The Making Of A Smart City: Best Practices Across Europe

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The making of a smart city:best practices across EuropeEMPOWERING SMART SOLUTIONSFOR BETTER CITIES www.smartcities-infosystem.euEnergy

Photo 173186204207212220222225Bristol REPLICATEFlorence REPLICATELyon SPL Lyon-ConfluenceMunich SMARTER TOGETHERNottingham REMOURBANSan Sebastian REPLICATETepebaşı REMOURBANValladolid REMOURBANVienna SMARTER TOGETHERAmsterdam NEXT-BUILDINGSHelsingborg NEXT-BUILDINGSLyon SPL Lyon-ConfluenceStambruges NEED4BBolzano Alto Adige MarketingClemens ZahnLaguna de Duero CITyFiEDSoma CITyFiEDAlingsås Jenny BengtsonBallerup SCHOOL OF THE FUTURERoosendaal Chiel Boonstra, E2REBUILDVoiron E2ReBuildCernier Martine FelberGalanta GEOCOMHøje-Taastrup ECO-LifeLapua Lapuan kaupunkiMontieri GEOCOMMórahalom GEOCOMThis publication was written by Antonio Garrido-Marijuan of the AIT Austrian Institute of Technology;Yana Pargova and Cordelia Wilson of GOPA Com.The document was designed and prepared by GOPA Com. Printed in Belgium, 2017.We gratefully thank all of the projects that participated for the use of their information.

The making of a smart city:best practices across EuropeEMPOWERING SMART SOLUTIONSFOR BETTER CITIES www.smartcities-infosystem.eu

The making of a smart city: best practices across Europe2

ForewordThe making of a smart cityEnsuring a secure, sustainable and effective clean energy transition is oneof the European Union’s priorities and one of the key elements of the EnergyUnion.Cities will play a key role in the transformation of the energy sector bychanging the way they use energy. They are responsible directly or indirectlyfor approximately three quarters of all energy consumption and greenhousegas emissions so cities have an important role in helping us meet the decarbonisation objectives ofthe EU for 2030 and 2050. Their influence goes far beyond their energy consumption and emissions.The commitment of cities and their inhabitants is also crucial to tackling the socioeconomic andenvironmental challenges facing Europe today. This is why in 2016 the EU launched the Urban Agendato harness the growth potential, liveability and innovation of European cities through cooperationbetween cities, Member States and the European Commission.The transformation of the way energy is produced, consumed and transported in the EU will requirecommitment, dedication and innovation with and between actors in many sectors. It will be a storyof innovators and investors, as well of citizens adopting new ways of living and interacting. It isa collective movement built by big and small changes. Much will depend on the spread of goodpractices and learning of successes and mistakes. A key element will be sharing the knowledgegained from the many projects in cities to encourage the uptake of pilot solutions and discoveriesmade by pioneering cities.The European Commission for its part supports many projects through funding programmes, such asin particular Horizon 2020, that are investing in technological solutions and socio-economic practicesthat lead to energy smart cities.In this publication, the Smart Cities Information System has gathered together the best practicesfrom over 80 cities from across 19 countries. These projects showcase how forward thinking on agrand scale can introduce technological advancements not only to buildings and districts, but alsoentire local communities. The cities presented here are using innovation to encourage wiser, moreefficient and more effective energy use and smart living.The creation of smart cities is a motivator for growth, new jobs and is a productive investment inEurope’s future, leading to a sustainable, low carbon and environmentally friendly economy, as wellas putting Europe at the forefront of renewable energy production.I congratulate these energy pioneers for their achievements and encourage you to take up their bestpractices and bring innovation to your city, region and country.Dominique RistoriDirector - General for Energy3

The making of a smart city: best practices across EuropeTable of Contents4Foreword3Introduction Smart Cities Information System: Empowering smartsolutions for better cities9About The making of a smart city: best practices across Europe10Smart Cities & Communities Lighthouse projects14Barcelona, Spain GrowSmarter15Bristol, United Kingdom REPLICATE17Cologne, Germany GrowSmarter20Eindhoven, the Netherlands TRIANGULUM22Florence, Italy REPLICATE24Lisbon, Portugal Sharing Cities28London, United Kingdom Sharing Cities30Lyon, France SMARTER TOGETHER32Manchester, United Kingdom TRIANGULUM36Milan, Italy Sharing Cities38Munich, Germany SMARTER TOGETHER40Nottingham, United Kingdom REMOURBAN43San Sebastian, Spain REPLICATE47Sonderborg, Denmark SmartEnCity50Stavanger, Norway TRIANGULUM53Stockholm, Sweden GrowSmarter55Tartu, Estonia SmartEnCity57Tepebaşı, Turkey REMOURBAN60

