Kentucky Fruit Facts - Uky.edu
Kentucky Fruit FactsJune-July Newsletter actsJohn Strang, Extension Fruit Specialist, EditorDaniel Becker, Extension Associate, EditorDenise Stephens, Newsletter DesignerInside this Issue:Fruit Crop News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Upcoming Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Huber Orchard Winery Tour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Potential IQF Berry Processing for Growers in IN,OH, PA, VA, WV and KY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Webinar Series to offer Insights into Marketing,Farm Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32017 Census of Agriculture: KentuckyProduce Snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Insecticide and Miticide Update for Fruit Crops. . . 5News Release- USDA Accepting Applications to HelpCover Producers’ Costs for OrganicCertification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5An IPM Scouting Guide for Common Problems ofGrape in Kentucky Newly Released . . . . . . . . 6New Resource: Recordkeeping Manual for PrivatePesticide Applicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Asian Longhorn Tick Confirmed in Kentucky. . . . . . 7Receiving Fruit Facts on the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8pears look good. Peach growers are generally lookingat full crops, but the crop varies between varieties.Some varieties like Contender required heavythinning, while varieties such as Messina did notneed thinning or have light crops. There seems to bea correlation between peach trees with light crops andwinter injury or wet sites in western Kentucky. Mostblueberry and blackberry growers also have full crops.However, I talked with one grower in Metcalf countythat estimated that he had a 50 percent blueberry crop.On April 1 the Mesonet stations in Pulaski, Metcalfeand Warren counties recorded temperatures rangingfrom 24.8 to 26.6 F and this area of the state beingmore advanced in floral development lost some flowerbuds.Fruit Crop NewsWe have completed strawberry harvest andJohn Strang, U.K. Extension Horticulturistthe crop varied widely between growers, Figure 1. Insouthern areas exposed to the April 1 freeze floatingWe are well into blueberry harvest and thethornless erect blackberries are beginning to fruit. The row covers were a necessity. The frequent rainshowers hindered u-pick harvest in both plasticulture‘Natchez’ thornless erect variety, one of the earliestand matted row plantings. Fruit disease was a problemof this blackberry type to fruit is featured in ourand substantially shortened the harvest season formasthead photo. This is a very large blackberry andsome growers. Anthracnose crown rot was noted ineasily attracts the attention of consumers. However,western Kentucky where plants were not producedour cloudy/rainy weather has not been helpful for thefrom disease free Canadian tips. Strawberry flavor wasdevelopment of high sugar levels.Most growers across the state have 100 percent surprisingly good this season.Dr. Bessin reported that spotted wingapple crops. Our orchard in Lexington has a very lightdrosophila(SWD) was captured in one westerncrop on a number of varieties and full crop on others.Kentucky county the week of June 9th. Thus smallThis is true for several orchards in central Kentuckyfruit growers (raspberry, blackberry and blueberry)possibly due to some over cropping in 2018 and weshould begin monitoring SWD traps to determinethink poor pollination conditions due to rain thiswhen to begin protective sprays during harvest. Ricspring. We are seeing surprising low levels of fireblight in orchards despite the high infection potentials has noted previously wide variations in the detectionduring bloom. Pear crops for both European and Asian of SWD between farms even in the same county.
