Volume 6 Issue 11 - Ernest Rossi

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-020Volume 6 Issue 11

-021FEATUREThe Yoga of CreativeConsciousness andCognition inNeuropsychotherapy(Part 2)KATHRYN LANE ROSSII said: What about my eyes?God said: Keep them on the road.I said: What about my passion?God said: Keep it burning.I said: What about my heart?God said: Tell me what you hold inside it?I said: Pain and sorrow?God said: Stay with it. The wound is the place where the Light comes in.Rumi (1207–1273)The Neuropsychotherapist

-022Most psychotherapists focus on theslammed my long-board on my head. I lookedmind—What do you think? How doaround in a dazed panic for help. Dave Oliver,you feel? Yoga Story Therapy (YST)an award-winning teacher, came to my aid. Heintegrates the entire body into a creative psy-generously taught yoga to anyone who wantedchodrama exploring archetypal myths of ev-to join his morning and evening practice. Daveeryday life and psychology in word and deed.was unlike anyone I’d ever met. While he couldThe richness of YST can facilitate optimal con-help me into and out of yoga postures safely,sciousness and cognition with neuropsycho-he was more interested in my breathing. At thetherapy. People can enhance their best self byend of class while in the resting pose (shavasa-asking questions, engaging sensitive mind–na), he would tell ancient Hindu stories. Af-body (chakra) scans, tuning in to their breath,ter five days of yoga practice with Dave I feltand practicing meaningful movement throughgreat relief from my head trauma. I turned toYoga Story Therapy and the mirroring handshim and said, “I feel like I am in the top 10%approach of Hill and Rossi (2017).of my intelligence.” Dave replied, “That’s whyPart 1 of this series reviewed neurosciencepeople practice yoga!” I wanted to know moretheory and research for integrating mind, body,about “Dave’s yoga”, which was so differentspirit and society through the classical ancientfrom therapies I’d previously practiced (Rossi,practice of Patañjali’s 8 Limbs of Yoga withErickson-Klein, & Rossi, 2008–2014). Surpris-Buddha’s 4 Noble Truths, the basic rest–activ-ingly, after my injury no thoughts came intoity cycle (BRAC), and the 4-stage creative cyclemy mind unless I invited one in. My brain wasto provide a path for creating new conscious-very quiet and peaceful. It was a surreal expe-ness. Myths, legends and personal stories arerience. I became curious as to how I naturallyillustrated for inspirations to recreate our bet-experienced “no mind” that many people workter and new selves. Readers were encouraged tofor years in meditation to achieve. I came to anexplore questions about their own autobiogra-understanding that yoga is not merely phys-phy of personal enlightenment. We now turn toical exercise. In fact, I realized that the prac-the theory and practice of Yoga Story Therapytice of the 8 limbs of classical yoga can haveutilizing all we learned in Part 1 of this neuro-profound implications for developing spiritualpsychotherapy series.consciousness and therapeutic cognition.The silver lining of Yoga Story Therapy began withTrauma-informed therapyTrauma-informed therapy is at the fore-my surfboard accidentYoga Story Therapy began in 2008 whenfront of today’s mind–body work. Peter LevineI went to Panama to learn how to surf and(2010, 2015) and Bessel van der Kolk (2014)sustained a severe head trauma! A small buthave reviewed research detailing how traumat-strong rogue wave came out of nowhere andic memories can become frozen in unresolvedcycles, causing further trauma. They both spe-Volume 6 Issue 11

