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A Training Manual for Health Workerson Healthy Lifestyle: An Approachfor the Prevention and Control ofNoncommunicable DiseasesTrainer’sGuide2009 Revised Edition

World Health Organization andDepartment of Health, Philippines 2009This publication is a revised edition of the Training Manual for Health Workers on PromotingHealthy Lifestyles released in 2003. All rights reserved. Adaptation to other countries or regionswill require inclusion of the national or international guidelines that are appropriate in the newcontext. The document, however, may be freely reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced, ortranslated in part or in whole, provided that such is not done in, for, or in conjunction withcommercial purposes and provided that, if it is intended to translate or reproduce the entirework, or substantial portions thereof,prior applications is made to the Copyright owners.ii

ForewordNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now the leading killers worldwide. Sixty percent of all deaths in the world arecaused by NCDs. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease are rising as a result of a globalepidemic of smoking, unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol, and physical inactivity. These diseases cut productivity soinsidiously and drain family resources so thoroughly, that they have become a major threat to the economic and socialdevelopment of developing countries.In the Philippines, six of the top ten causes of mortality are due to NCDs. Diseases of the heart and vascular systemare the top killers, comprising nearly one-third (31%) of all deaths. Other NCDs in the top list include malignantneoplasms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus, and kidney diseases.The NCD problem is likely to persist in the country as indicated by recent statistics that show a large number of Filipinoadults who continue to exhibit NCD risks. Consider the following prevalence as follows: 27% are overweight, 25% havehypertension, 5% have high blood sugar, 10 % have high total cholesterol level, and 48% of adult males are smokers.High levels of physical inactivity (more than 70%) is also reported. Alarmingly too, more and more children andadolescents are becoming exposed to overweight and obesity and other NCD risks.In the last twenty five years or so, much has been learned about the causes of NCDs, and many national and local initiativeshave been put in place. Since then, there have been good practices and models established, and some improvementsin prevalence of risk factors achieved. The WHO Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Controlof Noncommunicable Diseases (2008–2013) and the Western Pacific Regional Action Plan for NCDs have guidedPhilippines and other Member States in the fight against NCDs in recent years. But the challenges have remained, andthere is now a need to accelerate efforts and strengthen initiatives to dramatically reduce prevalence of NCDs and theirrisk factors in the country.The revised training manual on the integrated approach for the prevention and control of NCDs is envisioned to bean important capacity building tool for health care providers and health partners in their continuing mission on NCDprevention and control. WHO Philippines is happy to have supported the updating of said training manual. We remaincommitted to continually serve as technical partner of the country in reducing the magnitude of the NCD problem andcontributing to overall health and well-being of all Filipinos.Thank you and mabuhay!.Dr Soe Nyunt-UWHO Representative in the Philippinesiii

ForewordAs we all know, chronic lifestyle-related Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) such ascardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory and renal diseases, remain as globaland national epidemics. In the Philippines, these diseases are among the top ten leading causesof mortality and morbidity, including trauma from accidents and injuries, which bring seriousconsequences to individuals in particular and to country’s development in general.In response to the growing epidemic on NCDs, two demonstration projects in the municipalityof Pateros in Metro Manila and the province of Guimaras in Western Visayas implemented in2003 an integrated and community-based approach for the prevention and control of NCDs.Relative to this, series of trainings for public health workers in both demo sites and later onin other regions of the country were conducted focusing on key areas of primary prevention ofrisk factors and the major NCDs.Today, the call for promoting healthy lifestyle by reducing risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, poor dietand nutrition remains a challenge in both rural and urban settings, despite some improvements on the prevalenceof risk factors in some areas. Moreover, there is a need to understand the underlying social determinants caused byglobalization, urbanization and aging population to help reduce the prevalence of mortality and morbidity from NCDs.Along this context, the Department of Health recognizes and adopts the Plan of Action on NCD of the World HealthOrganization emphasizing the different interventions such as: (1) policy and regulatory interventions at the environmentallevel, (2) population-based lifestyle interventions at the level of common and intermediate risk factors; and (3) clinicalinterventions targeting high risk individuals at the level of disease.Hence, the DOH is happy to release this revised edition of the Training Manual for Health Workers on PromotingHealthy Lifestyle, now entitled, A Training Manual for Health Workers on Healthy Lifestyle: An Approach for thePrevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases. This manual is intended primarily for health workers namely:doctors, nurses, midwives and nutritionists in all public health facilities. It aims to guide them in addressing the risingtrend of NCDs throughout the country using holistic approach starting with proper risk assessment and screeningprocedures.Finally, it is hoped that this material will aid the health workers in efficiently implementing NCD Prevention andControl Program as one priority program of the Department.iv

