Smart City - What Is A Smart City? - Wien

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SMARTCITYWhat is a smart city?

What is a smart city?UrbanisationMore than half the world’s population already occupies urban spaces.Estimates reckon that number to reach two thirds by 2050. Thisdramatic development is ultimately due to the many opportunitiespeople are awarded to design their own lives in cities.Rising urbanisation, however, also means greater challenges: as citiesgrow people’s needs and demands must be met in ways that go easyon the environment.FLEXIBLEThe term “smart city“ was coined towards the end of the 20th century. It isrooted in the implementation of user-friendly information and communicationtechnologies developed by major industries for urban spaces. Its meaning hassince been expanded to relate to the future of cities and their development.Smart cities are forward-looking, progressive and resource-efficient whileproviding at the same time a high quality of life. They promote social and technological innovations and link existing infrastructures. They incorporate newenergy, traffic and transport concepts that go easy on the environment. Theirfocus is on new forms of governance and public participation.Intelligent decisions need to be taken at the strategic level if cities want tobecome smart. It takes more than individual projects but careful decisionson long-term implementations. Considering cities as entire systems can helpthem achieve their ultimate goal of becoming smart.Smart cities forcefully tackle the current global challenges, such as climatechange and scarcity of resources. Their claim is also to secure their economiccompetitiveness and quality of life for urban populations continuously onthe rise.Scarce resourcesResources such as fossil energy, clean water and disposable landare limited as most of us are aware of. We also know that citiesconsume the lion share of all energy produced worldwide. Food,housing, mobility and waste removal require raw materials andenergy.To maintain a high standard of living for the long term cities mustreduce their ecological footprint and seek for alternatives to scarcefossil resources.SMARTATTRACTIVE intelligentshrewd ADAPTABLE INTEGRATIVEacross systemsNETWORKEDCLEVERRESOURCEFUL effectiveBUSINESS LIKESOPHISTICATEDEFFICIENTCURRENT CHALLENGESClimate changeClimate change is one of the most pressing issues we are currentlyfaced with. CO2 emissions must be reduced in the decades to comewhile measures need to be taken to reign in global warming, floodsand extended heat waves. Cities are responsible for approximatelythree quarters of greenhouse gases worldwide. Being major pollutersthey are also called upon to provide solutions. Jpatokal CC BY-SA 3.0GlobalisationWorldwide networking of labour forces, institutions and information has its repercussions on cities too. Economic and socialstructures are changing and urban politics need to adapt theirstrategies to these new circumstances. It means positioningcities internationally between cooperation and competition. Themeasures taken must not serve the sole purpose of appearancesbut must focus on internal social, economic, spatial and structuralaspects as well.

All is smart – all is well?Concepts and ways towards becoming a smart city are as diverse as citiesthemselves. Some approaches are technology-oriented, while others, such asthe Vienna Way, have put the social aspect in the fore. Measures cover the fullrange in between but they all have in common their aim to continuously addsubstance to the concept of smart cities.New technologies must be assessed as to their benefit for the public interestand the preservation of creative freedom in public spaces. Smart ideas, to beimplemented, require active public participation. Skills must be acquired tohandle the new tools with care, especially with regards to data managementand data security. Ultimately synergies must be developed across systems sothat objectives and solutions can be found for smart cities to become forwardlooking, use resources with caution and provide an environment worth livingin for everyone.FIELDSOFACTIONSmart urbandevelopment?

