Productivity And Costs By Industry: Wholesale Trade .
11For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, August 3, 2017USDL-17-1069Technical Information: (202) 691-5606 productivity@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpcMedia Contact:(202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.govPRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY: WHOLESALE TRADE,RETAIL TRADE, AND FOOD SERVICES AND DRINKING PLACES INDUSTRIES – 2016Labor productivity rose 1.2 percent in wholesale trade, 4.6 percent in retail trade, and 1.3 percent infood services and drinking places in 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Unitlabor costs, which reflect the total labor costs required to produce a unit of output, rose in food servicesand drinking places and fell in wholesale trade and retail trade.For wholesale trade in 2016, productivity, output, and hours worked all increased at a slower rate than in2015. In retail trade, the growth in output far outpaced the growth in hours worked leading to a biggerproductivity increase in 2016 than in 2015. Productivity growth in food services and drinking places in2016 was slightly less than that of 2015 as output increased at a slower rate.Chart 1. Productivity change in the largest (by employment) 4-digit wholesale trade, retail trade, andfood services and drinking places industries, 2016Output Percent Change9Building material andsupplies dealers5.96Gasoline stations4.2Special food services12.430Grocery stores5.5Electronic marketsand agents andbrokers3.9Automobiledealers Restaurants and othereating places3.00.3Other general1.3merchandisestores-1.11.7-2.0Clothing stores-3Health and personalcare storesGrocery and relatedproduct wholesalersDepartment stores-1.9-6Industries with increasing productivityIndustries with decreasing productivityNote: Bubble size represents industry employment.Value in the bubble indicates percent change inlabor productivity.-9-9-6-303Hours Worked Percent Change69
Chart 1 shows the changes in output and hours worked for industries with the largest employment.Industries above the diagonal line had growth in productivity; these all showed growth in output whileslightly more than half showed growth in hours worked. Productivity growth was greatest in specialfood services where a moderate increase in output coincided with a rapid decline in hours worked.Industries below the diagonal line exhibited declining productivity. Hours worked increased in two ofthe three industries while output grew at a slower rate. Department stores was the only industry whereboth output and hours worked declined.Labor Productivity Rose in Majority of Industries in 2016Productivity increased in all of the 16 3-digit NAICS industries studied in 2016 except for health andpersonal care stores. (See chart 2.) Seven industries had productivity gains of at least 4.0 percent.Nonstore retailers, which includes electronic shopping and mail-order houses, had the largest increase inoutput (12.6 percent).Productivity increased in 36 of the 49 4-digit NAICS industries studied in 2016. Output grew in 41industries while hours worked grew in 29 industries.In wholesale trade, productivity rose 1.2 percent as output grew 1.6 percent and hours worked increased0.4 percent. Productivity grew 0.5 percent in durable goods wholesalers and 1.0 percent in nondurable goodswholesalers. Productivity increased in 12 of the 19 4-digit wholesale trade industries while output rose in 14industries and hours worked grew in 11. Productivity increased most rapidly in petroleum merchant wholesalers and farm product rawmaterial merchant wholesalers as output increased and hours worked fell in both industries.In retail trade, productivity and output grew 4.6 percent with hours worked virtually unchanged. Productivity increased in 21 of the 27 4-digit retail trade industries while output grew in 24industries and hours worked rose in 16. The largest productivity increases were in florists and office supplies, stationery, and gift storesas output rose and hours worked declined in both industries. The electronic shopping and mail-order houses industry experienced the largest growth in output(14.1 percent) resulting in an 11.4 percent increase in productivity.In food services and drinking places, productivity rose 1.3 percent as output grew 3.5 percent andhours worked rose 2.2 percent. Output and productivity rose in all three 4-digit industries; hours workedrose in two industries.2
Chart 2. Productivity change in 3-digit wholesale trade, retail trade, and food services and drinking placesindustries, 2016Miscellaneous store retailersOutput9.8ProductivityElectronics and appliance stores8.0Nonstore retailers7.7Furniture and home furnishings stores5.5Building material and garden supply stores5.3Food and beverage storesHours4.7Gasoline stations4.2Electronic markets and agents and brokers3.9Motor vehicle and parts dealers3.2Sports, hobby, music instrument, book stores2.6Clothing and clothing accessories stores2.0Food services and drinking places1.3General merchandise stores1.3Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods1.0Merchant wholesalers, durable goods0.5Health and personal care stores-1.1-15-10-505Percent Change1015-15-10-505Percent Change1015Productivity Exceeded Hourly Compensation in Majority of Industries in 2016When productivity gains outpace hourly compensation, unit labor costs facing employers decline. Unit labor costs fell in 12 out of 16 3-digit industries in 2016. All unit labor cost declinesoccurred in industries where productivity rose. (See chart 3.) Unit labor costs declined in 7 of 19 wholesale trade and 18 of 27 retail trade 4-digit industries.Two of the food services and drinking places industries experienced an increase in unit laborcosts. Hourly compensation, defined as labor compensation per hour worked, rose in 36 of the 494-digit industries.3
Chart 3. Unit labor costs, productivity, and hourly compensation in 3-digit wholesale trade, retail trade,and food services and drinking places industries, 2016Unit Labor CostsHourly CompensationProductivityFood services and drinking places2.5General merchandise stores1.9Health and personal care stores1.6Merchant wholesalers, durable goods1.0Clothing and clothing accessories stores-0.3Nonstore retailers-0.4Food and beverage stores-1.1Gasoline stations-1.2Motor vehicle and parts dealers-1.3Electronic markets and agents and brokers-2.3Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods-2.4Building material and garden supply stores-2.5Miscellaneous store retailers-3.6Furniture and home furnishings stores-4.4Sports, hobby, music instrument, book stores-6.1Electronics and appliance stores-6.4-8-40Percent Change4812Long-term Productivity Slowdown Reflected in All Three Industry GroupsFrom 1987 to 2016, labor productivity increased at an average annual rate of 2.8 percent in wholesaletrade, 2.9 percent in retail trade, and 0.5 percent in food services and drinking places. Among the 4-digit industries, productivity rose in all but three industries from 1987 to 2016.Median productivity among these industries grew at an average annual rate of 2.0 percent. Over the long term, productivity growth was associated with rising output in 43 out of 49 4-digitindustries while hours worked increased in 26 industries. The growth in productivity from 1987 to 2007 exceeded the growth in productivity from 2007 to2016 in all three industry groups. (See chart 4.) Productivity increased in 45 out of 49 4-digitindustries from 1987 to 2007 compared to 34 industries from 2007 to 2016.4
