SMART CITY CHALLENGE - US Department Of Transportation

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SMART CITYCHALLENGE1SMART CITY CHALLENGE

ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OFTODAY AND TOMORROW“Transportation is not just about concrete and steel. It’sabout how people want to live.”– Secretary Anthony FoxxIn December 2015, we launched our Smart City Challenge, asking mid-sized citiesacross America to share their ideas for how to create an integrated, first-of-its-kindsmart transportation system that would use data, applications, and technology tohelp people and goods move faster, cheaper, and more efficiently.Over the past year, the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), under the leadership of Secretary Anthony Foxx, hasleveraged nearly 350 million in public and private funds for smart city and advanced transportation technologies. Building onBeyond Traffic 2045, the Smart City Challenge provided a spark for cities looking to revolutionize their transportation systemsto help improve people’s lives. Through the Smart City Challenge, the Department committed up to 40 million to one winningcity. In response, cities leveraged an additional 500 million in private and public funding to help make their Smart City visionsreal. And, in October 2016, Secretary Foxx announced an additional 65 million in grants to support community-drivenadvanced technology transportation projects in cities across America, including 4 of the finalists in the Smart City Challenge.By challenging American cities to use emerging transportation technologies to address their most pressing problems, theSmart City Challenge aimed to spread innovation through a mixture of competition, collaboration, and experimentation.But the Smart City Challenge was about more than just technology. We called on mayors to define their most pressingtransportation problems and envision bold new solutions that could change the face of transportation in our cities by meetingthe needs of residents of all ages and abilities; and bridging the digital divide so that everyone, not just the tech-savvy, can beconnected to everything their city has to offer.2SMART CITY CHALLENGE

WHAT WE LEARNED FROM ACROSSAMERICAThe response to the challenge was unprecedented—we received 78 applications. Cities from Albuquerque to Anchorage andProvidence to Portland took the Challenge as an opportunity to create blueprints of their cities’ transportation futures.The applications proposed a wide range of innovative approaches to tackling urban mobility challenges. Here are just a few ofthe ideas from the 78 Smart City visions:SEATTLE – shared data wouldprovide dynamic routing fortruck traffic, promote off-peakand overnight deliveries, andenable car share operators todeliver packagesLAS VEGAS – new connected autonomousshuttles would transport workers to LasVegas Boulevard, and new solar poweredelectric vehicle charging stations would helpreduce emissions3DETROIT – partnerships with industryleaders in the automotive and technologyfields and academic institutions wouldhelp provide access to electric car shares,automated shuttles, and on-demanddelivery trucks through integrated mobilityappsNEW ORLEANS – dynamicallyrouted on-demand minibuses wouldprovide affordable first mile/last miletransportation options to underservedcommunitiesBOSTON – “radicallyprogrammable” city streetswith dynamic markings thatcan change from loading zones,to thoroughfares, to spaces forstreet hockey, depending onthe time of day and seasonATLANTA – a network ofmultimodal transportation centersserving as hubs for mobility,economic development, andcommunity activitySMART CITY CHALLENGE

While the cities were diverse, many of the 78 applicantsfaced similar urban mobility challenges:Providing first-mile and lastmile service for transit usersto connect underservedcommunities to jobsThe typical job isaccessible to only about27 percent of itsmetropolitan workforceby transit in 90 minutesor less.Coordinating data collectionand analysis across systemsand sectors10:2528 percent of all of thetransit agencies in theUnited States have opendata systems that freelyprovided transit times tothe public.Limiting the impacts ofclimate change and reducingcarbon emissionsThe 78 applicant citiesrepresent over onebillion metric tons ofCO2 emissions per year.4CO2Facilitating the movement ofgoods into and within a cityTrucks stuck in stop-and-go traffic inmetropolitan areas cost shippers anestimated 28 million annually in truckoperating costs and wasted fuel. Reducing inefficiency inparking systems and paymentAn estimated 30 percent of traffic inurban areas is caused by cars lookingfor parking.Optimizing traffic flow oncongested freeways andarterial streetsOutdated traffic signal timing causesmore than 10 percent of all traffic delayon major routes in urban areas.SMART CITY CHALLENGE

