THE ANACALYPSIS OF GODFREY HIGGINS.
THE ANACALYPSIS OF GODFREYHIGGINS.A remark by Schiller, in connection with the initiation ofMoses by the Egyptian priests, is also given :—" These ceremonies were connected with tho mysterious images andhieroglyp hics. And the hidden truths so carefully concealed under(Concluded from page 99.)them , and used in their rites, were all comprised under tho name ofmysteries, such as had been used in tho temples of Isis and Serapis,oftheReviewpartinshissecondBRO. HUGHAN begwhich were the models of the mysteries of Elousis, and Samothraceof this work by quoting the following exposition of and, in more modern times, gave rise to the Order of Freema sonry."Freemasonry by the Author :—" Freemasonry is known to bo founded on principles of universalbenevolence, and not to bo confined to one class, or to ono religion .I think I may venture to say, it is so constituted , that , although itwould not refuse to receive a single Deist, no test being required , yetall its forms, ceremonies, and doctrines, are so constituted as, in avery peculiar manner, to bo applicable at the same time to the doctrines of Judaism , Christianity, and Mohammedanism."This view, thinks Bro. Hughan , is far too liberal forsome Grand Lodges of the present day, and directly atvariance with the regulations of th ose Grand Lodges whichrequire that candidates within their several jurisdictionsshall hold the Christian faith. Tho opinion, he owns, iscorrect as regards British Freemasonry, but doubts if itwould commend itself to all the Grand Lodges in theUnited States and in Europe, though the majority ofthem are liberal and in harmony " with the width andbreadth , ancl heighth and dep th of universal Freemasonry."Ho thon quotes , in a modernised form, the first of the OldSectarian Charges of Dr. Anderson , who, " earl y as it wasthen to recognise the neutral platform which Freemasonryof the future was to occupy, " he say s, " appears to havehad a glimpse of the subsequent career of the Fraternity,and of the unsectarian basis on which the permanentFreemasonic Institution was to rest." This charge distinctly lays ifc down that—"Though in ancient times, Masons wero charged in every countryto be of the religion of that country or nation , whatever it was, yetit is now thought more expedient only to oblige them to that religionin which all men agree, leaving their particular opinions to themselves—that is, to be good men and true, or men of Honour and Honesty."Thus , says Bro. Hughan , "the Christian character of theSociety under the operative regime of former centuries ,was exchanged for the unsectarian regulations which wereto include under its wing the votaries of all sects—withoutrespect to their differences, or colour, or clime, provided ,the simple conditions were observed of morality, matureage, and an approved ballot." He then quotes Bro.Higgins as to the ancient mysteries in relation to Freemasonry :—" I believe," writes the latter, " that a certain class of persons,initiated into tho higher mysteries of the ancients, were what arecalled Carmelites Therapeutic and Essemens," or that they constituteda part of, or were formed out of these sects, and wero what we nowcall Freemasons. They wero also called Chaldffii and Mathematici(p. 301, vol 1.) * * * * I think tho mysteries were like Masonry ; indeed , we shall soon see, it is highly probable , that theMasons were a branch of the initiated—Masonry, a branch of theart. (p. 590). * * * * I think I have stated enough to raiseor justify what the Jesuits call a probable opinion , that tho Masonicceremonies or secrets are descendants of the Eleusinian mysteries.Everybody knows the now ridiculous traditionary fancy that a Masonis, in some way, marked or branded or mutilated before he can boadmitted into the Order. I believe this, liko most other traditions ,had not its origin from nothing. I believe the higher classes ofMasons were originall y persons who were admitted into the mysteriesof Elensis and Egypt, aud that they were Chaldaeans and Mathematici, and I believe that what the above tradition of tho brandingalluded to, was circumcision , and that they were circumcised.Origen and Clemens Alexandrinus both affirm , that tho secretlearning of the Egyptian s was only taught to such persons as hadundergone the operation of circumcision ; for which reason , it wassubmitted to by Pythagoras. The same word in Hebrew means bothinitiated and circumcised," (p. 724.)And then is given an op inion of Bro. Higgins to theeffect that "the mysteries were not the ori gin of Masonry :they were Masonry itself; for Masonry was a part of them. "But, though, as we have seen, Bro. Hughan has quotedfreel y, with a view to make apparent the nature of Bro.Higgins's belief as to the ancient mysteries and ancientFreemasonry, he does not endorse them , save when it isdistinctly so stated. Bro. Hughan thinks it well thecharacter of the work should be known , but he will notconstitute himself the ju dge of its merits. We " onlyretain ," he says, " what we may adopt, and exclude fromthese pages what seems to us entirel y fabulous," leaving itto the reader to form his own op inion from the passagesquoted , passages " all the more valuable as they have beenquoted direct from the ori ginals." Proceeding in his commentary, he then gives the following declaration by theauthor :— " I have no doubt that the cabalistic ceconomy was similar to thatof a Lodge of Freemasons , and proceeded to the top by gradation ,and that Masonry, which was a part of it , existed long before thetime of the Exod fro m Egypt. * * * * Tho ancient Jewsmaintained that their cabala was revealed by God to Moses, and wastransmitted verball y ; it being too sacred to be written. (This is verylike Freemasonry), (p. 817, vol . I.) * * * * If a person reflectdeeply upon the circumstances in which the first priests must havebeen placed when tho earliest attempt at building atemple was made,he will perceive that it was quite natural for them to become Masons.