Valladolid, Spain REMOURBAN64Vienna, Austria SMARTER TOGETHER67Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain SmartEnCity71Strategic sustainable city M84Demonstration of very low-energy new buildings87Amsterdam, the Netherlands NEXT-BUILDINGS88Bilbao, Spain BUILDSMART92Helsingborg, Sweden NEXT-BUILDINGS93Istanbul, Turkey NEED4B94Lecce, Italy NEED4B96Ljubljana, Slovenia EE-HIGHRISE98Lyon, France NEXT-BUILDINGS101Malmö, Sweden BUILDSMART103Munich, Germany DIRECTION106Stambruges, Belgium NEED4B109Valladolid, Spain DIRECTION110Borås & Varberg, Sweden NEED4B113Demonstration of optimised energy systems forhigh performance-energy districts115Aarhus, Denmark READY116Amsterdam, the Netherlands CITY-zen1185

The making of a smart city: best practices across EuropeBolzano, Italy SINFONIA121Grenoble, France CITY-zen123Innsbruck, Austria SINFONIA125Laguna de Duero, Spain CITyFiED127Lund, Sweden CITyFiED129Soma, Turkey CITyFiED131Växjö, Sweden READY133Demonstration of nearly zero-energy building renovationfor cities and districts6135Aachen, Germany EU-GUGLE136Alingsås, Sweden BEEM-UP138Augsburg, Germany E2REBUILD141Ballerup, Denmark SCHOOL OF THE FUTURE143Bratislava, Slovakia EU-GUGLE146Cesena, Italy SCHOOL OF THE FUTURE148Delft, The Netherlands BEEM-UP151Drammen, Norway SCHOOL OF THE FUTURE154Eibar, Spain ZENN156Genoa, Italy R2CITIES157Halmstad, Sweden E2REBUILD158Istanbul, Turkey R2CITIES160Milan, Italy EU-GUGLE162Munich, Germany E2REBUILD164Oslo, Norway ZENN166Oulou, Finland E2REBUILD168Paris, France BEEM-UP170Roosendaal, the Netherlands E2REBUILD173Sestao, Spain EU-GUGLE175Stuttgart, Germany SCHOOL OF THE FUTURE177Tampere, Finland EU-GUGLE179

Valladolid, Spain R2CITIES182Vienna, Austria EU-GUGLE184Voiron, France E2REBUILD186Large-scale energy systems for urban heating and cooling188Brescia, Italy PITAGORAS189Cologne, Germany CELSIUS192Genoa, Italy CELSIUS195Gothenburg, Sweden CELSIUS197London, United Kingdom CELSIUS199Rotterdam, the Netherlands CELSIUS201Sustainable energy solutions: the CONCERTO communities203Cernier, Switzerland SOLUTION204Galanta, Slovakia GEOCOM207Hartberg, Austria SOLUTION209Høje-Taastrup, Denmark ECO-Life212Hvar, Croatia SOLUTION215Kortrijk, Belgium ECO-Life218Lapua, Finland SOLUTION220Montieri, Italy GEOCOM222Mórahalom, Hungary nclusion2527