How We Move44cities proposed projects to test the use ofautomated shared use vehicles to help travelersconnect to their destinations.How We Move Things11cities envisioned improving urban freight deliveryby implementing smarter curb space management(through sensors, dynamic reservations, and othertechnologies) to speed loading and unloading.How We Adapt17cities proposed using inductive wireless chargingto charge electric vehicles, buses, or shuttles.How We Move Better53cities proposed implementing Dedicated ShortRange Communication (DSRC) to connect vehiclesto infrastructure and each other.How We Grow Opportunity9cities proposed providing free public WiFi on buses,taxis, and public spaces. The seven Smart CityChallenge finalists proposed over 60 unique strategiesto increase access to jobs, provide training, reachunderserved areas, and ensure connectivity for all.How We Align Decisions and Dollars455cities proposed implementing a unified trafficor transportation data analytics platform, whichwould help them make better decisions with theirlimited resources.?SMART CITY CHALLENGE

ROUND TWO: SEVEN FINALISTS CREATEPLANS TO IMPLEMENT THEIR VISIONS7 FinalistsAustin Columbus DenverKansas City PittsburghPortland San FranciscoThe U.S. DOT named seven finalists: Austin, Columbus,prioritize freight movements, apps that provide truckersDenver, Kansas City, Pittsburgh, Portland, and San Francisco.with information about routes and parking, automatedThe seven finalists dreamed big: they planned to implementlow speed freight delivery systems that enable theautonomous shuttles to move city residents, to electrifyconsolidation of deliveries, and automated trucks.city fleets, and to collectively equip over thirteen thousandbuses, taxis, and cars with vehicle-to-vehicle DedicatedShort Range Communications (DSRC) technology. Over athree month period, these finalists worked closely with theDepartment, their residents, and each other to developdetailed plans to put their Smart City visions into action.Each received 100,000 for public outreach, the productionof pitch videos, and intensive technical assistance fromFederal experts and private partners to further conceptdevelopment. Through this process, the finalists refinedtheir vision for what a smart city could be: Smart cities are taking the lead in how we adapt toclimate change by installing electric vehicle infrastructure,converting public fleets and buses to electric vehicles,incentivizing shared-use mobility options, and closelymonitoring air pollution to identify and address emissionshotspots. Advances in technology are allowing cities to collect,analyze, and apply data to discover how we move better. Smart cities are taking steps to ensure that newtechnologies grow opportunity for all by connectingunderserved communities to job centers through Smart cities are improving how we move by supportingmore affordable and sustainable mobility choices,improving the quality and reliability of transit services,enhancing pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, andmaking better use of the space allocated to parking. Smart cities promote the efficiency, reliability and safetyof how we move things through traffic signals that6affordable, reliable transportation options and by bridgingthe digital divide. To enhance the capabilities of the public to understandtransportation challenges and implement innovativesolutions, cities are looking to develop new integrateddata platforms to make better decisions and aligndecisions and dollars.SMART CITY CHALLENGE

HOW WE MOVEOur population is expected to grow by almost 70 million over the next threedecades—and mid-sized cities are expected to grow at three times the rate ofthe rest of the country. This growth is expected to strain urban infrastructureacross all transportation modes. Travelers in cities today face a range ofchallenges: heavy traffic, a lack of parking, trip planning complexity, and unsafebiking and walking conditions.Despite these challenges, cities are experiencing a resurgence. Americans—young Americans especially—increasingly choose to live in cities and bike, walk,or take transit, rather than drive, to get where they are going. Smart cities willimprove how we move by promoting more affordable and sustainable mobilitychoices through improved traveler information, intermodal connections, andnew modes of transportation that connect people to destinations withoutneeding to drive.To combat congestion, the Smart City Challenge finalists proposed a widerange of strategies to make alternatives to single occupancy vehicle travel moreconvenient. Strategies proposed by a majority of the finalists included:Intelligent TrafficSignalsBuilding on U.S. DOT research onconnected vehicles and adaptivesignal control, Denver developedplans to integrate adaptive signalcontrol and smart freeway rampmetering to optimize traffic flowon two major arterial highways.Adaptive signal controls and smartfreeway meters adjust signaltiming to accommodate changingtraffic patterns by receiving andprocessing data from sensors.Denver will also test using Denverwill also test using DSRC data fromconnected vehicles data fromconnected vehicles to develop thenext generation of dynamic trafficsignal control. Deploying integrated mobility marketplaces mobility marketplaces to allowtravelers to easily plan multimodal trips, compare trip costs and purchasemobility services. Expanding bikeshare, carshare, and rideshare options. Improving transit service reliability by establishing bus rapid transitcorridors, installing signal systems that prioritize buses, and getting realtime transit information into the hands of riders. Ensuring the safety of pedestrians and cyclists with pedestrian detection andwarning systems on trucks and buses and at busy intersections.Connected Vision ZeroCorridorsSan Francisco proposed installingmultimodal intelligent trafficsignal systems equipped withDSRC technology at high prioritypedestrian collision locations toimprove pedestrian safety, reduceidling, and prioritize transit andThe seven finalists proposedto add more thanemergency vehicles to improvereliability and response times.1,000 advancedtraffic signals and13,000 vehicleswith dedicated short rangecommunications (DSRC)technology.7SMART CITY CHALLENGE

