Goat Farming Technical Manual - JICA - 国際協力機構

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Goat Farming TechnicalManualDistrict Livestock Service Office,Gorkha

Goat Farming TechnicalManualDistrict Livestock Service Office,Gorkha1

AcknowledgementThere is highly potentiality for livestock development due to climate and bio-diversityin Nepal. In the country, there is availability of 64 liter milk, 11 kilogram meat and 32 eggs.There shall be increased in the production of 35% milk, 25% meat and 45% eggs in thepresent production, to meet the minimum annual consumption of livestock production as 91liter milk, 14 kilo meat and 48 eggs in the developed country.In this way, there is important contribution of buffalo, goat, sheep, pig, poultry etc. forespecially meat production in livestock production.Likewise, Gorkha district is veryimportant from point of view of goat farming. There are more than 200 thousand goats, andestablishment of nearly 250 commercial goat farms in the district at present. Especially,Jamunapari crossed, Khari crossed, Barbari crossed breeds goats are available here. In therecent time, it has also been started of importing Boer crossed goats in this district. DistrictLivestock Development Office (DLSO) has already developed former Bakrang VillageDevelopment Committee (VDC) and Dhawa VDC as a resource center of Boer goat; whereas,rearing of Boer goat have also been started through Women’s Cooperative in former BarpakVDC (Sulikot Rural Municipality- RM, Ward-1 & 2) from the support of Japan InternationalCooperation Agency (JICA) Nepal from this year.In this way, “Goat Farming Technical Manual” which is suitable and applicable forthe Boer goat farming as well as other goat breeds, is going to be published by JICA Nepal,and this manual shall be very useful to goat farmers in the future. This manual has coveredreproduction, health, feeding, management, marketing and diversified aspects. In this way, itis hoped that this upcoming publishing manual shall be helpful for the development andextension of goat farming business in the district, as it is useful as reference to farmers andstakeholders of this business to set up own business.In addition to, it is very thankful to JICA Nepal for supporting to goat farmingbusiness by publishing “Goat Farming Technical Manual”. Dr. Jagat Bandhu NepaliSenior Livestock Development Officer2

Table of Contents1.INTRODUCTION (BASIC KNOWLEDGE) . 11.1INTRODUCTION OF GOAT FARMING . 11.2CHARACTERISTICS OF GOAT FARMING. 21.2.1 Management (fodder, feed, shed, disease and parasite control) . 21.2.2 Reproduction . 21.2.3 Production and income generation . 21.3IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF GOAT FARMING . 21.4IMPORTANCE OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOAT FARMING . 41.5BREEDS OF GOATS REARED IN NEPAL . 51.5.1 Local breed . 51.5.2 Foreign goat breeds reared in Nepal . 71.5.3 Hybrid goats in Nepal . 91.6FEEDING MANAGEMENT FOR GOATS . 10101.6.1 Feeds of goats and habits of searching feed . 10101.6.2 Feeding Management for smaller kids . 11111.6.3 Feeding Management for adult goats . 11111.6.4 Methods of preparation of balanced feed by using local raw materials . 12121.72.TAGGING KIDS FOR IDENTIFICATION . 1313MANAGEMENT OF GOAT SHED . 13132.1INTRODUCTION OF FARM SHED/BARN . 13132.2IMPORTANCE OF SHED . 14142.3PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION OF GOOD SHED . 14142.4CONSTRUCTION OF GOAT SHED . 15152.4.1 Locally available resources while constructing goat shed. 15152.4.2 Area required for goats . 15153

2.4.3 Sample of Shed . 16162.4.4 Improtant things to be considered in shed management. 19193.4.PLAN FOR FEEDING SAFETY . 19193.1BASIC FEEDS FOR GOATS. 20203.2FEEDING METHOD. 2323REPRODUCTION / BREEDING MANAGEMENT. 24244.1INTRODUCTION TO REPRODUCTION OF GOATS . 24244.1.1 Major signs of does in heat . 24244.1.2 Reproduction Age (For Boer Cross). 25255.4.2REPRODUCTION WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF BREEDS . 26264.3RECORD KEEPING FOR REPRODUCTION/BREEDING . 2727MANAGEMENT OF BUCK AND DOE . 27275.1IMPORTANCE AND INTRODUCTION OF BUCK AND DOE MANAGEMENT. 27275.2FEED AND HOOF MANAGEMENT FOR BUCK . 27275.3IMPORTANCE AND INTRODUCTION OF REMOVING INBREEDING IN GOATS . 28285.4MANAGEMENT OF BUCK IN ROTATION FOR REMOVING INBREEDING . 28285.5RECORD KEEPING . 29295.5.1 Record keeping of every doe . 29295.5.2 Record keeping for each buck . 30306.HEALTH AND NUTRITION MANAGEMENT . 30306.1HEALTH: INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE . 30306.1.1 Methods of recognizing sick and ailing goats . 31316.1.2 Tasks to keep the goats healthy . 32326.2MAJOR DISEASES IN GOATS . 32326.2.1 Bloat in goat . 32326.2.2 Diarrhea (Loose feces). 33334