-023cialize on working with severely traumatizedeach program also showed unique patterns ofpeople. Levine has designed somatic experi-brain activity, in line with the different theo-encing, which focuses on the client’s perceivedretical orientation of each program. The BRACbody sensations paired with memory; and vanbody scan strengthened coupling between neu-der Kolk has introduced yoga into trauma-in-ral regions commonly associated with deliber-formed therapy via research on heart-rateate control, including the inferior frontal gyrusvariability (HRV). HRV measures the relativeand supplementary motor areas. Conversely,balance between the sympathetic and the para-the mindfulness body scan strengthened cou-sympathetic nervous systems. A healthy HRVpling between neural regions associated withhas a balanced in-breath. An inhale stimulatessensory awareness and perception. Van derthe sympathetic nervous system, which in-Kolk found that 20 weeks of once-a-week yogacreases heart rate. An exhalation results in theclasses helped chronically traumatized womenparasympathetic nervous system, decreasingactivate their critical brain structures involvedheart rate:in self-regulation—specifically, the insula andmedial prefrontal cortex.Changing the way one breathes can im-Levine and van der Kolk have surveyed theprove problems with anger, depression, andrelationship between mind and body and have aanxiety. . . . Yoga can positively affect suchnew sensibility of how to bridge the C. P. Snowwide-ranging medical problems as high(1965) gap between science and the human-blood pressure, elevated stress hormoneities. How wonderful it is that they have devel-secretion, asthma, and low back pain . . .oped new levels of sensitivity. Can we furtherbut could it help with PTSD? (Van der Kolk,extend this sensitivity to develop new personal2014, p. 269)stories of consciousness and cognition? It maybe helpful to return to fundamental evolution-Mental problems such as depression, anxi-ary stories of what created humanity.ety and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)create an unsettled HRV. For thousands of yearsThe four stories of evolution: Physics, chemistry,yoga stories were told to treat PTSD with simplebiology, psychologybreathing practices, postures, and mindfulnessIn the deep psychobiology of psychotherapy,forms of meditation. Mindfulness meditationnow called neuropsychotherapy, we can traceand the BRAC affect brain neural mechanismsthe origins of the quantum evolution of body,differently. Sevinc et al. (2018)found thatmind and consciousness from the Big Bang viathe strength of neural interaction betweenphysics, chemistry, biology and psychologybrain regions associated with present-mo-(Bucke, 1901/2010; Rossi, 2001). The primevalment awareness and bodily attention increasedoscillations of quanta energy condensed intoduring both types of body–scan meditation; butatoms. Atoms clustered into self-reflectionThe Neuropsychotherapist

-024molecules that evolved into self-sustaining dy-and quantum?” Is it possible to use the conceptnamic structures that we call life. Life evolvedof information and the transformations ofconsciousness and cognition from mirrors ofinformation to do this? Is it possible to createself-reflection, creating a new story about itsaown nature. These stories continue to evolvethat explores how information experiencedthrough the relationship between the physicalasstructure of our neurons and their quantumwords, images, emotions, meaning, etc.) isnetworks that we call the brain.transformed into other forms of logy of neuropsychotherapy is: “Hownewsciencehumanofinformation transductioncognitivebehavior(thoughts,expressed as the physical structure of our genesand proteins and vice versa?do we integrate the many levels of mind–A visual summary of Tom Stonier’s (1990)body communication and healing from theInformation and the Internal Structure of thepsychosocial to the cellular–genetic, molecularUniverse and living systems has been describedFigure 1. Information and the internal evolution of the universe, life and consciousness (based onpersonal conversations with Tom Stonier and Ernest Rossi, circa 2000).Volume 6 Issue 11

-025by Frank Wilczek (1999) as “getting itslife consciousness and cognition as we now ex-from bits”. That is, how can “its” (physicalperience it.structures) evolve out of “bits” (codes ofinformation) from the quantum flux of theBig Bang origin of the universe? Informationisthemathematicalconnectionthatbrings together quantum physics, ture. Information organizes the energy andphysical dynamics of nature. Information iscontained in thoughts, words, feelings, images,stories and imagination. How, therefore, do wefacilitate the transduction of information fromone modality to another in creative experienceand healing in neuropsychotherapy? (Figure 1)Chakras and the subtle body of quantumconsciousness and cognitionMind–body work integrates thoughts andexperiences with physical and quantum levelsof perception. People experience creating newconsciousness through different body sensemodalities. In yoga traditions, chakras are usedto advance consciousness on psychological andspiritual levels. Chakras are energy centersof the subtle, rather than the physical body.Chakras are experienced in cycles, as are ourthoughts and emotional processing during the90–120 minutes of the BRAC and the 4-stageThe four scientific stories tracing the cosmicevolution of life, consciousness and cognitionare:creative experience.Pūrnānanda Giri in 1550 CE expanded ideasof chakra energy centers from the Vedas andStory 1. Physics: Quantum oscillations (or waves)Upanishads into the Shat (6) Chakra Niruupa-potentiate into the inflation and ex-na (satcakranirūpana). One hundred years agopansion (or explosion) we call the BigArthur Avalon translated these texts into En-Bang.glish in The Serpent Power (1919/2003). YogaStory 2. Chemistry: Quantum energy (or waves)condense into matter.Story 3. Biology: Matter becomes molecularself-sustaining systems called life.Story 4. Psychology: Life, via quantum self-organization and self-reflection (or mirroring) becomes consciousness andneurotherapeutic cognition.was brought to the Western world by SwamiVivekananda in the 1890s and to the UnitedStates by Paramahansa Yogananda in 1920.Yogic philosophy was so new, unusual andcomplex that it was difficult for the averageWestern person to understand. As a result, thecomplex foundations of yoga were simplified toaccommodate growing curiosity. At some pointin the 1940s simple rainbow colors represent-We experience these quantum fluctuationsing the main chakras were introduced, andof consciousness and cognition in cycles on athe classic six-chakra system became seven.daily and hourly basis in what yoga calls the(Figure 2) Could it be more interesting to ex-“subtle body” chakra system, which we nowplore the complexities of our emotional, psy-call the evolution of quantum information intochological and spiritual lives through chakraThe Neuropsychotherapist