You are warmly welcomed to join us for thesummer meeting of the Indiana Horticultural Society,held in conjunction with the Indiana VegetableGrowers’ Association. It will be held Tuesday June25 at Huber Orchard and Winery, in Starlight, IN.Huber’s is one of the largest and best agri-tourismdestinations in the Midwest. The meeting will focus oncommercial production of fruits and vegetables, andfarm marketing. All those interested are welcome toattend.The history of Huber Orchard and Winerybegan when Simon Huber emigrated from Germanyin 1843 and settled in Starlight, Indiana. One branchof the family now operates Huber Orchard andFigure 1. Flavorfest strawberry from 2019 U.K. matted row trials Winery. While farming operations started in 1932,in Lexington.it wasn’t until the 1960s that the transition to directfarm marketing took place. Huber’s is now one of thepremier farm market destinations in the Midwest.Growers with smaller plantings may choose to use aThe owners, cousins Greg and Ted Huber, arefine meshed netting to cover crops.the 6th generation of Huber’s to run the farm and the8th generation are currently being raised on the farm.For many years Greg has run the field operations,but his son AJ is now assuming this responsibility.Upcoming MeetingsGreg’s wife Jan and daughter Marcie take care of bookAll times EST unless notedkeeping and administration, and daughter Allie runsPlantation Hall events. Ted is the wine maker and runsJune 25, Huber Orchard and Winery Tour,19816 Huber Rd., Starlight, IN 47106. Huber Orchard all winery operations including distilling, and his sonChristian has recently returned to the operation fulland Winery are located just north of Louisville.time and is involved in wine making and distilling.This is one of the best examples of production andwhile Ted’s wife Dana coordinates distribution andagritourism in the Midwest and well worth your timepublic relations. This is indeed a family owned andto attend. Program and registration information areoperated business.below.Huber Orchard and Winery comprises aboutJuly 28-31, Northern Nut Growers700acres,with about 80 acres of grapes (mostly wineAssociation (NNGA) and North American Fruitgrapes but also a few seedless), 50 acres of apples,Explorers (NAFEX) Conference, Iowa City, IA.30 acres of peaches, 8 acres of blackberries, 25 acresHotel and registration information may be found nce/ of strawberries, 100 acres of vegetables such asJan. 6-7, 2020 Kentucky Fruit and Vegetable sweetcorn, green beans and tomatoes, with a further80 acres of pumpkins and gourds. Christmas trees takeConference, Embassy Suites Hotel, 1801 Newtownup another 30 acres or so. Most crops are sold U-pickPike, Lexington, KY 40511. Contact John StrangOffice phone: 859-257-5685; Email: jstrang@uky.edu and all is sold on the farm. Excess fruit is used in thewinery for the production of fruit wines, infusions andother winery products. At the peak of the fall season,Huber Orchard and Winery Tourover 300 employees are needed to help with the19816 Huber Road,various operations on the farm. While the fall is theirStarlight, IN 47106busiest time, they are also looking at expanding theirseason with blueberries, strawberries, music, weddingsAlternatively, directions are available on Huber’sand corporate events.website: https://www.huberwinery.com/hoursdirections/2
Prior to our last Indiana Hort. Society summervisit to Huber’s in 2012, they have purchased someadditional land to provide for expansion and moreflexibility with plantings and operations. The othermajor development is their distillery, that was openedin 2014. They now grow a number of grain cropsthat are used for the distilling operation. The Huber’shave focused on diversification and value-addedproducts. For example, not only do they grow applesand sell them fresh, but they make apple cider, applebutter, apple wine, and apple brandy. Speaking ofapples, the Huber’s mostly grow Golden Delicious,Gala, Winesap and Fuji, although GoldRush is alsobecoming quite popular. They recently planted someEvercrisp so are interested to see how they perform.Banquets of up to 1000 people can be heldon-site for weddings, corporate picnics, and specialevents. All catering is done in-house. They also offerschool tours and have a 30 acre children’s farm park.The farm market is open year-round with bakeryitems and wine available over the winter. The havereconfigured their children’s zoo and it is now aChildren’s Farm Park, with miniature tractors andvarious activities for the little ones.While Huber Orchard and Winery is on amuch larger scale than many of the orchards andfarm markets in the state, all growers are likely tolearn useful information during our tour. Their focuson the customer and providing exceptional customerservice is applicable, not matter what the size of theoperation. For more information, visit their webpage:http://www.huberwinery.com/4:00 p.m.Wrap up and concludeOptional winery and distillery tour forthose interestedRegistrationA registration fee of 5.00 per family or farm ispayable at registration.LunchA catered lunch will be served onsite. Thiswill most likely be fried chicken with vegetablesand drinks. There is a 10/person charge for lunch,collected onsite. Please go to the following websiteto RSVP so we can plan for the right amount offood: https://purdue.