PrefaceThe prevalence of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) continues to rise and promoting healthy lifestyle isvery much needed and relevant as ever. The last series of training on promoting healthy lifestyle have beenconducted five years ago (2004-2005). The first edition of the Training Manual for Health Workers onPromoting Healthy Lifestyles was developed in 2003 by the University of the Philippines Manila Collegeof Nursing commissioned by the Department of Health with funding from the World Health OrganizationWestern Pacific Regional Office (WHO-WPRO). The training manuals were used in training doctors, nursesand midwives in the two demonstration projects on NCD prevention and control: in the municipality ofPateros and the province of Guimaras. These manuals were also used in the National Training of Trainers andtraining of public health workers at the Regional Centers for Health and Development.Recently, there have been a lot of developments in the prevention and control of NCDs globally and locally.WHO WPRO developed a Regional Action Plan on NCD which utilizes a comprehensive approach to effectchange by doing advocacy, research, surveillance and evaluation, leadership, and health systems strengthening.DOH clarified the roles of the public health workers in the prevention and control of NCDs at the national,regional, municipal, and barangay levels. New evidence on what works to prevent and control major NCDsand their risk factors have strengthened programs on diet, physical activity and smoking cessation. With thegoal of renewing and updating the series of training for health workers on the prevention and control of NCDs,WHO Philippines and DOH commissioned the University of the Philippines Open University together withthe UP Manila College of Nursing to review the training curriculum in promoting healthy lifestyle and revisethe training manuals based on current needs assessment and scientific updates.In the process of revising the Training Manuals, several steps were conducted. A Round Table Discussion wasconducted among NCD coordinators at the Regional Centers for Health and Development to solicit theircomments on how the existing manuals could be revised based on their practical use in the community. Surveysand focus group discussions were also conducted in three cities in Metro Manila to gather more informationon how to improve the content of the manuals, the teaching-learning strategies and the actual conduct ofthe training. Content writers were then gathered in a workshop to update and reorganize the content in amore useful and practical way. Strategies for changing behaviour and creating supportive environment wereincorporated in the modules on promoting specific interventions such as: (1) promoting good nutrition andhealthy diet, (2) promoting physical activity, (3) promoting smoke-free individuals and reducing harm fromv

alcohol use, and (4) promoting mental health and wellness. Alcohol and mental health are the new topicsadded to the revised edition because of their significant contribution to the prevalence of major NCDs.The new set of Training Manual is now composed of six modules, namely: Module 1. Overview of Major Noncommunicable Diseases Module 2. Risk Factors Assessment and Screening Procedures Module 3. Promoting Good Nutrition and Healthy Diet Module 4. Promoting Physical Activity Module 5. Promoting Smoke-free Individuals and Reducing Harm from Alcohol Use Module 6. Promoting Mental Health and WellnessThe Trainer’s Guide is basically the same structure and format as the previous edition. This contains a prototype training schedule of four days. Suggested teaching and learning strategies are highly interactive usinga participatory and experiential approach which is consistent with principles of empowerment. Trainingoutcomes include development of skills in assessment of clients for risk factors, perform and interpret resultsof basic screening procedures, perform health education sessions on risk factor modification and promotinghealthy lifestyle and mobilizing communities.Prior to final design and layout of the training manuals, two batches of pre-testing were done involving DOHofficials and public health workers at the regional and local levels. Slide presentations were likewise developedand adapted to suit the local contexts.The Trainer’s Guide, Training Modules, Training Program and Slide Presentations comprise the complete setof training materials for the Training of Health Workers on the Integrated Approach to the Prevention andControl of NCDs. It is hoped that by giving this complete set to the regional and local health officials, thetraining of public health workers on the prevention and control of major NCDs will be more meaningful,standardized and successful.vi

EditorsSheila R. Bonito, RN, DrPHUniversity of the Philippines Open University (UPOU)Luz Barbara P. Dones, RN, MPHUniversity of the Philippines Manila College of Nursing (UPM-CN)ContributorsAraceli O. Balabagno, RN, PhD- UPM-CNSheila R. Bonito, RN, DrPH - UPOUFrances Prescilla L. Cuevas, RN, MAN – DOH-Degenerative Diseases Office (DOH-DDO)Luz Barbara P. Dones, RN, MPH – UPM-CNJohn Juliard Go, MD, MPH – World Health Organization PhilippinesLydia T. Manahan, RN, MAN – UPM-CNJenniffer Paguio, RN – UPM-CNJosefina A. Tuazon, RN, DrPH – UPM-CNBethel Buena Villarta, RN, DrPH – UPM-CNReviewersJacqueline Acosta – DOH HHRDBMa Elizabeth I. Caluag, MD – DOH-DDOFranklin C. Diza, MD – DOH-DDORachel Rowena R. Garcia - MD, DOH-CHD for Metro ManilaRemedios S. Guerrero – DOH-DDORosemarie P. Holandes, RND – DOH-DDONelson M. Mendoza – DOH-DDODinah P. Nadera, MD, Ms Epi - UPOURemedios V. Niola – DOH-DDODitas Purisima Raymundo – DOH-DDOAnthony R. Roda – DOH National Center for Health Promotion (DOH-NCHP)Ma. Blesilda Viorge - DOH NCHPAdministrative Support:Lucellie Barrion - DOH - DDONenita De Jesus - DOH - DDOJovanni Infante - DOH - DDOVivencia Martinez - DOH - NCDPCLina Yusuf - UP College of NursingLayout ArtistKatherine K. EstevesLogo DesignZando Esculturavii