SMART URBANDEVELOPMENT?EconomySmart economies actively support education, qualification,research and entrepreneurial spirit, innovation, productivityand flexibility. Continuous knowledge acquisition and transfer,as well as local and global networks are the main ingredientsfor creative output.Enterprises offering IT, environmental and energy services inparticular are considered the driving force for smart economies.The first step towards becoming a smart city is taken at the strategic level.Main fields of action in this context are energy, mobility, the environment, theeconomy, society, politics, administration and quality of life. Some of the aboveare intertwined and increasingly networked with the support of IT. Technical,economic and social innovations provide the foundation for such activities.Smart cities build on sustainability but also on resilience in the sense that citiesas systems are made more resistant and adaptable to influences from insideand out.GovernanceReducing energy and raw material consumption and forwardlooking resource management are among a city’s major concerns.Smart supply and disposal systems are just as important as processdriven changes, technological developments and networks forenergy, mobility, infrastructure and buildings. Smart grids, for thatmatter, are a step towards smart energy consumption: intelligentnetworks and monitoring systems are put in charge of energygeneration, storage and consumption. Smart meters are installedto make actual energy consumption more transparent.Smart Governance promotes both, changes in governance andcoordination processes, and planning processes with publicparticipation. The administration encourages cooperation amongmunicipal organisation units and is opening itself up to a widerange of players from business, research, civil society and otherlocal authorities.Projects in their implementation stage increasingly rely on cooperation among the above. Public digital data are widely accessibleto allow for more transparency and enable people to participatein decision-making processes.MobilitySmart mobility means innovative traffic and transport infrastructure that saves resources and builds on new technologiesfor maximum efficiency.Accessibility, affordability and safety of transport systems, aswell as compact urban development are essential factors in thiscontext. New user-friendly facilities will make it easier for peopleto switch to integrated transport systems focussed on environmentally friendly transport modes. Joint utilisation, i.e. “car sharing”,instead of private ownership is what counts these days whenusing motor vehicles. Christian Fürthner PIDEnergy and the environmentSocietyIncreasing people’s quality of life requires more than technicalinnovations. Also and above all it is the social dimension thatneeds to be taken into account. Civil society must be activelyinvolved in making smart cities become reality. Main focus mustbe on education, lifelong learning, culture, health, safety of individuals, plurality of society and social cohesion. Urban everydaylife provides sufficient leeway to promote people’s creativity andcompetences. Networking and self-management are major pillarsof society without which smart cities would be doomed to fail.

FUNDINGHow is smart urbandevelopment funded?

HOW IS SMART URBANDEVELOPMENT FUNDED?The European Union has developed numerous funding programmes meant to boost thedevelopment of smart cities in Europe. The SET Plan and the 7th Framework Programmefor Research in particular have given “smart cities” a European dimension.In Austria it is the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT), aswell as the Climate and Energy Fund, which are primarily responsible for developing andimplementing smart city initiatives.Various funding schemes have been put in place to support the City of Vienna andVienna Urban Planning in creating smart initiatives that would not be possible withoutnational and international funding programmes.EU funding programmesEU Framework Programmefor ResearchA total of seven EU Framework Programmes for the promotion ofresearch were implemented between 1984 and 2013. The SET Planwas the first tool introduced by the European Commission and infact kicked off the “Smart Cities and Communities” initiative in the7th Framework Programme for the period of 2007 to 2013.Primary objective of the Framework Programme was to enhancethe EU’s scientific and technological foundations and to promote itsinternational competitiveness. The last two rounds of competitiveHorizon 2020“Horizon 2020”, the current Framework Programme for Researchand Innovation, combines research funding with the FrameworkProgramme for Competitiveness and Innovation and other programmes initiated by the European Institute for Innovation andTechnology. Horizon 2020 promotes projects related to excellentscience, industrial leadership and societal challenges. Roughly 80billion Euros have been made available for the period 2014–2020,“Smart Cities and Communities” received a sum of 107 millionEuros for 2015.bidding in 2011 and 2012 featured “smart cities” -relevant topics inseveral of the programme’s lines.The 7th Framework Programme promoted the TRANSFORM (Trans-Strategic EnergyTechnology Plan (SET Plan)The Strategic Energy Technology Plan was launched in 2007 as afirst major tool at European level. It seeks to secure affordable andsustainable energy supply for the long term and enable rapid marketintroduction of innovative energy technologies. Investments for aperiod of ten years are envisaged at approx. 70 bio Euros.The SET Plan’s aims are to:accelerate the development of low-carbon technologiesimprove the competitiveness of innovative energytechnologiespull its weight to achieve the climate objectives by 2020focus on demonstration and implementationemploy technologies with the greatest potentialimplement major projects or project clustersIn 2010 the European Commission introduced the “Europeanformation Agenda for Low Carbon Cities) project, amongst others.Selected cities, among them Vienna, are developing practical strategies for becoming smart.The European InnovationPartnership for Smart Cities andCommunities (EIP-SCC)Implementing smart cities measures in different urban districts alonerequires a minimum of several million Euros. The Structural Fundbudget for the European Union regional policy for the new fundingperiod 2014-2020 could provide a major source of financing.Austria has launched the “STRAT.AT 2020” process in cooperationwith BMVIT and the Association of Austrian Cities and Towns topromote increased utilisation of these funds for implementingsmart cities measures.In July 2012 the European Commission established the InnovationPartnership to promote development and utilisation of smarturban technologies. Main emphasis is on networking cities andpromoting cooperation in an effort to find joint solutions forincreasing energy efficiency, amongst others. Investments in thepublic sector and industry are clustered to support implementa-National funding programmestion of lighthouse projects in the fields of energy, traffic andtransport, as well as ICT.Initiative on Smart Cities” as part of the SET Plan. Its aim is toBMVIT – city of the futurepromote cities and regions that want to reduce their greenhouseBMVIT with its research and technology programme “city of theemission by 40% by 2020 through sustainable energy utilisationfuture” installed in 2013 has also pledged support for the smartand generation.EU Structural FundClimate and Energy FundKLIEN – FIT for SETStrategic Implementation Plan (SIP)city efforts in Vienna. The programme promotes research andBack in December 2010 the Climate and Energy Fund introduceddevelopment of new technologies, technological systems andits own smart cities initiative and since then has played a major roleThe Strategic Implementation Plan was introduced in 2013 as anurban services. The current bidding will make available 3 millionin putting smart cities on the Austrian agenda. Its preliminary workaction plan for putting into practice the EIP SCC. The Plan coversEuros for research and development projects in energy-orientedand achievements have made sure that Austrian players, acrossactions in a variety of different areas, the following three having aurban planning and design, innovative business models, technol-Europe, are viewed as competent partners in EU research projectsclear substance definition:ogy development for building improvements and modernisation,initiated by the European Commission, as well as in transnationalsustainable urban mobilitydemonstration buildings, as well as technologies for urban energycooperation projects and networks.urban districts and built environmentsystems.The Climate and Energy Fund’s vision for the programme “Smartintegrated infrastructuresCities – FIT for SET” is to implement, for the first time ever, a “SmartOther areas, such as public participation, governance, financing,City” or a “Smart Urban Region”, in other words, emission-free urbanetc. are to serve as catalysts in the process.districts, emission-free residential areas or urban regions in Austria.

