ASAM 398 Fsip

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ASAM 398www.fsip.com

The first successful application ofairsprings for vibration isolationoccurred during the late nineteenthirties. Airsprings were developedby Firestone to fill a need for amore efficient suspension systemfor highway trucks, trailers, andbuses. Airide springs, as they were named, provided themeans for a suspension that reduced the amount of roadshock and vibration transmitted into the vehicle. Billions ofmiles of actual use have proven the dependability andeffectiveness of the air suspension conceptusing Airide springs by Firestone.Airmount isolators and Airstroke actuatorsare a further application and refinement ofthe Airide spring. They are basically thesame product with theuse of theproductdeterminingwhich name isapplied to it.Some parts,however, aredesigned fora particularapplication, and all parts are notnecessarily compatible with allthree applications.Airsprings are highly engineeredelastomeric bellows with speciallydesigned metal end closures.The bellows itself is constructedfrom plies of cord-reinforced rubber with standardconstruction utilizing two plies of special cord fabric. Highstrength versions designed to handle greater loads andpressures are also available on many of the styles.Airmount isolators and Airstroke actuators arecapable of handling loads up to 100,000pounds and can be designed intosystems to utilize upto fourteen inchesof stroke. Thestandard airspringwill operate intemperaturesfrom –35 F to135 F and specialcompoundsare available onsome parts toextend this range.TYPICALAPPLICATIONSAIRSTROKE ACTUATORSAirstroke actuators are used primarily inplace of pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders.A few of the typical applications currentlyinclude:Surface area pressesStamping pressesConveyorsClamping devicesAssembly equipmentIrrigation equipmentAutomotive alignment equipmentPaper and textile machinerySawmill machineryMaterial handlingValvesCommercial laundry Copyright 2005, BFS Diversified Products, LLC2AIRMOUNT ISOLATORSDue to the unique capabilities of Airstrokeand Airmount products, many applicationsare in use where the product is used forboth actuation and isolation, or for acompletely different purpose. Just a few ofthese applications include:Protective bootsFlexible connectorsVacuum devicesShock absorbersExpansion chambersDrive couplingsAirmount isolators are used as vibrationisolators on many different types ofequipment. Following is a partial list of justa few of the typical types of ElectronmicroscopesVibrating screensand siftersOptical tersVibrating conveyorsTest bed shakersand feedersShock testInertial massequipmentmountingsForging hammersVibrating testGenerator setsequipmentIndustrialSeat springsmachinery

Selection GuideEND CLOSURE OPTIONSStyleNumberMaximumDiameterat 100 PSIG(inches)HighStrengthNumberBeadPlateTypeDim. A(blind nutcenters)(inches)Dim. B(inches)BeadRingTypeDim. CNumber(bolt circle of Boltsdiameter) (each(inches)ring)TYPE 1bead plateSHAPED SEE INDIVIDUALDATA PAGESIDEPROFILESingleConvolution1/4 NPTAIR INLETSINGLE .7916.5019.00148-1 is A12121824243240ATYPE 2bead plateDoubleConvolution1/4 OR3/4 NPTAIR INLETAADOUBLE 2.0015.001.75*1.752.882.8813.7916.5019.00248-2 is 4PlyTYPE 3bead plateTripleConvolution1/4 OR3/4 NPTAIR INLETBATYPE 4bead ringReversibleSleeveTRIPLE 19.00348-3 is 4PlyTYPE 5bead plateREVERSIBLE T15M-61T15M-91T19L-71T19L-11CNOT AN AIRSTROKE .612.612.612.714.214.23/4 NPTAIR INLETSEE INDIVIDUALDATA 688812121212121212121212AB* On plates with a 3/4 inch NPT air inlet, B dimension is 1.50 inch.** When using the rolled plate end closure option, add .7 inch to heights shown.3