* # * # Th e Christian rel igion was divided by the early fathers ,in its secret and mysterious character , into three degrees, thesame as that of Elensis, viz. : Purif ication , Initiation , and Perfection ,"(p. 822) .To this Bro. Hughan takes exception. He " cannot seethat similar customs, in early religious systems , and modernMasonic societies, should be taken as proof of the latterhaving been the creation of the former, or, indeed , thatMasonry ever had intimate or partial connection with them.The simple fact of the introduction of grades into Freemasonry, ought surel y not to be taken as indicative of theMasonic character of the ancient reli gions mentioned, because they also had grades, and so , of course , they wereMasons ! The operative ori g in of Masonry is a much moredesirable foundation for our society to rest upon thanthe strange and most extraordinary beginning and earlycareer sketched by Bro. Hi gg ins, and which , when jud gedin the li ght of our late discoveries, certainly vanished intothin air.' " He thinks, however, it would be a great advantage if Bro. Dr. Mackey would examine the author 'sassertions, on all that refers to our history, so far as it maybe involved in the study of the ancient mysteries. Such anopinion would be exceedingly valuable , and we trust thelearned editor of the Voice of Masonry will find the time tocomply with Bro. Hughan 's invitation. But to return toBro. Hi ggins. The following statement by him is nextgiven :—" The monks of Tibet, at Eleusis, in Egypt, at Jerusalem or Camel,in our circular chapters , were the preservers of the secret Pythagoreandoctrines of numbers, of the Eas, or Mystery, or Masonry, or perhaps,more properly, the doctrines of the IE, the J AII ,—the mesos or meson-ry,or the Saviour, or cross-borne—renewed io every cycle, as described inVirgil. I need scarcely remind my Masonic reader that all tho,
secret s of Masonry are concealed in the Hebrew or Chaldeo language ; was a Eas or wise man, and that a Mason in Eajapoutana is called athat is, in tho language of the Brahmin of Ur and Colida, where Mr. Raz , which also means mystery ; and now I take the liberty ofEllis was poisoned for being known to possess them (p. 790, vol. I.)" observing to my brethren , that they are called Eoyal Arch Masons,not because they havo anything to do with kings, but because theyOn this,Bro. Hughan remarks :—"In our Masonic Investi- are Raia-Pont-an Masons (p. 770.")gations we have always been most anxious to separat e factfrom fiction , actual occurrences from simple traditions , andwhilst not at all desirous to undervalue the importance of ourtraditions, yet we have always maintained they should not beinvested with the character of being actual realities , whenthey are not , but that they should be just regarded simplyas traditions and nothing more." On the other hand Bro.Higgins " apparently seizes hold of every tradition—nomatter how absurd or unlikely — as if he had unequivocal evidence before him." Hence Bro. Hughan declinesto accept sundry of his statements, " unless supportedby positive proof." Hence, too, he regards the foregoingstatements not as the narration of facts , but only as curiousfancies put into words.Then comes a passage from Bro. Higgins, in which isrecorded " a curious incident not without food for consideration ."" After I had, from various sources and by various means, added toreasoning, nearly arrived at a conviction, that the an cient order ofFreemasons arose in India , and was established there , as a mystery,in tho earliest periods , my conviction acquired wonderful strengthfrom a knowledge of tho fact which I shall now mention. I shall becensured for stating facts in this way ; but I write truly and for thotruth , and for this purpose alono. The style or order in such a workas this is not worth naming. At the time that I learned from Captain, the gentleman who was named in my last chapter , thoparticul ars respecting the tomb of St. Thomas, I was also told by himthat ho was on the strictest intimacy with tho lato — Ellis , Esq., ofthe Madras Establishment : that Mr. Ellis told him that the password and forms used by the Master Masons in their Lodgo would passa person into tho sanctum sanctoru m of an Indian Temp lo; thai he,Mr. Ellis, had , by means of his knowled ge as a Master Mason ,actually passed himself into the sacred part or ady turn of ono of them.Soon after Mr. Ellis told this to my informant , ho was taken suddenl yill, and died, ancl my informant stated that ho had no doubt , notwithstanding tho mistake which his friends called it * * * * ingiving some medicine, that ho was poisoned by his servants for having done this very act, or for being known to possess this knowl edgeNow , when this is coupled with tho fact of the Masonic emblemsfound on tho Cyclopean ruins of Agra and Mnndore , I think , withoutfear of contradiction ,!may venture to assume, that tho oriental originof Freemasonry cannot bo disputed ,—and that I may reason upon itaccordingly."Bro. Hughan thinks it unlikely that any, having the fateof this Mr. Ellis before him , will voluntaril y encounter therisk of a similar fate, in which case he asks , "how are suchstatements to bo tested ? It falls in with tho popularnotion of the universal character and powers of Masonicsigns, but certainl y does not agree with our facts , whichhave been laboriously accumulated aud examined time aftertime without tbeir testimony being shaken."The opinion of the American Masonic Bibliographer ,Bro. Enoch T Carson, is quoted as to the two works, theCeltic Druids and tho Anacalypsis, by Bro. Hi ggins, butwhile Bro. Hughan expresses a very favourable jud gmentof their merits, he very properl y points ont that the viewsexpressed in them must be most ri gidly examined beforethey are accepted " as correct," and that " while we cannotfail to admire the diligence of the author, we must alsoadmit that his inferences aro frequentl y not justified by theevidence he submits." We are then invited to a consideration of the following passage bearing on the Royal ArchDegree. Says Bro. Hi ggins :—On this, Brother Hughan remarks that he has " neverbeen able to trace the Royal Arch of Freemasonry longbefore 1740 ;" that he believes his experience agrees withthat " of the editors of the VOICE , particularly of Dr. Mackey,who has made the Ritual and History of that degree hisspecial subject," and that he has " had more than onefriendly discussion with our esteemed and learned brother,the Rev. A. F. A. Woodford , M.A., who rather leans to amuch older ori gin than we can ascribe to Royal ArchMasonry." Ho further bestows a word of just praise onthe late Dr. Oliver's Orig in of the Eng lish Boyal Arch(London : R. Spencer & Co.) He furth er states he ispretty sure " that nothing has yet been published to provethe existence of such a degree prior to A.D., 1738," and heknows that " Rituals about the period mentioned , as wellas those of later dates, clearly point out tho fact that forsome years afer the Revival of Freemasonry in London ,A.D., 1717, the real and distinctive ceremonies of RoyalArch Masonry' were worked in the Master Mason's Degree.If such," ho says " wero not the case, what means thefrequent reference to the fact that Master Masons j ourneyed to tho West ' in search of that which was lost, butis now found ,' which subsequently is declared to be tho' Master Mason 's word ,' and which word is then exchanged for the substituted word communicated in theformer part of the ceremony ? If the Royal Arch Degreein its separate and distinct form existed prior to 1738, andindeed , was as old as the Third Degree, how comes it thatthe regular Grand Lodge of England persistently refusedto recognise it until 1813, but the body of Masons whichseceded from this ori ginal and premier Grand Lod ge,made much of the degree, and by it we may truly say,succeeded in making their numerical position in a fewyears, almost equal to the regular Grand Lod ge itself ? "Bro. Higgins, however, it is pointed out , " distances all ofus, in his belief in the antiquity of Royal Arch Masonry,for he considers the society existed and its membersflourished hefore the invention of hey-sbned or radiatedarches.Bro. Hughan thinks this must be intended "ina fi gurative sense ;" otherwise, he cannot follow him inhis faith, " as he has failed to afford us tho necessary evidence !"Respecting the Masonic Societies of Germany, BroHiggins, we are told, says :—" About tho middle of the last century, tho Masonic societiesshowed themselves in Germany in a more prominent way than theyhad done for many generations, and , under the guidance of severalable and philanthropic men, both Catholic and Protestant priests andlaymen , it is probable, gave encouragement to resistan ce to thounited despotism of the Eoman Pontiffs and tho Eoyal tyrants ofEurope, which , in France and Germany, had risen to such a pitch asto be no longer tolerable. Tho activity of the Masons being discovered , it produced the persecution of their Ord er all over the Continent , and it was much increased in consequence of several publications of three persons, called Zimmerman , Baruel, and Eobinson.The first was decidedly insane, and the other two were operated uponby groundless fears in such a manner as to be in a state very littlebetter, and which rendered them totall y incapabl e of distinguishing between the destruction of religion, and the destruction of tho base systemto which the professors of religion had made it subservient. Theyall admit that the British Masons had nothing to do with these h y dra headed conspiracies , and endeavour to draw a line between them audtheir continental brethren , being unable to see that the difference" Tho Temple at Elensis had a very largo dome, which was of great was not in tho