From 1987 to 2016, unit labor costs increased at an average annual rate of 3.1 percent in food servicesand drinking places, the greatest change among the three industry groups. Unit labor costs increased by0.9 percent in wholesale trade and were unchanged in retail trade. Among the 4-digit industries, unit labor costs fell in 15 out of 49 industries from 1987 to 2016.Unit labor costs declined in 2 out of 19 wholesale trade and 13 out of 27 retail trade industrieswhile increasing in all food services and drinking places industries. From 2007 to 2016, unit labor costs declined in 15 out of 49 industries. All industries withdeclines in unit labor costs experienced increases in productivity. Among the 3-digit industries, electronics and appliance stores had the largest unit labor costdeclines and the largest productivity gains during the 1987 to 2007 and 2007 to 2016 periods.Chart 4. Long-term changes in productivity and unit labor costs for wholesale trade, retail trade, and foodservices and drinking places industry groupsLabor ProductivityAverage AnnualPercent ChangeIndex(1987 100)2404.03.73.02003.32.8 2.92.0Retail Trade2.1160Food Services andDrinking PlacesWholesale 07201220161987-2016Wholesale Trade1987-2007Retail Trade2007-2016Food Services and Drinking PlacesUnit Labor CostsAverage AnnualPercent ChangeIndex(1987 100)2402004.03.0Food Services andDrinking Places3.23.12.82.01601.41.0Wholesale Trade0.91200.08019870.00.7 0.00.0Retail e Trade51987-2007Retail Trade2007-2016Food Services and Drinking Places
Additional InformationThe trade and food services and drinking places measures in this release incorporate benchmark datafrom the Census Bureau’s Annual Wholesale Trade Report (February 2017), Monthly Wholesale TradeSurvey (May 2017), Annual Retail Trade Survey (March 2017), Annual Revision of the Monthly Retailand Food Services: Sales and Inventories (May 2017), and Nonemployer Statistics (May 2017). Datahave been benchmarked to the final results of the 2012 Economic Census. Accordingly, the laborproductivity and output series for all industries have been revised for 2015 and earlier years.Additionally, the unit labor cost measures incorporate preliminary data from the BLS Quarterly Censusof Employment and Wages (June 2017).Want to know more?Find data at www.bls.gov/lpc for: Additional industries and sectorsDetailed data series: indexes of productivity and related measures; rates of change; and levels ofindustry employment, hours worked, nominal value of production, and labor compensationAdditional years and long-term dataQuestions?Additional information can be obtained by calling the BLS productivity program at (202) 691-5606or by sending an email to productivity@bls.gov. Information in this release will be made availableto sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:(800) 877-8339.Subscribe to news releasesSubscribe to productivity news releases on the BLS website subscriber/new.6
Technical NoteLabor Productivity: Labor productivity describes the relationship between real output and the laborhours involved in its production. These measures show the changes from period to period in the amountof goods and services produced per hour worked. Although the labor productivity measures relate outputin an industry to hours worked of all persons in that industry, they do not measure the specificcontribution of labor to growth in output. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences,including: changes in technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; theuse of purchased services inputs, including contract employment services; the organization ofproduction; the characteristics and effort of the workforce; and managerial skill.Unit Labor Costs: Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of output.The unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of nominal industry labor compensationby an index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship between compensationper hour worked (hourly compensation) and real output per hour worked (labor productivity). Whenhourly compensation growth outpaces productivity, unit labor costs increase. Alternatively, whenproductivity growth exceeds hourly compensation, unit labor costs decrease.Output: Industry output is measured as an annual-weighted index of the changes in the various products(in real terms) provided for sale outside the industry. Real industry output for data in this release isderived by deflating nominal sales or values of production using price indexes. Industry output measuresare constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the U.S. CensusBureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, together with information on price changes from BLS.Labor Hours: Labor hours are measured as annual hours worked by all employed persons in anindustry. Data on industry employment and hours come primarily from the BLS Current EmploymentStatistics (CES) survey and Current Population Survey (CPS). CES data on the number of total andproduction worker jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments are supplementedwith CPS data on self-employed and unpaid family workers to estimate industry employment. Hoursworked estimates are derived using CES and CPS employment, CES data on the average weekly hourspaid of production workers, CPS data on hours of nonproduction, self-employed, and unpaid familyworkers, and ratios of hours worked to hours paid based on data from the National CompensationSurvey (NCS). For some industries, employment and hours data are supplemented or furtherdisaggregated using data from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), theCensus Bureau, or other sources. Hours worked are estimated separately for different types of workersand then are directly aggregated; no adjustments for labor composition are made.Labor Compensation: Labor compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is ameasure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, wages,commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind.Supplemental payments include both legally required expenditures and payments for voluntaryprograms. The legally required portion consists primarily of federal old age and survivors’ insurance,unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include allprograms not specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private healthinsurance and pension plans. Industry compensation measures are constructed primarily using data fromthe BLS QCEW and the economic censuses of the Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce.7