AIRSTROKE roke(inches)80 PSI Force* at Stroke of1 Inch3 Inches MaximumStroke(pounds)(pounds)(pounds)Advantages of:SHAPED 45049047010.841040037536010.8SINGLE 5,4605,8008,74012,42017,39026,42053,600DOUBLE .18.710.46.87.27.57.38.89.1TRIPLE EVERSIBLE T15M-61T15M-91T19L-71T19L-11DO NOT USE 1X84D-1 AS AN AIRSTROKE ,6007,3005,100* To determine Airstroke force at other pressures, divide force shown by80 PSIG and multiply result by new pressure.** When using the rolled plate end closure option, add .7 inch to heights shown.4Why use an Airstroke actuator (rather than air orhydraulic cylinder) for actuation?LOW COSTGenerally, the initial cost of an Airstroke actuator is one-half orless than that of a conventional pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder ofthe same force capabilities. This initial cost advantage is manytimes greater in the larger sizes.WIDE SIZE RANGEAirstroke actuators are available in sizes ranging from 2.2 inchesto 37 inches in diameter. The force capability is 100,000 pounds.Strokes of up to 14 inches are possible.DURABLE FOR LONG LIFEAirstroke actuators are another application of the proven FirestoneAiride spring used on truck and bus suspensions. Airide springshave proven longevity and durability to perform under adverseenvironmental conditions – a critical factor in machine design.NO MAINTENANCE OR LUBRICATION REQUIREDAirstroke actuators have no internal rods, pistons, or sliding sealsthat would require lubrication or maintenance. This allows for thedesign of Airstroke actuators into applications where dirt or gritwould destroy the seals on conventional cylinders.FRICTION FREE FOR IMMEDIATE RESPONSESince Airstroke actuators have no sliding seals, there is nobreakaway friction as with conventional cylinders.FLEXIBLE MEDIAAn Airstroke actuator can do its work with either a liquid or gas.(Please see page 14 in our Engineering Manual for acceptablemedia choices.)ANGULAR CAPABILITYAn Airstroke actuator possesses the unique capability of strokingthrough an arc without a clevis. Angular motion of up to 30 degreesis possible, along with the design advantage of generally lesscomplex linkages.SIDE LOADING CAPABILITYAirstroke actuators, within certain limits, are not affected by sideloads as are conventional cylinders. This misalignment capabilityeliminates potential rod bending, scoring, and excessive seal wearcommon to conventional cylinders.COMPACT STARTING HEIGHTAirstroke actuators have a low profile compared to conventionalcylinders. Our smallest Airstroke actuator (2.2 inch/dia.) collapsesto just 1.2 inches in height, while our largest triple convolutedAirstroke (37 inch/dia.) will collapse to a very compact 5.5 inches.FACTORY SEALED AND TESTEDMost Airstroke actuators feature Firestone’s proven concept ofcrimped end plates. The crimped design allows for pre-shipmenttesting and quicker installation on equipment.

