How Many Children Have Overweight Or Obesity In Colorado .

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Childhood Overweightand ObesityColoradoinChronic Diseases and Related Risk Factors in ColoradoHow many children have overweight or obesity in Colorado?Nearly1 in 4 children had overweight or obesity in 2016.(22.3% or about 145,500 children ages 5-14 years)The percent of children ages 5-14 years who had underweight,healthy weight, overweight, or obesity, Colorado, 2016.The percent of children ages 5-14 years who had overweight orobesity did not change significantly from th weight( 5th percentile)(5th- 85thpercentile)9.110.19.1Overweight(85th- 95thpercentile)5Obese ( 95thpercentile)Data source: Colorado Child Health Survey.Height and weight reported by child’s primary 20100 16.013.62014201513.22016*Due to rounding, the sum of the values represented here for overweight (13.0) andobese (10.1) do not add to the actual estimate of overweight and obese (23.2).Why is childhood obesity a public health concern?Childhood obesity has become a national epidemic and is now the number one health concern among parents.1 Nationally, thepercent of children ages 2-19 years who have overweight or obesity more than doubled from 15.4% in 1971-1974 to 33.4% in 20132014. The percent of children who have obesity more than tripled from 5.2% in 1971-1974 to 17.2% in 2013-2014. Additionally, since2001-2002 the percent of children who have obesity has been greater than the percent of children who have body mass indexes(BMIs)* that are categorized as overweight.2The percent of low-income preschool children ages 2-4 who hadoverweight or obesity decreased significantly from 2012-2016.The percent of high school students who had overweight orobesity did not change significantly from 2013 to 913.320122013201420152016050Data source: Colorado Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).Height and weight obtained by healthcare provider at designated WIC clinic.Data source: Healthy Kids Colorado Survey.Height and weight are self-reported.*Underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity are defined based on an individual’s body mass index (BMI) calculated from their height and weight. For moreinformation on these definitions, including how the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment reports childhood BMI refer to: BMI-factsheet.pdfJuly 2017

The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment acknowledges that generations-long social, economic and environmental inequities result in adversehealth outcomes. They affect communities differently and have a greater influence on health outcomes than either individual choices or one’s ability to accesshealth care. Reducing health disparities through policies, practices and organizational systems can help improve opportunities for all Coloradans.What populations bear the burden of childhood obesity?6.816.6Black16.1Asian/ Pacific 3.112.413.611.15-11 Years12-14 cal Healthhome insurance11.4White HispanicYesFoodPovertyinsecure* levelWhite, non-HispanicSexRace/ EthnicityThe percent of children ages 5-14 years who had overweight or obesity by demographic factors, Colorado, 2012-2016.0-250 FPLNo12.712.5No7.514.813.514.5 250% 0Percent253035Data source: Colorado Child Health Survey.FPL: federal poverty level.*Food insecurity data are from 2012-2013 and 2015-2016. Food insecurity is defined as caregiver reporting that they often or sometimes rely on low-cost food to feed the child.Medical home defined as having a usual source of care, a personal doctor or nurse, family-centered care, and effective care coordination and getting needed referrals.The prevalence of overweight or obesity was significantly higher among childrenwho had:Low-income and food-insecure childrenare more vulnerable to overweightand obesity for several reasons, including½½ Food insecurity.½½ Household incomes of 250% federal poverty level or less.limited resources and lack of access to healthy,affordable foods; fewer opportunities forphysical activity; cycles of food deprivation andover-eating; high stress levels; greater exposuresto marketing of obesity-promoting products;and limited access to health care.3½½ No medical home.The prevalence of overweight or obesity was significantly higher among Black,Hispanic and other race children compared with White non-Hispanic and Asian orPacific Islander children.Males were more likely to have obesity compared with females.The prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ significantly based onhealth insurance status or child’s OUTTChildhood overweight andobesity is a problem that affectschildren across Colorado,regardless of where they GTONCLEARCREEKEAGLEGARFIELDThe 2012-2016 prevalence of childhoodoverweight or obesity varied significantlyfor only two Health Statistics Regions(HSRs). Douglas County comprises anHSR that had an overweight or obesityprevalence that was significantly lowerthan the statewide prevalence. PuebloCounty comprises an HSR that hadan overweight or obesity prevalencethat was significantly higher than thestatewide prevalence.MORGANGRANDRIO BLANCODENVERARAPAHOEJEFFERSONELBERTPITKINLAKEKIT CARSONDOUGLASPARKMESALINCOLNDELTACHEYENNEEL OCROWLEYOURAYSAN SSAN JUANMONTEZUMALA PLATAMINERALARCHULETARIO GRANDECONEJOSHUERFANOALAMOSACOSTILLALAS ANIMASBACAFacts for Action: Chronic Diseases and Related Risk Factors in Colorado