Participants to the First Pretesting of the Training ManualCurrimao, Ilocos NorteNameOFFICE STATION1. Dr. Madeline J. RetutaCHD IMS IVILOCOSNurse IIPHO-Ilocos NorteHEPO II4. Dr. Elsie A. PintucanCHD IIMS III5. Sandra M. SangabCHD IINurse V6. Erlinda MaglanqueCHD IIINurse V7. Ramonico L. UsmanCHD IIINurse I2. Carmelita Genevieve P. Soliven3. Larisa C. Foronda8. Blesilda M. YapPHO-Zambales9. Ma. Theresa Y. MalubagCHD IV-AAdministrative Officer V10. Maria Sheila B. BerbanoCHD IV-AHEPO III11. John Elvin M. ElemiaCHD IV-AAA III12. Heizel VidalloPHO-CaviteProvincial Health OfficerCHD VMS II14. Marino A. AbogadoPHO-Camarines NorteHEPO II15. Melba T. Vera CruzCHD VNutritionist Dietitian IV16. Madel C. KhoCHD-NCRSI17. Dr. Rachel Rowena R. GarciaCHD-NCRMS III18. Dr. Ma. Luisa ParanCHD-CARMS III19. Teresita D. Foman-EgCHD-CARNurse V20. Dr. Annabelle P. YumangCHD-DavaoMS III13. Dr. Rey J. MillenaviiiDESIGNATION

NameOFFICE STATION21. Ma. Corazon S. MendezCHD- DavaoNurse V22. Chona G. DazonCHO-Davao CityNurse IV23. Dr. Jean V. ApolinaresPHO-Davao NorteNutritionist Dietitian III24. Dr. Regina M. BernabeCHO-Manila25. Dr. Ma. Dulce G. MacabudbudCHO-Manila26. Rammel M. MartinezMHO-Pateros27. Joyce P. ParcoMHO-Pateros28. Thelma D. ValdezPHO-La Union29. Karen A. MolinaPHO-Kalinga30. Ma. Visitacion S. SainganPHO-Benguet31. Dorothy GabonaPHO-Cagayan32. Czerina A. CandaPHO-Pampanga33. Ignacio B. Paguigan34. Vivian B. PaguioDESIGNATIONPHO-IsabelaPHO-Sorsogonix

Participants to the Second Pretesting of the Training ManualTagbilaran, BoholNamex1.Ralph Falculan2.Analiza F. Malayao3.OFFICE STATIONDESIGNATIONPHTO-RomblonDOH RepresentativeCHD4B –MIMAROPAAdministrative Aide VILuningning M. VendiolaPHTO-MindoroDOH Representative4.Dr. Aurora G. CampitaCHD4B-MIMAROPAMS III5.Dr. Judita T. TawataoCHD-Central VisayasMS III6.Emmalyn S. FernandezCHD-Central VisayasNurse III7.Milagros B. IsraelPHO-Bohol8.Leonidas L. SanielPHO-Bohol9.Elvira A. LanzaCHD-Eastern VisayasNurse V10.Daisy R. GorgoniaPHO-Eastern VisayasMed-Tech11.Josephine L. Dela FuertePHO-Northern SamarHEPO III12.Dr. Ma. Agnes Z. MaboloCHD-ZamboangaMS IV13.Ma. Victoria ArquizaCHD-ZamboangaNurse V14.Dr. Andresa C. BeñasCHD-Northern MindanaoMS III15.Lady Venus A. MaghanoyPHO-Lanao NorteHEPO I16.Perla B. DinlayanPHO-BukidnonHEPO II17.Agnes P. PajamutanPHO-Misamis OrientalNurse II18.Jenelyn Ellie P. VenturaCHD-SoccsksargenNurse III19.Dr. Leonora A. LozanaCHD-SoccsksargenMO IV20.Dr. Duvia D. TabugoCHD-SoccsksargenRHP/OIC21.Dr. Jane Y. LugoCARAGAMS22.Delma LegazpiCARAGANurse23.Noraida IbrahimARMMNurse V24.Manuel E. Dulay Jr.PHO-MaguindanaoRHP25.Edmiraldo S. WeePHO-SuluHEPO

