Local Employment Dynamics: Partnership, Employment And .

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Local Employment Dynamics:Partnership, Employment,and Public-Use DataRobert Sienkiewicz, Matthew Graham, and Earlene DowellLEHD ProgramCenter for Economic StudiesU.S. Census Bureau

Themes Strength (and Savings) in PartnershipInnovation is “Baked In”Infrastructure Supports Many UsesNew Data Products/Tools Must BeDemonstrated2

QuestionsWhich industries in my region are hiring olderworkers?Younger workers?Workers without a high school diploma?What do these jobs pay?3

QuestionsWhere do the workers employed downtownlive?What share of workers employed in mycommunity also live there?What share of workers with a short commutehave a college degree?4

QuestionsWhere did ND’s oil and gas workers come from(industry/geography)?Where did MI’s auto workers go to(industry/geography)?5

Local Employment DynamicsPartnership Then: Begun in late 1990s with a few states Goal to generate new labor market statistics fromexisting records (UI and firm info) Now: 53 partner states/territories3 data products4 web-based data toolsA culture of innovation and cost savings6

What’s In a Partnership? Sharing of costs (and data)Breadth of expertiseDiversity of ideas and needsNational scale and local knowledgeBut it requires commitment andmaintenance 7

Building on State Inputs We combine state records with otheradmin/census/survey data from the CensusBureau and other Federal agencies We can then create public statistics on: Firms & Establishments Jobs & Workers By Firm and Person Characteristics Without new respondent burden8

Admin. Records & LEDInfrastructureUI* WageRecordsEconomicSurvey DataQCEW*BusinessRegisterFirmDataQCEW Quarterly Census of Employment and WagesUI Unemployment InsuranceOPM Office of Personnel ManagementOPM*JobsDataLinkedNationalJobs onDataPublic-UseData Products Job data cover over 95% of private employment and most state, local,and federal jobs Data availability: 1990-2014, start year varies by state, rolling end date

Protecting Personal Information Some records enter the Census Bureau withSSNs, some with other personally identifiableinformation First, the SSN is replaced with a “protectedPersonidentification key” (PIK).Data The PIK is used for all further matching.10

Costs & Benefits, Risks &Rewards Universe-level data, but limited variables Less expensive than surveys, but less control More work cleaning the data, but if the dataare being used elsewhere, then they arealready pretty clean. Large frame micro-data linkages allowinnovative data products Cutting-edge confidentiality protection is key11

Data RelationshipsLED Data Products (QWI, LODES, J2J)provide indicators/measures aboutpersons, jobs, or firms by differentcombinations of geography, time,characteristics detail, and variableconstruction.Person Characteristics:Age, Sex, Race,Ethnicity, EducationFirm Characteristics:Ownership, Industry, Age, SizeResidence or Employment(Establishment) Location12

LED Data Products Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) Employment, Job Creation, Job Destruction, Hires,Separations, Turnover, Earnings By industry, county, and worker characteristics LEHD Origin Destination Employment Statistics(LODES) Employment and Workplace-Residence Connections Detailed geography firm/worker characteristics Job-to-Job Flows (Beta) Data being released over coming months13

Choosing Among LED DataProductsDataProductWhy Choose It?Potential DrawbacksQWIYou need employment, hires, separations,No geography below county;turnover, or earnings by detailed industry or no residential informationperson characteristics, quarterly timeresolution, or a relatively short data lagLODESYou need employment for detailed orcustomized geography, or you need theresidential patterns of the workforceAnnual time resolution; lessdetailed firm/personcharacteristics; significantdata lag (temporary)J2JYou need to understand transitions ofworkers among jobsData product still underdevelopment*14*But feedback is welcome.