What causes overweight and obesity among children?Obesity among children or adults results from an energy imbalance, where energy intake (calories) exceeds energy expenditure.Although biology and genetics play a major role in obesity, the related energy imbalance is a result of a complex interaction of social,environmental, economic, and behavioral factors.4,5I M PA C T I N C R E A S E SIndividual behaviors, knowledge,attributions, and beliefs that affect health.Individuals’ interactions between oneanother and their social networks.Institutions and organizations (e.g., schools,workplaces, faith-base institutions).Geographic, political, cultural,and other groups.Structures, policies, and systems thataffect the built environment.Population-level childhood obesity preventionThe CDC and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend several strategies in school, preschool and child-care center, community, home,and healthcare settings to increase healthy eating and physical activity.6,7 Many of these recommended strategies promote environmentalfactors that support the healthy choice being the easy choice for children and their parents. In other words, these recommendedstrategies aim to reduce environments that promote increased consumption of less healthy food and physical inactivity, e.g., by reducingsugary drinks and less healthy foods on school campuses; enacting licensing regulations to ensure that child care facilities encouragemore healthful eating and physical activity; promoting daily, quality physical activity in all schools; changing the built environment toimprove access to safe and appealing places for physical activity; and increasing support for breastfeeding. In selecting strategies toprevent or treat obesity, it is important to examine the more proximal influences on the factors that affect energy imbalance and to usean evidence-based, multi-pronged approach.8,9Maternal behavioral factors influencing childhood obesity in ColoradoFactors related to the preconception, prenatal, and infancy periods are most stronglylinked to obesity risk in early childhood:7Childhood obesity risk factor2014 Colorado dataMaternal obesity prior topregnancy43.6% of mothers had overweight orobesity before pregnancyExcessive weight gain duringpregnancy44.7% of mothers gained more weightduring pregnancy than recommendedby the Institute of Medicine guidelinesbased on body mass index32.4% gained an appropriate amountHigh birth weight (4000 grams ormore)5.0% of babies had high birth weightLow birth weight (less than 2500grams)8.0% of babies had low birth weightMaternal smoking during pregnancy6.4% of mothers smoked during thelast 3 months of pregnancy (of thosewho smoked in the past 2 years)Focus on BreastfeedingBreastfeeding is associated with reducedrisk of childhood overweight and obesity;the risk is even lower with longer durationof breastfeeding.10 While more research isneeded, exclusive breastfeeding appearsto have a stronger effect than combinedbreast and formula feeding, and the effectof breastfeeding on overweight and obesityappears to remain into the teenage yearsand adulthood.The American Academy of Pediatricsrecommends “exclusive breastfeeding forabout 6 months, followed by continuedbreastfeeding as complementary foodsare introduced, with continuation ofbreastfeeding for 1 year or longer asmutually desired by mother and infant.”11Among children born in Colorado in2014, 67.4% were breastfed at age6 months, with much fewer beingexclusively breastfed at this age (35.3%)as per American Academy of Pediatricsrecommendations. A total of 40.3% ofchildren continued to breastfeed until 12months of age.Data source: National Immunization Survey.Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Colorado3

Do children in Colorado meet recommendations for preventive behaviors?Physical activity, sufficient sleep duration, and a balanced diet (including consumption of fruits and vegetables andrestricting sugary beverage consumption) are ways to help prevent obesity in individuals and populations.9,12,13,14More than three quarters of children in Colorado meet recommendations for screen time on weekdays, sleep, andsugary beverage consumption, but there is much room for improvement. Children are not doing as well at meetingrecommendations for physical activity, screen time on weekends, and fruit and vegetable consumption.PreventivebehaviorPhysical activity15Limited screen time16Sleep17Fruit consumption18Vegetableconsumption19No sugary beverageconsumption20How are children doing?2016 Colorado dataAbout half of children meetrecommendationsMost children meetrecommendations on weekdaysbut have more screen time onweekends 50.8% of children ages 5–14 years met recommendation of at least 60minutes per day 85.9% of children age 1-14 years had 2 hours or less of screen time on weekdays82.5% of children ages 1-487.0% of children ages 5-14 54.0% of children age 1-14 had 2 hours or less of screen time on weekend days 79.7% of children ages 1-4 years 45.1% of children ages 5-14 yearsMore than three quarters of children 76.0% of children ages 1–14 years met age-specific sleep recommendationsmeet recommendations 81.0% of children ages 1–2 years (11 hours) 73.4% of children ages 3–5 years (10 hours) 71.0% of children ages 6–12 years (9 hours) 89.2% of children ages 13–14 years (8 hours)About half of children meet 50.3% of children ages 1–14 years ate fruit 2 or more times per dayrecommendations 60.5% of children ages 1-4 years 46.9% of children ages 5-14 yearsAbout 1 in 8 children meet 13.4% of children ages 1–14 years ate vegetables 3 or more times per dayrecommendations 14.1% of children ages 1-4 years 13.1% of children ages 5-14 yearsMost children (about 8 in 10) drink 85.8% of children ages 1-14 years did not drink any sugary drinks in a typical dayless than 1 sugary drink per day 87.7% of children ages 1-4 years 85.1% of children ages 5-14 years Data source: Colorado Child Health Survey.What are the consequences of childhood obesity?Childhood obesity leads to health risks in childhood and later in life.21Health risk now High blood pressure and high cholesterol, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Breathing problems such as sleep apnea and asthma. Joint problems and musculoskeletal discomfort. Fatty liver disease, gallstones and gastro-esophageal reflux (i.e., heartburn). Social and psychological problems, such as discrimination and poor self-esteem, which can continue intoadulthood.In the Bogalusa Heart Study, 70% of obese children had at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor, and 39% hadtwo or more.22Health risk later in lifeChildren having obesity are more likely to become adults having obesity, and their obesity is likely to be more severe. Adultobesity is associated with several serious health conditions including heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers.In Colorado 2012-2016: 36% of children who had obesity had difficulties with emotions, concentration, behavior, or getting alongwith others compared with 23% of children who had healthy weight BMIs. 12% of children who had overweight or obesity had asthma compared with 7% of children who had underweightor normal weight BMIs.Data source: Colorado Child Health Survey.4Facts for Action: Chronic Diseases and Related Risk Factors in Colorado