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV 6oqUlioijOUNb0xPotential IQF Berry Processing for Growersin IN, OH, PA, VA, WV and KYNorth American Raspberry & BlackberryAssociation member, Trellis Growing Systemsrecently won a USDA-AMS Local Foods PromotionProgram grant to do a feasibility study for an IQF(individually quick frozen) processing facility toservice Midwest berry growers. The facility wouldbe in Circleville, OH. They have created a surveythrough PollDaddy to try to determine grower interest,berry volumes, pricing, etc.If you are a grower in Indiana, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, or Kentucky,please take their survey! west-berriesSchedule (subject to change)(all Eastern Daylight Time):Tuesday, June 259:30 a.m.Convene and registration at HuberOrchard and Winery.10:00 a.m. Introductions, brief walking tour offacilities – winery, market, ice creamstore, banquet hall10:30 a.m. Field tour - apples11:45 p.m. Lunch - 10 – RSVP requested(see below)1:00 p.m.Field tours – peaches, vegetables,small fruitWebinar Series to offer Insights intoMarketing, Farm ManagementFrom the Center for Profitable Agriculture7 Habits for Effective Farmers, a webinarseries hosted by Tennessee’s Center for ProfitableAgriculture, will cover a variety of topics related toeffective farm business management, marketing andplanning. This free webinar series, which will beheld the first Wednesday of each month from Maythrough November, will benefit direct farm marketers,3
value-added agriculture entrepreneurs and agritourismoperators. Webinars, which feature speakers fromUniversity of Tennessee Extension, the UT Instituteof Agriculture, the Center for Profitable Agriculture,and the University of Kentucky, will cover suchtopics as Business Planning and Recordkeeping,Budgeting, Evaluating Financial Health, ProductionRisk Management, Goal Setting and Marketing,Farm Safety and Stress Management, and SuccessionPlanning. The one hour webinars will begin at noonEastern time, 11 a.m. Central.Click here for additional information aboutthe webinars. To receive links to the webinar sessions,register online at https://utk.questionpro.com/a/TakeSurvey?tt O0wN/agD6fE%3D. Contact IrisCui at xcui10@utk.edu or 931-648-5725 if you havequestions.The webinars are brought to you by the Centerfor Profitable Agriculture, Tennessee Farm Bureau,Southern Extension Risk Management Education, andthe USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.This material is based upon work supported by USDA/NIFA under Award Number 2018-70027-28585.2017 Census of Agriculture: KentuckyProduce SnapshotBy Matt Ernst, independent writerThe USDA in April released the 2017 Censusof Agriculture results, and the data on produce acreagereflects on-farm realities for specialty crop growers inKentucky and beyond.The census results show many trends continuein U.S. agriculture: fewer total farms; farm productionvalue increasing among larger farms; increasing ageof farm operators; and fewer farms “in the middle,” interms of both farm size and value of sales.Other trends shown in the census data arewell-known to specialty crop growers. Nationally, onein four farms is operated by a beginning farmer withless than 10 years in farming. These farms are smaller,producing less market value than the average farm,and may be more likely to have a female named as theprimary operator.Small farms also tend to sell products direct to4consumers and institutions. Sales direct to consumersreached nearly 3 billion in 2017, with sales toinstitutions and retailers exceeding 10 billion,according to USDA.National totals for field vegetable productionshow how farms in “the middle” continue to decline,the gap widening between very small farms and verylarge farms.The number of farms with a vegetable harvestrose 3 percent nationally from 2012 to 2017; however,the area of vegetables harvested from fields declined,from 4.49 million acres to 4.37 million acres.The reason? More very small vegetable farmsand consolidation of very large vegetable farms.Farms harvesting less than 5 acres went from 46,794in 2012 to 50,814 in 2017. Farms harvesting 1,000 ormore acres of vegetables declined from 910 to 845.Kentucky bucked that trend, as theCommonwealth’s total field vegetable acreageincreased from 7,196 acres in 2012 to 8,320 in 2017.Vegetables grown under protection(greenhouse and high tunnel) also increased. The totalvalue of vegetables grown under protection increasednearly 1.5 million from 2012 to 2017, with 165 newoperations. That makes sense, given the number ofnew high tunnels established across Kentucky since2012.Census data also show Kentucky growinga