6.2.3 Pneumonia . 33336.2.4 Hoof rot. 34346.3IMPORTANCE OF TRIMMING HOOVES AND TRIMMING METHODS . 34346.4ATTENTION BE GIVEN TO HEALTH OF GOATS . 35356.5OBSERVATION OF HEALTHY GOATS . 36366.5.1 Teeth condition of goats based on its age . 36366.5.2 Identifying health condition of goat observing goat dunk. 37376.5INTRODUCTION OF NUTRITION IN GOAT FARMING AND IMPORTANCE OF APPROPRIATENUTRITION . 38386.6REQUIRED NUTRITION FOR KIDS, ADULT AND PREGNANT DOE . 38386.6.1 Pregnant and parturition goat . 38386.6.2 Method of feeding newborn kids . 39396.6.3 Goat weaning management . 39396.6.4 Buck management . 40407.6.7METHODS OF FEEDING. 40406.8CHANGING FEEDS . 4141PARASITE CONTROL AND VACCINATION FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE 41417.1PARASITES . 41417.1.1 Internal parasites . 41417.1.2 External Parasites . 44447.2IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNIZATION AND SCHEDULE . 45457.2.1 PPR . 45457.2.2 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD):. 46468.MANAGEMENT OF GRASS PRODUCTION AND HARVESTING . 47478.1INTRODUCTION OF GRASS . 47478.1.1 Different kind of grasses. 47475

8.2IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF GRASS . 48488.3METHOD OF FARMING (SOWING AND PLANTATION), LAND PREPARATION ANDHARVESTING . 48488.3.1 Farming period . 48488.3.2 Selection of grass . 48488.3.3 Nemaro (Ficusroxburghii): . 49498.3.4 Raikhanyu (Ficuscunica) . 50508.3.5 Ipil Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) . 51518.3.6 Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) . 51518.4GRASS CUTTING AND STORAGE . 53538.4.1 Introduction: Grass cutting and storage . 53538.4.2 Importance and benefit of grass storage . 54548.4.3 Method of Silage making . 54548.4.4.9.Method of preparing hay. 5656MANAGEMENT OF KIDS AND PREGNANT DOE . 57579.1PREGNANT DOE MANAGEMENT (BEFORE PARTURITION) . 57579.2CARE TAKING DURING PARTURITION OF DOE . 57579.2.1 Problems faced at the time of parturition . 59599.3CARE TAKING AT POSTPARTUM . 60609.4MANAGEMENT OF KIDS . 61619.4.1 Creep feeding for kids . 61619.4.2 Creep feeding . 62629.5CASTRATION OF MALE KIDS . 62629.6WEANING OF KIDS . 63639.7SEPARATION OF WEANED KIDS . 646410.SELECTION OF GOATS. 64646

10.1INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF GOATS SELECTION. 646410.2METHOD OF SELECTION . 656510.3SELECTION OF GOATS FOR REPRODUCTION/BREEDING . 666610.3.1Selection of breeding buck. 666610.3.2Selecting of doelings . 676710.3.3Points to be considered while purchasing buckling and doeling . 676710.4SELECTION OF GOATS BASED ON CONDITION . 676710.5REMOVAL OF UNPRODUCTIVE DOES . 686810.5.1 Condition for removal of doe . 686810.5.2 Keep following doe for breeding:. 686810.5.3 Importance of doe removal . 696810.6EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF CROSS-BREEDING . 6969REFERENCES. 707087