1Overweight in Children. American Heart Association; 2014. Available at: yKids/ChildhoodObesity/Overweight-in-Children UCM 304054 Article.jsp#.WVasl7nmqie. Acc 2-17-17.2Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents Aged 2-19 Years: Untied States, 1936-1965 Through 2013-2014.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity child 13 14/obesity child 13 14.pdf. Acc. 2-17-17.3Food Research and Action Center. Available at: ecure-people-vulnerable-poor-nutritionobesity. Acc 3-20-17.4Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Health Equity Toolkit. 2017. Available at: rams/health-equity/index.html. Acc 7-3-17.5Huang TT, Drewnowski A, Kumanyika SK, Glass TA. A systems-oriented multilevel framework for addressing obesity in the 21st century. PrevChronic Dis 2009;6(3):A82. Avaliable at: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09 0013.htm. Acc 3-15-17.6For more details on CDC’s recommended strategies, available at: ns.html and mmendations.html. Acc 4-27-17.7Institute of Medicine. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. 2011. Available at: Early-Childhood-Obesity-Prevention-Policies.aspx. Acc 2-24-17.8Dietz WH and Gortmaker SL. Preventing Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Annu Rev Public Health 2001;22:337-353. Available at: ublhealth.22.1.337. Acc 3-15-17.9Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Prevention of Obesity in Children and Youth; Koplan JP, Liverman CT, Kraak VI, editors. PreventingChildhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2005. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22379642. Acc 4-24-17.10Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity. Research to Practice Series No. 4: Does breastfeeding reduce the risk of pediatric overweight? Atlanta:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007. Available at: htm. Acc 4-24-17.11Eidelman AI and Schandler RJ, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics.2012;129(3):e827-e841. Acc 2-1-17.12Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States.MMWR 2009;58(No. RR-7):1–29. Acc 2-1-17.13American Academy of Pediatrics: American Academy of Pediatrics Supports Childhood Sleep Guidelines. 2016. Available at: -Childhood-Sleep-Guidelines.aspx. Acc 3-14-17.14Harvard School of Public Health. Available at: rce/obesity-causes/sleep-and-obesity/ Acc3-4-17.15Definition of meeting physical activity recommendation based on lines/children.html. Acc 4-2717.16Definition of meeting screen time recommendation based on 5/958.full. Acc 4-27-17.17Definition of meeting sleep recommendation based on ntent/how-much-sleep-do-babies-andkids-need. Acc 4-27-17.18Definition of meeting fruit consumption recommendation based on http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2010.asp and ml. Acc 4-27-17.19Definition of meeting vegetable consumption recommendation based on http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2010.asp and s.html. Acc 4-27-17.20Definition of meeting sugary beverage recommendation based on http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue briefs/2013/rwjf404852and http://www.pamf.org/ynp/5210/. Acc 4-27-17.21Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html. Acc 4-1-17.22Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz WH. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children andadolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr. 2007;150(1):12—17.e2. Acc 4-1-17.Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Colorado5

87.0% of children ages 5-14 54.0% of children age 1-14 had 2 hours or less of screen time on weekend days 79.7% of children ages 1-4 years 45.1% of children ages 5-14 years Sleep17 More than three quarters of children meet recommendations 76.0% of children ages 1–14 years met age-specific sleep recommendations 81.0% of children ages 1–2 .

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