-026perceptions that include many subtlequantum modalities that are oftenoverwhelmed by the chronic busyness of our overactive lives?The neuroscience of chakras outlined in Table 1 represents the psychological mind–body connectionson quantum level sensibilities.Neuroscience reveals quantumoscillations in all sensory-perceptualchakra systemsOur eyes and ears play tricks onus. Oscillations, or strobes, are ageneral feature of human sensationand perception. While our consciousexperience appears to be continuous,research documents how perception,attention, consciousness and cognition are intrinsically rhythmic in na-Figure 2. The rainbow chakra systemture. This has profound implicationsfor our understanding of human behavior, how we interact with environment and make decisions (University of Sydney, 2017).Smell: Mūlādhāra 1st chakra at the base of the spineThe olfactory sense has a unique intimacy with emotion. Phylogenetically it is the most ancientsense. Unlike other senses, olfactory neuroanatomy is intertwined, via extensive reciprocal neuroconnections, with the primary emotion complex that includes the amygdala, hippocampus andorbitofrontal cortex.Olfaction has long been associated with primitive experiences of reward, threat and homeostasis. It is evolutionarily engineered to sustain an organism’s internal physiological equilibrium(Krusemark, Novak, Gitelman & Li, 2013).Taste: Svādhiṣṭhāna 2nd chakra at the sacrumResearch into human taste receptors extends beyond the tongue to some unexpected places:A mouthful of bittersweet chocolate cake with a molten center can trigger potent memories ofpleasure, lust and love. But all it takes is one bad oyster to make you steer clear of this molluskVolume 6 Issue 11

-027Table 1The Ancient Chakra System adapted from the Shat Chakra NiruupanaChakrasLocationAbovebodySenseHigher consciousnessBlissElementNonesun l moonwith jňāEnhancedknowledgeNo uddhaPure place ofcommunicationbetween body& mindAnāhataUnstuck – theplace betweenheart beatsCircle With Intuitionśakinī36-pthexagon/or2 triangless& r&TrianglesKnowledgekākinī4Love, faith,dutylākinī51000 petaledlotus is theseat of highestconsciousness3rd eyeCenter offoreheadMentalfacultiesof mindBase �aham hṃHeartTouchProprioreceptionMovementVāyuyam yṃNavelSightFiretejasram rṃMaṇipūraFilled withJewelsSacrumTasteWaterāpvam vṃSvādhiṣṭhānaSelf-established“You” placeCrescent Sex &familyrākinī6Base ofspineSmellEarthpṛithvīlam lṃMūlādhāraRoot SupportSquare Securityḍākinī7(Sky dancer)1.Shiva Shakti together, non-duality union of yoga2.Unconditional truth, non-duality3.Inner transformations of the body4.Emotional devotion for all – and she removes obstacles5.Sees in 3 ways: Mind, Intellect & “I”6.Splits energy between “I” and “other”7.Gatekeeper of new beginnings and mysteries of self. She is fierce tempered and plump in bodyThe Neuropsychotherapist