Trainer’s GuideIntroductionTarget ParticipantsObjectives of the Training ProgramTraining OutcomesTraining Curriculum and Learning MethodsHow to Use the Training ManualSchedule of Training ActivitiesPrototype of Training ScheduleKey Messages and Notes for the TrainersInstructional PlansModule 1. Overview of Major Noncommunicable DiseasesModule 2. Risk Factors Assessment and Screening ProceduresModule 3. Promoting Healthy NutritionModule 4. Promoting Physical ActivityModule 5A. Promoting Smoke-free Individuals and EnvironmentModule 5B. Reducing Harm from Alcohol UseModule 6. Promoting Mental Health and WellnessAppendix:Pre-test / Post-test for Training ParticipantsDaily Evaluation SheetMODULE02456811121315272832567178848795105

MODULE0Trainer’s GuideI. IntroductionNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are considered a major public health concern worldwide. They accountfor 60 percent of total deaths globally (with 40 million deaths estimated occurring annually), and contributeto 40 percent of universal disease burden annually. It is projected that if no action is done in the present, theserates would increase to as high as 73 percent to total deaths and 60 percent to disease burden respectively by2020 (WHO, 2005).The prevalence of NCD continues to rise in the Philippines and promoting healthy lifestyle is very muchneeded and relevant as ever. More than half (58%) of total deaths in the country in 2003 were caused by NCDs.Diseases of the heart and vascular system made up almost one-third (30.2%) of all deaths (Philippine HealthStatistics, 2003). Other NCDs in the top list include malignant neoplasm, chronic obstructive pulmonarydiseases (COPD) and diabetes mellitus. NCDs have replaced the positions of infectious diseases particularlypneumonia and tuberculosis as top-most common causes of deaths.The burden of illness due to NCD is great and the cost of care is something that the country cannot afford. Thecost of diagnosis and treatment is generally beyond the resources of the average Filipino and the government’shealth budget is inadequate. There is an urgent need therefore to focus all efforts in promoting healthy lifestyleto avoid the major risk factors that cause these diseases.The common risk factors for the major NCDs, which include: smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity,hypercholesterolemia and unhealthy dietary practice can be prevented or modified early through behaviorchange and environmental support.Health workers, particularly those at the primary care level need to bereoriented and trained on integrating primary prevention of NCDs and promotion of healthy lifestyle in theirregular activities.In the past years, the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) has experienced that having a separateprogram for each major disease is expensive, not effective and inefficient. The costs of diagnosis, treatmentand rehabilitation of NCDs are expensive. The prevalence of NCD is increasing despite the presence ofprogram-specific interventions. The use of resources is not efficient because of overlapping of efforts andnot focused on primary prevention. While the high-risk approach cannot be discounted, studies have shownthat intervening early using a population approach could be more effective. The recommended approach,therefore, is to prevent and modify the underlying causes and risk factors of leading NCDs using a populationor community-based approach.2

In response to the World Health Organization’s challenge to promote an integrated community-basedapproach to the prevention and control of NCDs, DOH launched the National Healthy Lifestyle Programin 2003 to encourage the establishment of healthy lifestyle programs at the provincial and municipal levelsall over the country. Since then, DOH has been streamlining and reorganizing its programs and structuretowards a more integrated approach in the delivery of health services.Health workers at the primary care setting and in communities play a critical role in promoting healthylifestyle. The first national training on promoting healthy lifestyle was done in 2003 with the help of theUniversity of the Philippines Manila - College of Nursing (UPM-CN). The focus of the training then was onthe areas of risk factors assessment and screening, nutrition, physical activity and tobacco control. After almostseven years there have been many technical updates in NCD prevention and control and some new strategiesin promoting healthy lifestyle. It is therefore important to conduct a nationwide re-training of communityhealth workers.This new training organized by the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) and UPM-CNwill focus on five areas: (1) risk factors assessment and screening for major NCDs, (2) diet and nutrition, (3)physical activity, (4) tobacco and alcohol control and (5) mental health and wellness. This training will alsoinclude health promotion strategies such as information dissemination, health education, communication,and social mobilization using different forms of media and technology.The promotion of healthy lifestyle focuses on fiv

Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases. This manual is intended primarily for health workers namely: doctors, nurses, midwives and nutritionists in all public health facilities. It aims to guide them in addressing the rising trend of NCDs throughout the country using holistic approach starting with proper risk assessment and screening

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