Airstroke Actuator Selection Procedure Refer to the selection guide on page 4 for Airstroke actuatorforce and stroke capabilities. This information is intended to givea general guide to part capabilities. Before selecting the correctAirstroke actuator you need to know certain attributes of yourapplication. Once this data is known, the selection is relativelyeasy. For more detailed information please obtain a copy ofFirestone’s Engineering Manual and Design Guide.generally decreases as height increases. If you have less than100 psi available, divide the force by 100 and multiply by youravailable pressure. If your stroke is between these values, astraight line interpolation will approximate the value. You shouldalways check our Engineering Manual and Design Guide formore exact information.Select the smallest part with thenecessary stroke to meet your force requirements.1. STROKE:3. DIMENSIONAL DATA CAN BEFOUND ON PAGE 3:The maximum STROKE CAPABILITY of an Airstroke actuator isthe difference between the maximum useable height and theminimum height. This entire stroke, or any portion thereof, maybe used. If an internal rubber bumper is required, please notethat the minimum height is increased, and therefore, the totalstroke is decreased. Once this is determined, you can choosethe general style of part you would need. For strokes of less than3 to 4 inches, the Single Convolution parts are generally themost efficient. Use the shortest style that will give you thenecessary stroke for your application.2. FORCE:Read the forces from the chart for 100 psi at 1 inch, 50% ofMaximum Stroke, and Maximum Stroke. Notice that the forceIt is important to make sure that the part you select will fit in theavailable space. The higher the force required the larger indiameter the part. The longer the stroke, the higher the minimumheight. Make sure that you follow all of the guidelines shown inthe Do’s and Don’ts section below.4. SELECT THE END CLOSURESAND AIR INLET SIZE:Most Airstroke actuators are available with either permanentlyattached plates or bead ring (flange) attachments. (See endclosure options chart for attachments, air fittings, and attachmentlocations.) Most parts with plates are available with either 1/4" or3/4" NPT air fittings.Do’s and Don’tsDOWN AND UP STOPSPositive stops in both directions (compression and extension)should always be used with Airstroke actuators.1. In COMPRESSION, the minimum height shown for each airspring is at, or slightly above the PINCH POINT of the bellows.The bellows can be damaged if allowed to constantly bottomout; therefore, a down stop is required to prevent this. Anexternal down stop can be something as simple as a steelblock and should be sized at or slightly greater than theminimum height of the Airstroke actuator. If an external downstop cannot be used, many parts are available with internalrubber bumpers. See Engineering Manual and Design Guide.2. In EXTENSION, an up stop is required to prevent the air springfrom overextending. Failure to install an up-stop could result in areduced bellow life, and allow the end crimp seal to open up.There are many ways to design-in an up-stop, includinga) a chain, b) a cable, or c) contacting a metal stop, etc.RETURNAn Airstroke actuator is a single acting device. To return theactuator to its minimum height for another cycle or stroke, somereturn force must be used. Gravity acting on the load may be allthat’s required. (Refer to the order block section in theEngineering Manual for the force required to return convolutedAirstroke actuators to minimum height.) If the load is notsufficient, then a second actuator or coil spring may be required.These measurements must fall within the guide lines for thatparticular part.Reversible sleeve type (1T) parts may also stroke through anarc. In this case, care must be taken to prevent the bellows fromrubbing (internally) against itself where it rolls over the piston.HORIZONTAL MISALIGNMENTThe upper and lower bead plate centers (or mounting platecenters in the case of a bead ring type attachment) may be outof line somewhat without injury to the bellows. Our “rule ofthumb” for convoluted type actuators is one inch misalignmentallowed per convolution. So, a single convoluted air spring maybe out of line by as much as 1 inch, a double convoluted by 2inches, and a triple convoluted air spring by 3 inches.DESIGN ENVELOPEAdequate clearance should be provided around the Airstrokeactuator to prevent puncturing or rubbing of the bellows. (Referto the selection guide on page 3 for the maximum diameter at100 psi for each Airstroke bellows.)STACKINGIt is permissible to stack actuators, one on top of another, to increasestroke; however, the center plate (or plates) connecting the two ormore Airstroke actuators MUST BE GUIDED. Please note that theair spring forces are not additive in this configuration.GUIDINGFAIL SAFE DEVICESAn Airstroke actuator follows the path of least resistance;therefore, the actuator should always be guided. This is ofteneasily accomplished in the mounting geometry.Some applications require the use of fail safe mechanisms(such as a mechanical lock-out on a scissors lift) to preventdamage or injury in the event of an air system failure.ANGULAR CAPABILITYVACUUMAn Airstroke actuator can stroke through an arc without a clevis.Angular motion of up to 30 degrees is possible. When using anactuator with the mounting plates at an angle to each other,observe the following:a. Measure force at the height between the plate centers.b. Measure maximum height at the side separatedthe furthest.c. Measure minimum height at the side collapsed the most.An Airstroke actuator can withstand a small amount of vacuumwithout injury to the bellows. The maximum amount ofacceptable vacuum is dependent upon the bellow’s size, theheight in use, and whether it is a two ply or high strength(fabric) air spring. (A high strength Airstroke bellows has a“stiffer” wall than a two ply; therefore, it is less susceptible todimpling and deformation inward). It is generally best to useonly single convoluted air springs under vacuum.5

