZE projects.The Database of State Incentives for Renewables andEfficiency (DSIRE) database can help identify policies,tax credits, and financial incentives. In the District, DCSustainable Energy Utility (DCSEU) offers rebates on lighting,motors, HVAC, refrigeration, and food service and vending.Utility programs must be involved early in design in order toqualify for financial incentives.The District has among the highest financial benefits forsolar of any jurisdiction in the US. The Renewable PortfolioStandard (RPS) Expansion Amendment Act, promotesrenewable energy and set a required percentage ofrenewable energy. To meet the RPS the district must supply50% renewable energy and 5% solar by 2032.Community solar allows community members theopportunity to share the benefits of solar power even if theycannot or prefer not to install solar panels on their property.Individuals or businesses subscribe to a community solarproject and get credit on their electric bill for the solar energygenerated off-site. A renewable energy project can apply tobecome a community renewable energy facility (CREF) andsell their credits to provide solar to others in the community.Solar installations have other financial incentives. Thefederal government currently provides a 30% tax creditfor renewable energy (including photovoltaics, wind,geothermal). The credit is available through 2019 (reducingto 26% in 2020, 22% in 2021, and 10% in 2022). Publicbuildings and schools may need to partner with a taxDPR Office Reston, VACredit: Hoachlander Davis Photography.paying entity through a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) inorder to capture these benefits. (Caution, PPAs may createcomplications with Renewable Energy Certificates as theUS Department of Energy explains in the Federal On-SiteRenewable Power Purchase Agreements.)Non-financial incentives may include height bonuses (andother structural or zoning incentives), tax abatement, andexpedited permitting. Incentives constantly evolve so everyproject team should investigate the opportunities to captureas many as possible.Resources NREL Cost Control Best Practices for Net Zero EnergyBuilding Projects DC Green Code DC Sustainable Energy Utility Pepco Community Energy Solar for All DSIRE Federal solar tax credits DC Green Bank Accelerating the Commercial PACE Market Mid-Atlantic PACE Alliance DC PACE B21-0650 - Renewable Portfolio Standard ExpansionAmendment Act of 2016 Community Renewal Act of 2013 Green Building Act of 2006 Renewable Energy Development Fund

Net-Zero Energy Project GuideEarly Design/Pre-designAn integrated design charrette is essential to align the NZEvision among all stakeholders. A charrette is an interactive,facilitated discussion where relevant team members,including owners, architects, engineers, contractors, buildingoccupants, and facility maintenance staff, review priorities andagree on shared project goals. Time on the agenda shouldallow for a focused discussion about achieving NZE andenergy targets.The Integrated Design Charrette Toolkit includes anexplanation of the charrette process, a list of suggestedcharrette participants, planning checklists, sample agendas,presentations, and reports for the team to use and modifyas necessary.Early design is also theappropriate time for the designteam to calculate the solarpotential on the site.Integrated design charrettes build consensus, streamline thedesign process, and set the team up for success. Charrettesare most effective when they happen early in

Net-Zero Energy Project Guide 2 A net-zero energy (NZE) building is an extremely energy efficient building that is designed and operated to produce as much energy as it consumes over the course of the year. An ultra-low energy building exemplifies many of the same characteristics of NZE buildings, but may not have renewable energy systems.

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