LEITBILD GRÜNRÄUMEAbb. 17Quelle: MA 21, MA 22(Wien Umweltgut),MA 41, ZAMG, Urban Atlas;Inhalt und Darstellung: MA 18VIENNA IS NETWORKEDGEPLANTE MASSNAHMENBESTANDAufwertung von ErholungsgebietenNeue Parkanlagen (2–10 ha)Freiraumvernetzung in Planung,teilweise bereits umgesetztSITUATIONWalddominierte Landschaft(Wald-, Weinbau- und Wiesenflächen)Bebautes Gebiet(2013)Agrarisch dominierte LandschaftWaldgebieteim Wiener UmlandUrbane Großgrünräume(z. B. Schönbrunn, Zentralfriedhof)Freiraumvernetzung (landschaftsprägend)vorwiegend BestandsaufwertungDonaugewässerParkanlagen (Fläche 2–10 ha)Stehende GewässerParkanlagen (Fläche 10–50 hrsinfrastruktur(Straße und Schiene)Farsighted, robust andsustainable for generationsFreiraumvernetzung (urban)vorwiegend BestandsaufwertungVernetzung mit dem UmlandParkanlagen mit einer Fläche kleinerals 2 ha sind nicht in Vorbereitung(Straße und Schiene)bergrfe ldWieDoMISSION STATEMENT GREEN SPACESTe r r a s s e nlanPLANNED MEASURESUpgrading of recreational areasNew parks (2-10 ha)Planned open space links,partly implementedOpen space links(with a landscaping effect)Open space links (urban),upgrading of existing green spacedschaftEXISTING GREEN SPACEPredominantly woods(woods, vineyards, meadows)Predominantly agricultural landnauraumMap 17Quelle: MA 21, MA 22(Wien Umweltgut),MA 41, ZAMG, Urban Atlas;Inhalt und Darstellung: MA 18SITUATIONBuilt-up area(2013)Woods in thesurrounding countrysideLarge urban green spaces(e.g. Schönbrunn, Central Cemetery)Danube watersParks (2-10 ha)Stagnant watersParks (10-50 ha)City boundaryFresh air corridorsAbovegroundtraffic infrastructure(roads or tracks)Links to the surrounding countrysideParks smaller than 2 haare not depicted.The UrbanDevelopment PlanWe provide for the cityThe Urban Development Plan for Vienna STEP 2025 constitutes the main strategicdocument for Vienna’s urban planning. It sets the course for developments inVienna for the coming ten years. It has taken up the guiding ideas, principlesand objectives set out in the Smart City Wien Framework Strategy.STEP 2025 was developed in a public participation process where ideas for thecity’s future development were widely discussed. STEP 2025 provides a guideline for the city administration and local businesses, as well as for other playersinvolved in the development processes.The main actions set out in STEP 2025 are aimed at three development focuses.Its strategic specifications are developed and substantiated on an s or tracks)Mission statement green spaces MA 18 MA 21, MA 22 (Wien Umweltgut), MA 41, ZAMG, Urban Atlas;Inhalt und Darstellung: MA 18nealdchrwMaThis development focus is targeted towardsadvancing the mobility system and preservinggreen and social infrastructure as prerequisitesfor securing a high quality of life and theenvironment. Priority in the transport and trafficsystem is given to the environmental allianceand attractive design of public space. At thesame time the network of open spaces willcontinue to grow and large green spaces willbe preserved and expanded to ensure lastingquality for a growing population. Ultimatelysocial infrastructure too must keep pace andfulfil its integrating function.STEP2025