more diverse vegetable mix. Acreage was steadyto declining for standbys like melons, sweet corn,cucumbers, pumpkins and tomatoes. But totalvegetable acreage increased. Two reasons for theincrease: 1) acreage rebounds in peppers (both belland chile) and squash (both summer and winter); and2) big increases in crops with 75 or fewer total acres.The list of these “smaller” crops reads like aWho’s Who of crops that are important for growersselling direct through farmers’ markets, CSAs anddirect-to-institution: head and leaf lettuce, broccoli,onions, sweet potatoes, greens and spinach, eggplant,carrots, beets, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, garlic,radishes and fresh cut herbs. These crops, combined,increased from 304 harvested acres in 2012 to nearly800 acres in 2017.Fruit acreage is another sign of continueddiversification among Kentucky’s produce growers, asfruit production increased both in acreage totals andthe number of operations. Apple acreage continued todecline, as it has since the 1980s; but other tree fruits
and berries are on the rise. The biggest fruit boostcame in orchards with less than 5 acres.The USDA National Agricultural StatisticsService has a new online portal making it easier tofind data from the Census of Agriculture this year. It isavailable at https://www.nass.usda.gov/Exirel is now allowed on raspberries and othercaneberries, as shown on a supplemental label fromNovember 2018. Use on caneberries is with a 1-daypre-harvest interval, for control of spotted-wingdrosophila and adult root weevils. Exirel is from FMC,contains cyantraniliprole as the active ingredient, inIRAC group 28.Kentucky Fruits and Vegetables:By the NumbersYear andAcreage2017201220071997Vegetables protected,sq. ft)3,3423,0923,8614,102900866772n/a56562661896PQZ is a new insecticide product from NichinoAmerica that has been registered since 2018 butwas missed in our earlier updates. PQZ containspyrifluquinazon as the active ingredient. It is inIRAC group 9B. It controls aphids, whiteflies, andleafhoppers, and is allowed for use on pome fruit,stone fruit, and grapes.Magister SC Miticide from Gowan Company is nowregistered for use on many specialty crops. Althoughit is called a miticide because it controls spider mitesand rust mites, it also controls some insects (psyllidsand whiteflies), and powdery mildew on some crops.The active ingredient is fenazaquin. It is in mode-ofaction group as a miticide is 21A, the same group thatcontains Nexter, Portal, Torac, and Apta. Magisterkills mite eggs by contact, and kills mite adults andimmatures by contact and ingestion. For fungicidalactivity, it is in FRAC group 39. Magister is highlytoxic to bees, so care must be taken to not spray it onblooming crops or weeds. Small fruit crops now on thelabel are blueberries (7-day PHI), caneberries (7-dayPHI), strawberries (1-day PHI), and grapes (7-dayPHI). Tree fruit crops now on the label are pome fruit(7-day PHI) and stone fruit (3-day PHI). Hops are alsoon the label (7-day PHI). The label specifies a limit ofone application per year on each crop, and a 12-hourre-entry interval. The rates are 24-36 or 32-36 fl oz peracre, depending on crop.1,483,286 954,291 498,218 n/aInsecticide and Miticide Update for FruitCropsExcerpted from an article by Dr. Celeste Welty, ExtensionEntomologist, Ohio State University (614-292-2803;welty.1@osu.edu) Ohio VegNet News https://u.osu.edu/vegnetnewsThe following information is from The OhioState University VegNet Newsletter (April 24, 2019 &May 4, 2019)News Release- USDA AcceptingApplications to Help Cover Producers’Costs for Organic CertificationApta from Nichino America contains tolfenpyrad asthe active ingredient; IRAC’s mode-of-action group21A. Since February 2019, new crops on supplementallabels for Apta are strawberry and other low growingberries, raspberries and other caneberries, andblueberries and other bushberries. Apta controls thrips,plum curculio, fruitworms, Lygus (tarnished plantbug), and suppresses spotted-wing Drosophila.By Dr. Peter M Hirst, Purdue University, Professor ofHorticulture, hirst@purdue.eduNews Release WASHINGTON, May 6,2019 – USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA)announced that organic producers and handlers5
An IPM Scouting Guide for CommonProblems of Grape in Kentucky NewlyReleasedcan apply for federal funds to assist with the costof receiving and maintaining organic certificationthrough the Organic Certification Cost Share Program(OCCSP). Applications for fiscal 2019 funding aredue Oct. 31, 2019. “Producers can visit their localFSA county offices to apply for up to 75 percentof the cost of organic certification,” said FSAAdministrator Richard Fordyce. “This also givesorganic producers an opportunity to learn aboutother valuable USDA resources, like farm loans andconservation assistance, that can help them succeed.Organic producers can take advantage of a varietyof USDA programs from help with field buffers toroutine operating expenses to storage