Table 1. Recent labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related Wholesale TradeWholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Percent change, 2015-2016LaborproductivityUnit 11.2-0.71.60.40.9Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Furniture and furnishings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lumber and construction supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Commercial equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Metals and minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Appliances and electric goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hardware and plumbing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Machinery and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Miscellaneous durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Druggists’ goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Apparel and piece goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Grocery and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Farm product raw materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Miscellaneous nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7-9.15.95.3Electronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425Electronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail TradeRetail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.51.31.62.1-2.51.43.54.20.31.9Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442Furniture stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4421Home furnishings stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10.7-0.90.82.4-1.0Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building material and garden supply stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444Building material and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4441Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores. . . . . . . . 2.01.31.40.64.04.5-0.1Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Grocery stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specialty food stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Beer, wine and liquor stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.810.9Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Sports, hobby, music instruments, book stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 451Sporting goods and musical instrument stores. . . . . . . . . . . 4511Book stores and news dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.80.7-2.9-3.0-2.3Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Clothing stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Shoe stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Table 1. Recent labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data — ContinuedIndustry2012NAICScodePercent change, y3,184.11,309.81,874.31.3-1.91.3General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4521Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4529Unit 3.31.7-4.73.80.4-2.82.43.6-2.07.2Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Florists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Office supplies, stationery and gift stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Used merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Other miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12.7-12.0-0.91.71.5-4.8-2.61.75.2Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Electronic shopping and mail-order houses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vending machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Direct selling establishments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.55.76.7Food Services and Drinking PlacesFood services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Special food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Drinking places, alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Restaurants and other eating places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data2012NAICScodeIndustryAverage annual percent change, yWholesale TradeWholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Unit 12.80.93.20.34.1Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Furniture and furnishings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lumber and construction supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Commercial equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Metals and minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Appliances and electric goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hardware and plumbing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Machinery and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Miscellaneous durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Druggists’ goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Apparel and piece goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Grocery and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Farm product raw materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Miscellaneous nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ctronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425Electronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4251907.6907.61.51.50.80.83.73.72.12.14.64.6Retail TradeRetail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.80.80.91.10.83.73.84.63.1Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442Furniture stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4421Home furnishings stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.00.12.72.53.0Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building material and garden supply stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444Building material and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4441Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores. . . . . . . . .20.60.70.03.33.42.4Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Grocery stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specialty food stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Beer, wine and liquor stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . soline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5Sports, hobby, music instruments, book stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 451Sporting goods and musical instrument stores. . . . . . . . . . . 4511Book stores and news dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8-0.83.23.61.6Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Clothing stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Shoe stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data — ContinuedIndustry2012NAICScodeAverage annual percent change, yUnit 2.23.61.75.5General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4521Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4529Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Florists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Office supplies, stationery and gift stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Used merchandise stores. . . . . .