-028for life. Neuroscientists who study taste areWe notice the quiet space between heart-just beginning to understand how and whybeats. Music is appreciated in the space be-the interaction of a few molecules on yourtween the notes.tongue can trigger innate behaviors or in-A decade ago, no one would have thoughttense memories (“Sweet Guts”, 2018).that perception is constantly strobing—The sensors in our mouths that detect basicflickering like an old silent movie. . . .tastes—sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami, andThis research shows one thing very clear-arguably a few others—are only the start of thely: our sensory perception of the world isstory. The way the brain, and other parts of thefundamentally oscillatory, like a strobingbody, represents these tastes is very complex.light or a wave waxing and waning. . . . ThisResearchers have recently developed a “gus-strobing [quantum oscillations] of attentiontotopic map” (Chen, Gabitto, Peng, Ryba, &binds together information at regular timeZuker, 2011) based on the quantum idea that,points and allows new groupings of infor-just as each taste bud on the tongue respondsmation to reassemble at other moments.to a single taste, so there are regions of the(University of Sydney, 2017)brain that are similarly dedicated.The researchers [neurophysiologists Ing-Sight: Maṇipūra 3rd chakra in the solar plexusvars Birznieks and Richard Vickery] foundSound: Viśuddha 5th chakra at the base of the throatthe brain uses periods of “quiet” betweenNeurons in one area of the brain learn therepresentation of the stimuli, and anotherarea categorizes that input to ascribe meaning to it. . . . When a child learns a newword, it first has to learn the new sound andthe impulses to make judgements about theenvironment, and this flies in the face of theconventional view that says neural activity is the main driver of human perception.(University of New South Wales, 2017)then, in a second step, learn to understandSoundthat different versions (accents, pronuncia-rium: Viśuddha 5th chakra at the base of the throattions, etc.) of the word, spoken by differentmembers of the family or by their friends,all mean the same thing and need to be categorized together. . . .andHearing involves balance and equilib-Auditory perception oscillates over time,and peak perception alternates between theears, which is important for locating events inthe environment. These auditory cycles happenAt an evolutionary level, humans and ani-at the rate of about six per second (Universitymals need to understand who a friend is andof Sydney, 2017). This may seem fast, but notwho is foe, and sight and sound are integralin neuroscience, given that brain oscillationsto these judgments. (Georgetown Universitycan occur at up to 100 times per second.Medical Centre, 2018)Touchand proprioception:Mental—generalized thinking: Ājňā 6th chakra inAnāhata 4thchakra atthe center of the brain includes 3rd eyethe heartVolume 6 Issue 11

-029Yoga describes the center of the brain as theassociated with higher order executive brainpineal gland, which regulates circadian (dailyfunctions involved in self-awareness in coor-cycle) rhythms and reproductive hormones.dination with the action of the sensory sys-What then regulates the pineal gland? It is ourtem, shown in fMRI studies (Goldberg, Harel,limbic, or emotional system, at the very center& Malach, 2006).of our brain that connects all parts of our mind.Prānāyāma: Life force and breathingIn other words, how we experience emotionsdirectly affects our consciousness, cognition,perception and interpretations of life, love,happiness and misery. All our senses are cyclic in nature whereas our consciousness perceives them as continuous, much like we watchmovies frame by frame. The quiet spaces allowflexibility and growth of new neuronal connections. Henrik Jörntell, Associate Professorat Lund University, and colleagues have shownthat previous findings indicating that the brainhas a sparse coding mechanism are wrong(Spanne & Jörntell, 2015):Meditation and breathing exercises cansharpen your mind. Breath-focused meditationand yogic breathing practices have numerousknown cognitive benefits, including increasedability to focus, decreased mind wandering,improved arousal levels, more positive emotions, decreased emotional reactivity, alongwith many others. Pranayama breath followsthe 90–120-minute BRAC. The human nostrilsopen and close alternately with the breath. Onenostril opens while the other remains blocked.The breath alternates opening and closing according to the BRAC (Arya, 1979).If sparse coding were to apply, it would entail a series of negative consequences forthe brain. The largest and most significantconsequence is that the brain would not beable to generalize, but only learn exactly what was happening on a specific occasion. Instead, we think that a large numberof connections between our nerve cells aremaintained in a state of readiness to be activated, enabling the brain to learn things ina reasonable time when we search for linksbetween various phenomena in the worldaround us. This capacity to generalize isthe most important property for learning.(Lund University, 2015).The 3rd eye is located on the forehead between the eyebrows in the prefrontal cortex,specifically the superior frontal gyrus. It isThe research documents that breathing—akey element of meditation and mindfulness practices—directly affects the levels ofa natural chemical messenger in the braincalled noradrenaline. This chemical messenger is released when we are challenged,curious, exercised, focused or emotionallyaroused, and, if produced at the right levels, helps the brain grow new connections,like a brain fertilizer. The way we breathe,in other words, directly affects the chemistry of our brains in a way that can enhanceour attention and improve our brain health.(Ramirez & Baertsch, 2018, p. 314)Asana: PosturesAsana is the physical practice ofhaṭhayoga. Ha is the physical sun and ṭha the phys-The Neuropsychotherapist

-030ical moon. Together they integrate body andevoke the novelty–numinosum–neurogenesisbreath. Long breaths paired with steady pos-effect (NNNE), which then optimizes t

roring) becomes consciousness and neurotherapeutic cognition. We experience these quantum fluctuations of consciousness and cognition in cycles on a daily and hourly basis in what yoga calls the “subtle body” chakra system, which we now call the evolution of quantum information into life consciousness and cognition as we now ex - perience it.

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