Societies , which wero tho same, but in the countries—anti quity, long before the time usuall y allotted to the invention of Britain being comparativel y free and happy, the other countriesthe arch , with radiated stones. * * * * I request my brother enslaved and miserable.Masons of the Royal Arch to place themselves in the middle of thonew room at Freemasons' Tavern , when lighted up, and then to reflectBro. Hughan applauds this view of the subject. He pointsnpon all their ceremonies , on which of course I cannot enlarge, and I also that " Freemasonry, of course, is entirely neutral as asuspect they will find themselves both at Elensis and at Bitchem , andSociety, both as respects reli gion and politics and so it hasin India. # * * * Wo know very well that there were no archesalwaysbeen claimed to be since the revival of 1717." Beforein tho Temple of Jerusalem , that is, radiated arches ; but wo alsoknow that there were vaults in which there were great treasures. then , however, it had not been " neutral as regards religion .# # # # These arches , I apprehend , were of tho nature of that for nearly all the copies of its Regulations and tradition aryof the Treasury of Atreus at Messina , and of the Cupola of Komilar , History commence with an Invocation to the Trinit y, anddescribed by Col . Tod. If a person wanted to open such an arch , hewould use a rope, putting it round tho cap, and pulling it inside ; if contain many references to the Scri p ture and the Churchhe wanted to open a key-stone arch he would not use a rope, but a which clearly illustrated the intimate connection subsistingbetween the Priesthood " of past centuries and Operativehammer (p. 719, vol. I.)"The persons called Eoyal Arch Masons were the Archi-tect-onici, Masonry, an intimacy not wholly severed in some counbefore the invention of key-stoned or radiated arches tbe Cyclo- tries during the last century, and even now preserved inprean builders of the onl y stone edifices , at that time , in the world , some Lodges, where the Chaplain will conclude a prayerwhich were temples. * * * * The Archi-tect-onici , the Chalctei,the Gnostici, the Mathematici , the Dionisiaci , constituted a M YSTERY , with the words, ' through Jesus Christ our Lord andand erected Gothic buildings , the ruins of which now remain in India, Saviour/ even when Jews and Turks are sitting side bythousands of years before they existed in Europe. * * * I beg to side with Christians." Bro. Hughan further expresses hisrepeat to such of my readers as are Eoyal Arch Masons, that Solomon opinion that it is impossible to " obliterate all traces of
religion—and even Sectarian religion, as exhibited in theHol y Bible of tho Christians—from Freemasonry, withoutobliterating the Society at tho same time." But we shouldas much as possible ipfrain from " exhibiting the peculiarcharacteristics of Christianit y in our Lod ge prayers, whena duo regard to tho universal tendencies of the Craft shouldincite us to sink onr differences when wo ' meet on thesquare ,' and unite in our appeals to the Heavenly Father andCreator of the Universe, AV IIO is adored by all reli gious societies, and is the Great I Am of all creeds." As regardspolitics, however, there is assuredly nothing to warrant thebelief that Freemasonry was ever " a political society of anykind , at any time, or politically was ever of any consequenceto mention , to any party, whether in power or otherwise.On the contrary, its real tendencies are, and appear to haveever been, to soften and well-nigh extinguish all politicaldistinctions and rivalries within the sacred precincts of theLodge. " In fact, says Bro. Hughan , " We know of nothingwhich practicall y is so unpolitical in its general action ,and yet so purely reli gious in its morality and constitution—apart from Christianity—as Freemasonry."Then are reproduced some earl y traditions , quoted in the,' Anacalypsis, as likely to prove of interest to all Masonicreaders, and especiall y to Royal Arch Companion s, whoaro able to detect in the following, much that is not newto them."The Mosque or Temple on Mount Moriah was built by tho CaliphOmar, the
mysteries, such as had been used in tho temples of Isis and Serapis, which were the models of the mysteries of Elousis, and Samothrace and, in more modern times, gave rise to the Order of Freemasonry." And then is given an opinion of Bro. Higgins to the effect that " the mysteries were not the origin of Masonry :
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Laminate & Timber Hard Flooring 07 LVP & Vinyl Sheet Hard Flooring 09 Polyester & Polypropylene Carpets . Silver Haze Rustic Grey 70 35 Per LM Per LM Godfrey Hirst Vinyl Sheet Godfrey Hirst Vinyl Sheet Godfrey Hirst Vinyl Sheet . Light Brown Red Brown Panther 38 10 Per BLM Per m Godfrey Hirst Polypropylene Godfrey Hirst
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
The modern approach is fact based and lays emphasis on the factual study of political phenomenon to arrive at scientific and definite conclusions. The modern approaches include sociological approach, economic approach, psychological approach, quantitative approach, simulation approach, system approach, behavioural approach, Marxian approach etc. 2 Wasby, L Stephen (1972), “Political Science .