San FranciscoThe ChallengeThe GoalThe SolutionAs the search for affordable housing continues to push people commuting into San Franciscofurther from the city, the roads into downtown experience ever growing congestion.Grow the number of regional commuters that use carpooling to improve affordability, increasemobility and relieve congestion on roads and transit. Create connected regional carpool lanes and designate curb space for carpool pick-up/drop-off Make carpooling easy by developing a smartphone app for instant carpool matching and establishcarpool pickup plazas for riders without smart phones Use connected infrastructure to monitor and optimize the performance of carpool lanes8SMART CITY CHALLENGE

HOW WE MOVETHINGSFreight volumes are projected to increase by more than 40 percent over thenext 30 years, straining our transportation system. As demand for freightin urban areas grow, challenges will increase for “first-mile” movement ofgoods out of urban factories and ports, and “last-mile” movement of goodsfrom freight hubs to their final destinations. Truck drivers face specialchallenges in an urban setting - from determining a route, to finding a placeto park, to getting around safely among cyclists and pedestrians.The finalists to the Smart City Challenge proposed a range of innovativesolutions to address their freight challenges:Green FreightFreight vehicles are a major contributorto air pollution in urban areas. Totackle this challenge, several finalistsproposed adopting truck platooningand freight signal prioritization. Intruck platooning, two or more trucksdriving one behind the other areconnected through onboard technologythis allows them to be driven muchcloser together, which improvesaerodynamics, saves fuel, and reducespollution and CO2 emissions. Freightsignal prioritization allows intelligenttraffic signals to detect freight trafficand give them priority at intersections, Improving reliability of freight by installing signals that prioritize truckreducing stop-and-go freight traffic.movement along freight corridors. Providing truckers with real-time information on parking availabilityand truck routes. Demonstrating the potential for automated and connected freightvehicles to make freight movements safer and more efficient.Freight LockersAustin proposed installing speciallockers at new multimodal SmartStations. Partnering with a majordelivery and logistics company, freightlockers would be established at boththe downtown and residential stationsto facilitate package and groceryTruck platooning usingautomated and connectedvehicle technologies couldreduce truck CO2 emissions by7 percent.9deliveries. In areas with limited accessto fresh food (known as “food deserts”),food lockers equipped with availabilityand temperature sensors would allowresidents to pick up their groceryorders on the way to or from theirdestinations.SMART CITY CHALLENGE

DenverThe ChallengeThe health of Denver’s economy is closely connected to efficient freight movements, yetgrowing populations along key freight corridors are creating congestion and reducingreliability, while the air pollution and noise caused by freight traffic disproportionately impactunderserved communities.The GoalThe Solution10Make freight delivery more reliable and reduce air pollution, idling, and engine noise.Establish a connected freight efficiency corridor with comprehensive freight parking andtraffic information systems, freight signal prioritization, designated parking and staging areas.SMART CITY CHALLENGE