and handlingequipment.” OCCSP received continued supportthrough the 2018 Farm Bill. It provides cost-shareassistance to producers and handlers of agriculturalproducts for the costs of obtaining or maintainingorganic certification under the USDA’s NationalOrganic Program. Eligible producers include anycertified producers or handlers who have paid organiccertification fees to a USDA-accredited certifyingagent. Eligible expenses for cost-share reimbursementinclude application fees, inspection costs, feesrelated to equivalency agreement and arrangementrequirements, travel expenses for inspectors, user fees,sales assessments and postage. Certified producers andhandlers are eligible to receive reimbursement for upto 75 percent of certification costs each year, up to amaximum of 750 per certification scope, includingcrops, livestock, wild crops, handling and state organicprogram fees. Opportunities for State AgenciesToday’s announcement also includes the opportunityfor state agencies to apply for grant agreements toadminister the OCCSP program in fiscal 2019. Stateagencies that establish agreements for fiscal year2019 may be able to extend their agreements andreceive additional funds to administer the program infuture years. FSA will accept applications from stateagencies for fiscal year 2019 funding for cost-shareassistance through May 29, 2019. More InformationTo learn more about organic certification cost share,please visit the OCCSP webpage view the notice offunds availability on the Federal Register, or contactyour FSA county office. To learn more about USDAsupport for organic agriculture, visit https://www.usda.gov/topics/organic.A new IPM guide covering grapes (Figure2) has recently been completed and is posted on theUniversity of Kentucky site at: pdf Printed copieswill follow shortly and should be available throughlocal County Cooperative Extension Offices. Thisguide like the apple, bramble and strawberry guideshas a heavy emphasis on photographs and is intendedto help growers identify common disease, insect,weed, wildlife and abiotic problems as well as providemanagement information. The next IPM guide in thisseries will center on peaches.Figure 2. An IPM Guide for Common Problems ofGrape in KentuckyNew Resource: Recordkeeping Manual forPrivate Pesticide ApplicatorsBy Dr. Emily Pfeufer, U.K. Extension Plant Pathologist,and Dr. Ric Bessin, U.K. Extension Entomologist Posted onApril 30, 2019An updated Recordkeeping Manual for PrivatePesticide Applicators in Kentucky is now available6
online or linked through the University of KentuckyPesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP - ducationprogram-psep) webpage (look under ‘Info for CertifiedPrivate Applicators’).Safety is emphasized in this update, withspace allotted for Worker Protection Standards (WPS)training records, updated respirator fitting records,important phone numbers for pesticide applicators,and numerous comprehensive pesticide record forms.A step-by-step sprayer calibration worksheet andvolume and weight equivalents are also included tohelp make the manual an essential part of Kentuckyfarm operations. In addition to the electronic versionlinked above, hard copies are available through anyCounty Extension Office in Kentucky.This new tick is significant due to its wide hostrange (which includes domestic and wild animals),its proficiency in developing heavy infestations onanimals, and its ability to serve as a potential vectorof bacterial and viral diseases of animals. So far, therehave been no confirmed pathogens transmitted fromthis tick in North American, but that could change.The Northeast Regional Center for Excellencein Vector-Borne Diseases (NEVBD) has a greatinformational website.We would encourage you to submit suspectedticks to your local Extension office for identification.Managing Voles in BlueberriesBy Chris Smigell, Extension Associate for Small Fruit andVegetablesAsian Longhorn Tick Confirmed inKentuckyUniversity of Kentucky HorticultureExtension Associate Chris Smigell demonstrates theproper management of voles in the production ofblueberries in a new video from the UK Department ofHorticulture. The video is available online at https://youtu.be/WvFJobCKo8M. For more information onthis topic, contact your county’s extension program.Production of this video received support from theKentucky Agricultural Development Fund via a grantfrom the Kentucky Horticulture Council.By Dr. Ric Bessin, U.K. Extension Entomologist Posted onMay 7, 2019The first confirmed detection of Asianlonghorn tick in Kentucky occurred on July 15, 2018;the tick was collected from a research elk in MartinCounty. This was both a new state record and a newhost record for this invasive tick.FRUIT HUMORnded arsdat iWh up ansgoe n?dowFigure 3. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC)has a fact sheet to help with identification of Asianlonghorned ticks, as well as providing information onhow to protect yourself, -P.pdf.7A strawberry inan elevator!