The making of a smart city: best practices across Europe8

Introduction Smart Cities Information System: Empowering smartsolutions for better citiesEnsuring that successful innovative technologies tested in European cities are replicated inother budding projects lies at the heart of the Smart Cities Information System (SCIS). Bringingtogether project developers, cities, institutions, industry and experts from across Europe, SCISencourages the exchange of data, experience and know-how to collaborate on the creation ofsmart cities and an energy-efficient urban environment.SCIS encompasses data collected from ongoing and futuresmart city and energy-efficient projects co-funded by theEuropean Union. The data is collected through digital toolsand displayed on one website platform1, convenientlyaccessible for users, which encourages the input of datafrom city projects. From this stored information, analysiscan be drawn and recommendations can be made to allowreplication and the spread of good practice.However, SCIS is more than just a database of projectsand a list of project-specific problems or an inventory ofhigh-level policies. Focusing on energy, mobility and transport, and ICT, SCIS showcases solutions in the fields ofenergy efficiency in buildings, energy system integration,sustainable energy solutions at district level, smart citiesand communities, and strategic sustainable urban planning.SCIS provides support to stakeholders through two key kindsof output. One is through technical information providedvia a specially developed self-reporting tool and visualisedon the website; the second is through the lessons andrecommendations from the projects collected in surveys,which are collected and classified on the website.With the aim of fostering replication, SCIS analyses projectresults and experiences to: 1establish best practices, which will enable projectdevelopers and cities to learn and replicate;www.smartcities-infosystem.eu identify barriers and point out lessons learned, withthe purpose of finding better solutions for technologyimplementation and policy development;provide recommendations to policymakers onsupport and the policy actions needed to addressmarket gaps.As part of the initiative’s ambitions to replicate the workof smart city projects, SCIS is producing three publications: The making of a smart city: policy recommendationsfor local, national and EU decision-makers will reachout to decision-makers at local, regional, national andEuropean levels to advise them on analysis drawnfrom the data acquired through smart city projects.The making of a smart city: best practices acrossEurope will present EU-funded projects with the aimof profiling the best techniques and role models.The making of a smart city: replication and scale-upof innovation in Europe will present how key technologies and innovative solutions can be replicated andthe steps necessary to achieve this.‘Empowering smart solutions for better cities’ is themotto of the SCIS and lies at the heart of our ambitionof creating a more secure and sustainable energy sectorin Europe.9

The making of a smart city: best practices across EuropeAbout The making of a smart city:best practices across EuropeIn this publication, we present to you the success storiesand the challenges: and, above all, the opportunities forreplication that we believe can assist European cities onthe way to becoming smarter. Some of the best practicesof projects in cities from across Europe are showcasedand their innovative technologies in energy, mobility andtransport, and ICT are presented.Replication is a key word in the smart city community.Replication builds up innovation and technological transfer.At the heart of a successful replication, lies the challengeof finding suitable financing and coming up with innovativebusiness models, whilst sharing knowledge, good practicesand lessons learned. In this publication we profile projects in80 cities across Europe. We take a standardized approachin order to ensure that the information is easily read andunderstandable.The projects have been clustered by themes reflecting thefocus of their demonstrations and research activities: 2The following table has been used at city level as a summaryof the main information about the project.FAC T S & F I G U R E SGeographical areanameDemonstration aream2Population in the areanumber of inhabitantsTotal investment Funding from EU Final energy savingskWh/yrPrimary energy savingskWh/yrCO2 emissions reductiontCO2/yrSmart Cities & Communities Lighthouse projectsStrategic sustainable city planningDemonstration of very low-energy buildingsDemonstration of optimized energy systems for highperformance energy districts Demonstration of nearly zero-energy buildingrenovation for cities and districtsLarge-scale energy systems for urban heating andcoolingSustainable energy solutions: the CONCERTOcommunities.More detailed information can be found on the SCISwebsite2 in easy-to-navigate sections where projects,technologies and lessons learned can be filtered andclustered in a variety of ways to meet the expectationsof stakeholders with different expertise and interest.10Impact: key performance indicatorswww.smartcities-infosystem.eu Geographical area: the name of the area where theproject takes place.Demonstration area: size of the area affected by thehigh-efficient interventions. When the interventionsconcerns only buildings, this area corresponds tothe sum of the newly constructed and/or renovatedbuildings. In the case of a city-level intervention, thedemonstration area refers to the total estimated areaaffected, which includes the area of the buildings plusthe area served by the mobility interventions.Population in the area: Population that is directlyaffected by the project actions. As before, when theactions concerns only buildings, this number corresponds to the occupants of newly constructed and/or renovated buildings. In the case of a city-levelaction, the population in the area refers to thetotal estimated inhabitants affected by the energy,mobility and transport and ICT measures.