Goat Farming Technical Manual1. Introduction (Basic knowledge)1.1Introduction of goat farmingGoat is a multi-use animal which is commonly reared for the meat (chevon). In thedifferent parts of the world, goat is raised for the meat, milk, wool and leather. Goat isalso called “the poor man’s cow”. In Nepal, the goats can be reared in differentecological zones; hence, people are adopting goat farming as an enterprise. Sheep andgoat are belonging to different species, but their management is almost similar. InNepal, almost in all parts, sheep and goats are raised. And, as all caste and ethnicpeople like goat meat; day-by-day, goat farming has become a popular business. Forthe goat farming, the meager needs of fodder and fewer requirements of feedscompared to rearing other livestock, goat farming requires low investment. Shedmaking can also be possible in a low cost, and easy to sell goats in the case of needsarises to farmer. So, the goat farming enterprise is in growing trend.Figure No. 1.1.1 Commercial goat farmingSource: JICA Project TeamLivestock farming consists of one third share of total agricultural Gross DomesticProducts (GDP) in Nepal; thus, it contributes a major share in agricultural system. Asper data source of Department of Livestock Services, Fiscal Year 2073/74; there are10,986,114 goats in Nepal. Similarly, 65,583 metric tons of goat meat is producedwhich is 20 per cent of the total meat produced.1

As the goat farming business can be operated through a low investment, it has givenopportunity of employment and income generation to small farmers and women.Therefore, goat farming has become a boon to poverty alleviation. The amount offeed and fodder necessary for one cow can be easily reared for 5-6 goats; and farmershaving less land can easily raise 2-4 goats.1.2Characteristics of goat farming1.2.1Management (fodder, feed, shed, disease and parasite control)After purchasing goats, an entrepreneur needs to manage shed construction as per thesuitable to climate, nutritious feeding, treatment of diseases and vaccinations, controland timely treatment of goats from internal and external parasites.1.2.2ReproductionAfter ensuring appropriate management of doe, it becomes ready for reproduction.The mating should be ensured that parturition does not fall in the month ofAshad/Shrawan (July/August) and Poush/Magh (November/December), as it wouldbe difficult to take care of new born kids.1.2.3Production and income generationAfter 5 months of mating, kids are produced, and income generation will be readyfrom selling after rearing 8-10 months.1.3 Importance and benefits of goat farmingMeat production: Goat meat consists of 20.3% of the total meat produced in thecountry and the demand is ever in increasing trend.Fig. No. 1.3.1 Fresh meatSource: JICA Project Team2

In goat meat (chevon); We can find— 76.8% water— 2.6% fat— 19.6% protein and— 1% mineralsAs, comparatively low quantity of fat and high protein, goat meat isconsidered beneficial to health. Can be operated in low investment: In comparison of starting other livestockfarming, interested small farmers can start with goats. Goats farming can bringopportunity of income generation at home for the small farmers with lowinvestment at small space. PEWA (Ownership): To create, the work environment at family, traditionallygoats and kids are given as Pewa (Ownership) to daughters and women familymembers. In this way, temptation for making Pewa has promoted positively togoat farming. Transformation of fodders into nutritious protein: Comparatively goats can bereared with lesser amount of feeds than swine and chicken. Goats eat normalforage, fodders and store in its body as meat which is full of protein. Coping of needs: Goats can be soldat any time, and thus has helped tomeet the needs of cash. Return in short time: As the goatshave capacity to give birth of morethan one kid at a time, and threetimes in the period of two years, itgenerates quicker income in shorttimewithlowinvestmentcomparison of rearing other cattle.inFig. No. 1.3.2 Compost making fromgoatSource: JICA Project Team3

Rearing goats for milk and wool: We are raising goats mainly for the meat. But, inappropriate climate and management, goat farming can be done for the milk andwool. Compost fertilizers for crops: Livestock are integral part of agriculture. Goatfarming has a major contribution in providing fertilizers to crop production. It hasreduced the dependency to chemical fertilizers and enhanced the productioncapacity of the land. Goats are needed for traditions or festivals: In our traditions of celebratingDashain and meeting commitmentsto God and Goddesses with offeringofbucksanddoes,goatsareconsidered inevitable livestock. Fortransportation:InpartsofHimalayan and Hill-belts where forgoats)Sinhal and Chyangra have been inuse.Fig. No. 1.3.3

1.3 Importance and benefits of goat farming Meat production: Goat meat consists of 20.3% of the total meat produced in the country and the demand is ever in increasing trend. Fig. No. 1.3.1 Fresh meat Source: JICA Project Team

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