Receiving Fruit Facts on the InternetBy subscribing to the email notification service youwill receive an email announcement when each newissue is posted on the web with a link.You should receive confirmation by return email. Ifyou have a problem, or if you wish to communicatewith a person about “fruitfacts”, the owner’s address(the TO: line of the message) is: owner-ky-fruitfacts@lsv.uky.eduTo subscribe, send an email it Factssubscribe KY-FRUITFACTSFollowed by a blank lineOR to unsubscribe, the lines:signoff KY-FRUITFACTSFollowed by a blank lineCooperative Extension ServiceUniversity of KentuckyHorticulture DepartmentN-318 Ag. Science Ctr. No.Lexington KY 40546-0091
Our orchard in Lexington has a very light . Embassy Suites Hotel, 1801 Newtown Pike, Lexington, KY 40511. Contact John Strang Office phone: 859-257-5685; Email: jstrang@uky.edu . WV and KY North American Raspberry & Blackberry Association member, Trellis Growing Systems recently won a USDA-AMS Local Foods Promotion Program grant to do a .
Manufacturing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA, and also with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA (e-mail: qiyue.wang@uky.edu; wenhua.jiao@uky.edu; rui.yu@uky.edu; yuming.zhang@uky.edu). M. T.
176 Raymond Building Lexington KY 40506 859.257.6898 www.ktc.uky.edu KENTUCKY Kentucky Kentucky Transportation Center College of Engineering, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky in cooperation with Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Commonwealth of Kentucky The Kentucky Transportation Center is committed to a policy of providing .Author: Victoria Lasley, Steven Waddle, Tim Taylor, Roy E. Sturgill
176 Raymond Building Lexington KY 40506 859.257.6898 www.ktc.uky.edu KENTUCKY Kentucky Kentucky Transportation Center College of Engineering, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky in cooperation with Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Commonwealth of Kentucky The Kentucky Transp
Monitoring Fruit Maturity: When color just begins to show along the suture, fruit should be mature in roughly 30 days. Begin measuring fruit internal pressure once fruit shows color. Warmer weather slows fruit maturity; cooler weather faster fruit maturity. Fruit lose 1 to 2 lbs fruit pressure per week and are mature at 3 - 4 lbs internal .
The following Fact Fluency Card labels are included in this pack: 1. Plus One Facts 2. Plus Two Facts 3. Plus Three Facts 4. Minus One Facts 5. Minus Two Facts 6. Minus Three Facts 7. Facts of Five 8. Doubles Facts (Addition) 9. Doubles Facts (Subtraction) 10. Near Doubles Facts (e.g. 6 7 6 6 1 12 1 13) 11. Facts of Ten: Addition 12.
Embassy Suites Hotel 1801 Newtown Pike Lexington, Kentucky 40511 (859) 455-5000 FAX (859) 455-5122 Reservations: 800-EMBASSY KENTUCKY STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 163rd Annual Meeting KENTUCKY VEGETABLE GROWERS ASSOCIATION 48th Annual Meeting ORGANIC ASSOCIATION OF KENTUCKY KENTUCKY WINE ASSOCIATION and KENTUCKY
The fruit of Silence is Prayer. The fruit of Prayer is Faith. The fruit of Faith is Love. The fruit of Love is Service. The fruit of Service is Peace. These five lines were written on St. Teresa of Calcutta's business cards. The card didn't have her name or the Missionaries of Charity written on it, just these simple words. On the back of the .
accounting and bookkeeping principles, practices, concepts and methods featured in the unit and there was good evidence of preparation and practice with regard to structure, format and presentation of accounting data and information among the sound financial statements, double-entry bookkeeping and cash budgets submitted. That said, this is not a unit solely of numbers or arithmetic and there .