HOW WE ADAPTClimate change is a major threat to our way of life. Transportation accountsfor 27 percent of our Nation’s greenhouse gas emissions. Air pollution andnoise caused by traffic also affect the health and quality of life of Americans,particularly those near congested urban corridors.Smart cities are leading the charge in the fight against climate change byshifting demand away from congested roadways to more sustainable modesand by making electric vehicles a practical, affordable option for more of theirresidents. Proposed strategies to increase the use of electric vehicles included: Supporting the use of electric vehicles by taxi and transportationnetwork company (TNC) fleets. Converting public fleets, such as garbage trucks, buses and police cars,Wireless ChargingPortland will install stationary wirelessinductive charging devices as partof a commercial pilot. Because thetechnology is wireless, drivers willbe able to recharge electric vehiclesby hovering over a charging coil orselecting routes with infrastructurethat can refill their car’s battery as theydrive. This technology will be used tocharge semi-autonomous electrifiedshuttles on circulator routes that linklower-density neighborhoods andemployment areas to high-frequencytransit lines.to electric vehicles. Subsidizing the purchase and use of electric vehicles through taxexemptions, energy credits, and bulk buy and loan programs. Installing electric vehicle charging stations.Electric Vehicle Fleetsand InfrastructureEach finalist proposed policies toencourage the electrification ofmunicipal and transit fleets. ForPittsburgh plans to convert36,365 street lightsto LED technology, providing anenergy saving of 60 percent.example, Austin planned to workwith taxi and transportation networkcompanies to support the conversionof private fleets to electric vehicles.Many of the finalists also proposedto install charging stations, led byDenver’s proposal, which includedthe installation of a network of 120charging stations.11SMART CITY CHALLENGE

PittsburghThe ChallengeThe GoalThe StrategyPittsburgh has one of the highest air pollution levels in the country, and poor air quality is wellknown to cause serious health and social impacts.Jump-start electric conversion to reduce transportation emissions by 50% by 2030. Throughdemonstration projects in street lighting, electric vehicles, and power generation. Convert up to 40,000 streetlights to LEDs to reduce energy use Establish smart street lights with sensors to monitor local air quality Install electric vehicle charging stations Convert the city’s public fleet to electric vehicles12SMART CITY CHALLENGE

HOW WE MOVE BETTERNew technologies, like automated and connected vehicles, will soon maketravel significantly safer and more convenient. Advances in data processingare enabling governments and private companies alike to improvetransportation services and better target investments. Government is evolvingto support these beneficial technologies, while working to ensure they aresafe and secure.Data-Driven MobilityThe Smart City Challenge finalistsrecognize that to get smarter theyneed to enhance their ability to collect,process, analyze and share data. Theyplan to take in data from an immensearray of sources from connectedDSRC infrastructure, crowdsourcedCities want to hit the ground running on connected vehicles by adding DSRCdata from smartphone users, and atechnology to fleet vehicles first, so they can quickly demonstrate its potentialvariety of new sensors that can detectto improve safety, decrease congestion, and reduce emissions. Cities are alsoeverything from air quality to roadpioneering new ways to collect, integrate, and analyze travel data to guidetemperatures and conditions, frompolicies and investments, improve transparency, encourage collaboration,shots fired to earthquakes. They alsoand optimize system performance.understand that only by building aThe finalists proposed a wide range of strategies to collect and analyzetransportation system data, including:resilient, secure privacy-driven dataplatforms will the public feel confidentsharing their data. Installing closed-circuit cameras and sensors to collect data on vehiclemovements, transit reliability, and pedestrian and bicycle traffic. Collecting data from vehicle probes, connected vehicles, andconnected infrastructure. Establishing open data platforms and inviting citizens to participate inhackathons.New technologies areemerging that aimto change the way activetransportation data is collected,making it less expensive andeasier to collect, resulting inmore reliabledata.13Mobility MarketplacesSix of the seven finalists proposedcreating ‘mobility marketplaces’ toallow residents to find and pay for avariety of transportation options –bikeshare, carshare, transit, rideshare– all in one place. These marketplaceswould have a single shared paymentplatform, which could be managed viasmartphone app, website, or paymentcard. Portland proposed integratingdynamic pricing and incentivesinto their mobility marketplace sothat during a sporting event, forexample, special discounts could bemade available through the mobilityplatform to promote the use of transitor bikeshare.SMART CITY CHALLENGE

Kansas CityThe ChallengeThe GoalThe StrategyDespite advances in transportation techno

Through the Smart City Challenge, the Department committed up to 40 million to one winning city. In response, cities leveraged an additional 500 million in private and public funding to help make their Smart City visions real. And, in October 2016, Secretary Foxx announced an additional 65 million in grants to support community-driven

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