GRUNDPRINZIPIENDER RÄUMLICHENENTWICKLUNG,STADTREGION LEITBILD SIEDLUNGSENTWICKLUNGAbb. 08Quelle: MA 18, MA 21, MA 41,Urban Atlas, WKW;Inhalt und Darstellung: MA 18Stadt-Umland-KooperationenVIENNA OUTGROWS ITSELFVIENNA EXPANDS UPWARDSSIEDLUNGSENTWICKLUNGENTWICKLUNG WIRTSCHAFTUND ZENTRENBestandsentwicklunggründerzeitlich geprägter GebieteWeiterentwicklungGebiete geprägt in den 1950er- bis1970er-JahrenGebiete mit Entwicklungspotenzialfür Wohnen und ArbeitenSITUATIONCityZone hochrangiger Büro- undVerwaltungsfunktionen,Universitäten, Handel, Kultur etc.Zone für nicht mischfähige Betriebe(gemäß Wiener Betriebszonenanalyse 2008)City-ErweiterungVorrangzone für die künftige Ergänzungvon s StadtteilzentrumGeschäftsstraße mitübergeordneter BedeutungRESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESSESAND HUBSPortfolio development,predominantly for buildings dating backto the late 19th centuryBuilding activitiesin areas developed betweenthe 1950ies and the 1970iesAreas with development potentialfor housing and workCityAreas with quality office andadministrative functions,universities, trade, culture, etc.Polyzentrischer Standortraumfunktional eng verflochtenerRaum zwischen lstraßenin VorbereitungMistelbachMielbachEstablished district centreDistrict centrein need of development(additional functions, upgrading)Major shopping hatMödlingBruck/LeithaBadenWiener NeusNeustadtNeusiedl am SeeEisenstadtMatttersbuMatsburgAbb. 13Quelle: stadtregion ,Zwischenbericht, PGO 2011SopronBASIC PRINCIPLESI I OFSPATIAL DEVELOPMENTSTADTREGION SITUATIONBuilt-up area (2013)Danube watersCity boundaryCooperation between city andsurrounding countrysideDevelopment focus(locations functioning as centres)Complementary locations –locations in gaps between axesof special relevance for futureregional developmentTarget areas forurban developmentacc. to STEP 2005Highly sensitive areasof particular ecological significanceDevelopment axis –places along major trafficinfrastructure betweenseveral development targetsTRAFFIC INFRASTRUCTUREUnderground/suburban trainThe focus here is on Vienna as a centre ofbusiness, education, research and culturein a growing metropolitan area. To furtherexpand these strengths Vienna has committed itself to promoting universities, high-techproduction and knowledge-based services.The city is dedicated to forward-lookingland planning for new industry and trade, aswell as district management for establishedindustrial and commercial estates. Majorimportance is attached to developing regionaland international cooperation to furtherexploit development potentials and bypassnegative developments. Upgrading transportand traffic infrastructure ensures cross-bordermobility with neighbouring countries.WaterwaysFederal bordersPolycentric locations –locations between severaldevelopment targets closely linkedto their functionsMajor roadsMotorways/trunk roadsPlannedmotorways/trunk roadsPrinciples of spatial developmentCity region Mission statement residential developmentPortfolio developmentin areas dating back to the late 19th centuryWololkersdorfsdorfStocockkerau stadtregion MA 18, MA 21, MA

What is a smart city? The term “smart city“ was coined towards the end of the 20th century. It is rooted in the implementation of user-friendly information and communication technologies developed by major industries for urban spaces. Its meaning has since been expanded to relate to the future of cities and their development.

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