Choosing Data 1When should I be interested in using LED datacompared to other available statistics?Suppose I’m primarily interested in EmploymentDo I need the latest national estimate available? Current Employment Statistics (CES) Employment by industry - ‘the payroll survey’ Current Population Survey (CPS) Employment status and demographics - ‘thehousehold survey’Some sub-state geographies are available concurrentlythrough Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)15

Choosing Data 2But suppose I need either sub-national employmentdata or statistics by detailed industry:Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) Employment by detailed industry, sub-state geographyand better employment coverage (6-month lag)Quarterly Workforce Statistics (QWI) Employment by detailed industry, sub-state geography,and worker demographics (age, sex, education, race) andfewer cell suppressions than the QCEW (9-month lag)American Community Survey (ACS) Employment status by more sub-state geographies thanCPS/LAUS (9-month lag)LODES/OnTheMap Employment at the block-level ( 1 year lag)County Business Patterns (CBP) Employment at the zipcode-level ( 1 year lag)16

Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) Detailed workforcedynamics, by workercharacteristics and firmcharacteristics Popular uses: Local workforcedemographics Local industry workforcetrends Workforce turnover, jobcreation and destruction17

Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) Can see workforcecomposition bydetailed firmcharacteristics Such as what shareof the workforce atstartup firms isfemale?Percentage of Female Workers at New Firms, 2002 - 201253%52%51%Actual50%49%48%Constant2002 IndustryShares47%46%45%Note: "New Firms" are firms of age 0 or 1. "Actual" is the percentage of female workers at new firms observed in the data."Constant 2002 Industry Shares" measures the hypothetical percentage of female workers at new firms, assuming that the distribution of new firms acrossindustries remained constant at their 2002Q2 levels. Data is for privately-owned firms and excludes workers in the following states: AZ, AR, DC, MA, MS &NH.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, Quarterly Workforce Indicators, 2013 Q3 Release18

Choosing Data 3Suppose I’m primarily interested inHires/Separations/TurnoverDo I need the most current national data (1 monthlag) or do I want to differentiate between quitsand layoffs? Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey(JOLTS)Do I need sub-national data (state/county), data byworker demographics, or for detailed industries? Quarterly Workforce Statistics (QWI)19

Choosing Data 4Suppose I’m primarily interested in WagesState and Regional Wage Information by Occupation? Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)Wages by Detailed Industry and Geography? Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)Wages by Detailed Industry and Geography and by WorkerDemographics? Starting Wages for New Hires by Industryand Geography? Quarterly Workforce Statistics (QWI)20

Choosing Data 5Suppose I’m primarily interested in CommutingTransportation mode, time to work, work at home? American Community Survey (ACS) Commuting DataCommuting for Detailed/Custom Areas or MultipleJobholders? LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES)21

Job-to-Job Flows Types of questions that can be answered: How did the growth and decline in constructionjobs in the last decade impact the ability of lowwage workers to move to better jobs? Where are North Dakota’s oil boom workerscoming from? Download data fromhttp://lehd.ces.census.gov/data/j2j beta.html22

Public Data Tools All tools are free and available 24/7. Live Demonstrations of QWI ExplorerLED Extraction Tool (QWI)OnTheMapOnTheMap for Emergency Management25

Real World ExamplesSome brief examples of from our users 33

LODES: An Examination ofMaryland Enterprise Zones34

LODES: An Examination ofMaryland Enterprise Zones35

QWI: Education and Employmentin Utah36

QWI: A Comparison of I-95 andI-270 Corridors37

Kansas City, MO – Earnings Tax Civic Council of Greater Kansas City 1% Earnings Tax on gross compensation for allthose living or working in KCMO In 2010 & 2011, ballot challenges to the taxwere brought to voters LODES and QWI from LED helped thecommunity focus on “issues and outcomes”and showed “tax and benefits are shared withnon-KCMO residents.”38

Takeaways The LED Partnership provides unique dataproducts and tools at a relatively low cost LED data products (QWI, LODES, J2J) can giveinsight into local and regional economies andlabor markets LED’s web tools provide free, 24/7 access to abasic analytical platform for the data42

Bon Voyage! Local Employment Dynamics lehd.ces.census.gov Contact Robert.Sienkiewicz@census.gov Matthew.Graham@census.gov Earlene.KP.Dowell@census.gov Tools .html43

LEHD Origin Destination Employment Statistics (LODES) Employment and Workplace-Residence Connections Detailed geography firm/worker characteristics Job-to-Job Flows (Beta) Data being released over coming months 13

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