productivity increase in 2016 than in 2015. Productivity growth in food services and drinking places in 2016 was slightly less than that of 2015 as output increased at a slower rate. Chart 1. Productivity change in the largest (by employment) 4-digit wholesale trade, retail trade, and food services and drinking places industries, 2016 . 0.3 5.5 .
Productivity ahf Applet Headline Factory document Productivity as Applix spreadsheet file . aep ArcExplorer project file Productivity mxd ArcGIS map document file Productivity alg ARCSOLO activity log Productivity avl ArcView File Productivity dbg ArcView File Productivity apr ArcView File . Productivity phb ClustaW tree file Productivity .
FISH & WILDLIFE COSTS 17TH ANNUAL REPORT TO THE NORTHWEST GOVERNORS PAGE 3 Figures 08 Figure 1: Costs by Major Area, FY2017, as Reported by Bonneville's Fish and Wildlife Division 09 Figure 2: Costs by Types of Species 10 Figure 3: Costs of FCRPS BiOp Projects 11 Figure 4: Costs Associated with ESA Listed Fish 12 Figure 5: Costs by Fund 13 Figure 6A: Costs by Category
Table 2 The Various Measures of Cost: Thirsty Thelma's Lemonade Stand Average Costs Average costs can be determined by dividing the firm's costs by the quantity of output it produces. The average cost is the cost of each typical unit of product. Average Costs Average Fixed Costs (AFC) Average Variable Costs (AVC)
ISE 468 ETM 568 Dr. Burtner SlideOzcan Chapter 9 Productivity Lecture 2 3 Productivity Definitions and Measurements 1 (Review) Productivity is one measure of the effective use of resources within an organization, industry, or nation. The classical productivity definition measures outputs relative to the inputs needed to produce them.
Source: Deloitte Access Economics. Productivity costs make up 81% of total financial costs, which is followed by deadweight losses (11%), health system costs (6%), and other costs including educational and crime and justice costs (3%) (Chart iii). Employers were est
bootstrapped Malmquist productivity indexes between 1993 and 2012 are constructed. Analysis of productivity change by decomposing the Total Factor Productivity Index into Efficiency Change and Technical Change is performed showing respectively whether productivity gains derive mainly from improvements in efficiency or are mostly the result
comprise of core APC costs of 26.4 billion in 2015-16, mental health costs of 6.9 billion, community costs of 5.4 billion and ambulance costs of 1.7 billion. 15. Figure 2 shows the total costs reported in 2015-16, split by setting10. The largest single proportion of costs is non-elective inpatient care, which accounts for 25.9% of
North & West Sutherland LHP – Minutes 1/3/07 1 NORTH & WEST SUTHERLAND LOCAL HEALTH CARE PARTNERSHIP Minutes of the meeting held on Thursday 1st March 2007 at 12:00 noon in the Ben Loyal Hotel, Tongue PRESENT: Dr Andreas Herfurt Lead Clinician Dr Alan Belbin GP Durness Dr Cameron Stark Public Health Consultant Dr Moray Fraser CHP Medical Director Mrs Georgia Haire CHP Assistant General .