Advantages of:VIBRATINGSCREENWhy use an Airmount isolator, rather than acoil spring or other type of isolator?UNSURPASSED ISOLATION CAPABILITYAirmount isolators can provide the highest degree ofisolation of any type vibration isolator. System naturalfrequencies as low as 60 cycles per minute (1 Hertz)are available. Lower system frequencies can beaccomplished by the use of an additional reservoir.In order to achieve similar results from a conventionalcoil spring isolator, a real deflection of 9 inches wouldbe required.BIN HOPPERCONSTANT ISOLATION EFFICIENCYAirmount isolators are unique in that the system’snatural frequency does not change significantly withchanges in load. This unique feature, combined withaccurate height control, will allow the use of the sameAirmount isolator at each mounting point of an unevenlyloaded machine.BLOWER AND MOTOREFFECTIVE NOISE REDUCTIONAirmount isolators reduce structurally transmitted noise.They are also quiet in themselves, since there is nospring chatter as found in conventional coil springs.ACCURATE HEIGHT CONTROLAirmount isolators provide accurate height controlthrough regulation of internal air pressure. This featureeliminates the reduction in isolation efficiency causedby fatigue and permanent set found in other types ofvibration isolators.WIDE SIZE RANGEAirmount isolators are capable of isolating loads of 100pounds per mounting point to over 85,000 pounds permounting point.DELICATEELECTRONICEQUIPMENTCOMPACT INSTALLED HEIGHTAirmount isolators can carry the loads and provide theisolation described above at installed heights as low as2.5 inches. Coil springs providing equal isolation wouldrequire a free height of 5 to 25 inches.EXTENDED EQUIPMENT LIFEAirmount isolators extend equipment life through theirsuperior isolation capabilities.VERSATILEAirmount isolators can be used not only to protectstructural members from vibrating machinery, but arealso widely used to protect delicate equipment fromstructurally transmitted vibration.6WASHING MACHINE

Airmount Isolator Basics A detailed discussion of vibration isolation is beyond thescope of this brochure, but the general theory and termsbear some explanation.In any vibration isolation application, there will be somesource of vibration, or disturbance, that generates concern.This disturbance may be coming from the environment. Anexample would be a coordinate measuring machine in ametal stamping plant whose floor vibrations make delicatemeasurement impossible. The disturbance may also begenerated by a device that affects the surroundings. Anexample of this could be a vibrating screen or power unitin an office setting.Although these situations would appear to be distinctlydifferent, they are analytically equivalent.In any vibration isolation application, the disturbing (forcing)frequency, ff, is the key parameter in question, and isnecessary to select an isolator. The disturbing frequencyis typically related in some way to the equipment, usuallya rotational speed. This is normally expressed in cyclesper minute (cpm) or cycles per second (hertz, hz).Common examples would be a power unit, where thedisturbing frequency would be the motor rotational speed;a vibrating screen, where ff would be the speed of theeccentrics, or a fan unit where it would be the fan speed.Care must be taken to insure that the lowest unbalanceddisturbing speed is used for isolator selection.Just as the disturbing frequency is a characteristic of theapplication, the natural frequency, fn, is a characteristic ofthe isolation system. In general, the natural frequency isdetermined by the spring rate of the isolator and the loadsupported by the isolator. With reference to the Firestoneline of air springs, the natural frequency is dependentupon the specific part selected. Natural frequencies arelisted on the selection chart for each Firestone air spring.A good rule of thumb is to select an isolator whose naturalfrequency is less than or equal to one-third of thedisturbing frequency. The lower the natural frequencycompared to the disturbing frequency, the greater theeffectiveness of the isolation system.Sample ProblemConsider the example of a fan and motor mounted on acommon base. The combined weight of the unit is 6000lbs. However, due to offset positioning, the loads permounting point show two at 1400 lbs. each and two at1600 lbs. The motor speed is 1650 rpm, however, the

ASAM 398 www.fsip.com. 2 AIRSTROKE ACTUATORS . Selection Guide 1/4 NPT AIR INLET A TYPE 2 bead plate 1/4 OR 3/4 NPT AIR INLET A A TYPE 3 bead plate 1/4 OR 3/4 NPT AIR INLET A B TYPE 4 bead ring C . Style Number Height Stroke (inches) (inches) 1 Inch (pounds) 3 Inches (pounds) Maximum Stroke (pounds)

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