Total investment: total amount of money allocatedfor the whole intervention.Funding from EU: total amount of money covered bythe European financial mechanisms.Final energy savings: this KPI indicates the yearlyreduction of the delivered energy to end users inorder to provide desired services (e.g. number oftravels or comfort levels within a building) afterthe interventions carried out within the project. Thesavings take into consideration the energy consumption from the reference situation (according to thenormative or to business as usual). These savingsare calculated as an addition of the thermal (heatingor cooling) energy and electricity in the whole demosite (lighting and appliances, e-mobility) to considerall savings.Primary energy savings: this KPI indicates the primaryenergy, this is, raw energy before any conversion,which is saved thanks to the interventions carried outwithin the whole project. It is calculated accordingto the primary energy factors either reported by theproject or given by the relevant literature.CO2 reduction: this KPI indicates the tonnes ofCO2 that are saved yearly thanks to the interventions carried out within the project. It is calculatedaccording to the CO2 factors either reported by theproject or given by the relevant literature.Technologies: key performanceindicatorsThe following table has been used at city level as a summaryof the main technical information of the project actions.Retrofitted area: net floor area of the energy efficientbuilding/buildings renovated within the project.ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGSRetrofitted aream2Newly built aream2Investment /m2Payback periodnumber of yearsFinal energy demand(baseline)kWh/m2/yrFinal energy demand (after)kWh/m2/yrCO2 emissions reductiontCO2/yrEnergy supplylist of technologies usedto supply the building Retrofitted area: net floor area of the energy-efficientbuilding(s) renovated within the project.Newly built area: net floor area of the energy-efficientbuilding(s) built within the project.Investment: total amount of money allocated for theintervention of the buildings reported.Payback period: time in which the initial cash outflowof investment is expected to be recovered from thecash inflows (savings) generated by the investment.11

The making of a smart city: best practices across Europe 12Final energy demand (baseline): delivered energyto end users that is demanded to provide desiredservices within the building (e.g. comfort levels),taking into consideration the energy consumptionfrom the reference situation (according to the normative or to business as usual). The total final energydemand is calculated as an addition of the thermal(heating or cooling) energy and electricity. In casemore than one building is involved in the intervention,the average for the buildings is given.Final energy demand (after): delivered energy to endusers that is demanded to provide the same servicesafter the intervention. The total final energy demandis calculated as an addition of the final thermal(heating or cooling) energy and electricity deliveredto the building. In case more than one building isinvolved in the intervention, the average for thebuildings is given.CO2 emissions reduction: this KPI indicates the tonnesof CO2 that are saved yearly thanks to the intervention carried out in the buildings. It is calculatedaccording to the CO2 factors either reported by theproject or found in literature. In case more than onebuilding is involved in the intervention, the averagefor the buildings is given.Energy supply: list of technologies used to supplythe building.* DisclaimerThe projects in scope of the Smart Cities InformationSystem cover a broad list of topics and different timelines.While the CONCERTO projects have already provided dataand the related work is considered finished, most of theEnergy efficiency in buildings, Smart cities and communitiesand Lighthouse projects are still running and still updatingtheir project information. Therefore, the current publicationcompiles the maximal amount of data that can be includedat the moment of printing in order to present an overallpicture based on projects’ maturity. When monitoring datawas not available, design data or expected results wereused as source of information for the calculation of theKPIs. In these cases, individual disclaimers have been addedin order to inform the reader that further information willbe available at a later stage. When no information wasavailable, the corresponding rows of the tables were notincluded.* Disclaimer IIDue to their innovative nature, some of the technologies presented in the publication show a paybackthat is longer than 30 years. This is attributed to thefact that the technologies are not fully mature, theirproduction volumes are small and therefore initialinvestment is high. This, however, does not reflectthe non-monetary benefits the implementation ofthese technologies has in the social and environmental sphere. Additionally, demonstration of innovativetechnologies that are far from market leads to an increase in their technology readiness level and is at thehearts of the projects, included in this publication.

33814455243181211173#Number of smartcities per countrypresented in thispublication13

The making of a smart city: best practices across EuropeSmart Cities & CommunitiesLighthouse projectsSmart Cities & Communities Lighthouseprojects are key role models at the districtlevel. Lighthouse projects promote anintegrated smart city approach, demonstratingeffective solutions in the integration of sustainable homes and buildings, smart grid solutions(electricity, district heating, telecom, water, etc.),clever use of energy storage, electric vehicles andinnovative charging infrastructures, as well as thelatest generation ICT platforms. These projects areaccompanied by energy-efficiency measures andthe use of very high shares of renewables. Theirgoal is to facilitate a successful transformationtowards intelligent, user-driven and demandoriented city infrastructures and services.Lighthouse cities develop and test integratedinnovative solutions and act as exemplars fortheir region. They are committed to transferingknowledge and experience to facilitate successfulreplication adaptable to different local conditions.14

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smart city and energy-efficient projects co-funded by the European Union. The data is collected through digital tools and displayed on one website platform1, conveniently accessible for users, which encourages the input of data from city projects. From this stored information, analysis

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