Definition Of Relay Terminology
Relay Technical InformationDefinition of Relay TerminologyCOIL (also referred to as primary or input) Nominal Operating PowerThe value of power used by the coil atnominal voltage. For DC coils expressedin watts; AC expressed as volt amperes.Nominal Power (W or VA) NominalVoltage Nominal Current. Coil ResistanceThis is the DC resistance of the coil in DCtype relays for the temperature conditionslisted in the catalog. (Note that for certaintypes of relays, the DC resistance may befor temperatures other than the standard20 C 68 F.)decreased, the value at or above which allcontacts must revert to their unoperatedposition. Maximum Continuous VoltageThe maximum voltage that can be appliedcontinuously to the coil without causingdamage. Short duration spikes of a highervoltage may be tolerable, but this shouldnot be assumed without first checkingwith the manufacturer. Nominal Operating CurrentThe value of current flow in the coil whennominal voltage is impressed on the coil Nominal Coil Voltage (Rated CoilVoltage)A single value (or narrow range) of sourcevoltage intended by design to be appliedto the coil or input. Pick-Up Voltage (Pull-In Voltage or MustOperate Voltage)As the voltage on an unoperated relay isincreased, the value at or below which allcontacts must function (transfer). Drop-Out Voltage (Release or MustRelease Voltage)As the voltage on an operated relay is Coil DesignationSingle side stable typeNon-polarizedPolarized 1 coil latching type—2 coil latching type4-terminal 3-terminal or —A black coil represents the energizedstate. For latching relays, schematic—— ——or— diagrams generally show the coil in itsreset state. Therefore, the coil symbol isalso shown for the reset coil in its resetstate.amperes (AC) which can safely beswitched by the contacts. This value is theproduct of switching voltage x switchingcurrent, and will be lower than themaximum voltage and maximum currentproduct. Maximum Switching VoltageThe maximum open circuit voltage whichcan safely be switched by the contacts.AC and DC voltage maximums will differin most cases. Maximum Switching CurrentThe maximum current which can safely beswitched by the contacts. AC and DCcurrent maximums may differ. Maximum Switching PowerThe upper limit of power which can beswitched by the contacts. Care should betaken not to exceed this value. Maximum Carrying CurrentThe maximum current which after closingor prior to opening, the contacts cansafely pass without being subject totemperature rise in excess of their designlimit, or the design limit of othertemperature sensitive components in therelay (coil, springs, insulation, etc.). Thisvalue is usually in excess of the maximumswitching current. Minimum switching capabilityThis value is a guideline as to the lowestpossible level at which it will be possiblefor a low level load to allow switching. Thelevel of reliability of this value depends onswitching frequency, ambient conditions,change in the desired contact resistance,and the absolute value. Please use arelay with AgPd contacts if your needsanalog low level loads, control, or acontact resistance of 100 mΩ or less.We recommend that you verify with one ofour sales offices regarding usage. Maximum Switching CapacityThis is listed in the data column for eachtype of relay as the maximum value of thecontact capacity and is aninterrelationship of the maximumswitching power, maximum switchingvoltage, and maximum switching current.The switching current and switchingvoltage can be obtained from this graph.For example, if the switching voltage isfixed in a certain application, themaximum switching current can beobtained from the intersection betweenthe voltage on the axis and the maximumswitching power.CONTACTS (secondary or output) Contact FormsDenotes the contact mechanism andnumber of contacts in the contact circuit. Contact SymbolsForm A contacts(normally open contacts)Form B contacts(normally closed contacts)Form C contacts(changeover contacts)Form A contacts are also called N.O.contacts or make contacts.Form B contacts are also called N.C.contacts or break contacts.Form C contacts are also calledchangeover contacts or transfer contacts. MBB ContactsAbbreviation for make-before-breakcontacts. Contact mechanism whereForm A contacts (normally open contacts)close before Form B contacts open(normally closed contacts). Rated Switching PowerThe design value in watts (DC) or voltAll Rights Reserved COPYRIGHT Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
Definition of Relay TerminologyMaximum Switching Capacity(TX relay)Example: Using TX relay at a switchingvoltage of 60V DC, the maximumswitching current is 1A.(Maximum switching capacity is given fora resistive load. Be sure to carefully checkthe actual load before use.) Contact ResistanceThis value is the combined resistance ofthe resistance when the contacts aretouching each other, the resistance of theterminals and contact spring. The contactresistance is measured using the voltagedrop method as shown below. Themeasuring currents are designated inFig. 1.Switching current, A3.02.0VDC resistive load1.0Measured contact0.50.40.3RA0.2A : Ammeter V :020 3050100200 300Contact voltage, VPowersource(AC or DC)Test CurrentsRated Contact Current orSwitching Current (A)Test Current(mA)Less than 0.0110.01 or more and less than 0.1100.1 or more and less than 11001 or more1,000The resistance can be measured withreasonable accuracy on a YHP 4328Amilliohmmeter.In general, for relays with a contact ratingof 1A or more, measure using the voltagedrop method at 1A 6V DC. CapacitanceThis value is measured between theterminals at 1kHz and 20 C 68 F.Voltmeter R : Variable resisterFig. 1PERFORMANCE Insulation ResistanceThe resistance value between all mutuallyisolated conducting sections of the relay,i.e. between coil and contacts, acrossopen contacts and between coil orcontacts to any core or frame at groundpotential. This value is usually expressedas “initial insulation resistance” and maydecrease with time, due to materialdegradation and the accumulation ofcontaminants. Breakdown Voltage (Hi-Pot or DielectricStrength)The maximum voltage which can betolerated by the relay without damage fora specified period of time, usuallymeasured at the same points asinsulation resistance. Usually the statedvalue is in VAC (RMS) for one minuteduration. Surge Withstand VoltageThe ability of the device to withstand anabnormal externally produced powersurge, as in a lightning strike, or otherphenomenon. An impulse test waveformis usually specified, indicating rise time,peak value and fall time. (Fig. 2)1,500 V750 V10 µs160 µsFig. 2 Operate Time (Pull-In or Pick-Up Time)The elapsed time from the initialapplication of power to the coil, until theclosure of the normally open contacts.(With multiple pole devices the time untilthe last contact closes.) This time doesnot include any bounce time. Release Time (Drop-Out Time)The elapsed time from the initial removalof coil power until the reclosure of thenormally closed contacts (last contactwith multi-pole) this time does not includebounce. Set TimeTerm used to describe operate time of alatching relay. Reset TimeTerm used to describe release time of alatching relay. With a 2-coil magneticlatching relay the time is from the firstapplication of power to the reset coil untilthe reclosure of the reset contacts. With asingle coil latching relay, the time ismeasured from the first application ofreverse coil voltage until the reclosure ofthe reset contact. Contact Bounce (Time)Generally expressed in time (ms), thisrefers to the intermittent switchingphenomenon of the contacts whichoccurs due to the collision between themovable metal parts or contacts, whenthe relay is operated or released. Operate Bounce TimeThe time period immediately followingoperate time during which the contactsare still dynamic, and ending once allbounce has ceased. Release Bounce TimeThe time period immediately followingrelease time during which the contactsare still dynamic, ending when all bouncehas ceased. Shock Resistance, DestructiveThe acceleration which can be withstoodby the relay during shipping or installationwithout it suffering damage, and withoutcausing a change in its operating characteristics. Usually expressed in “G”s. Shock Resistance, FunctionalThe acceleration which can be toleratedby the relay during service withoutcausing the closed contacts to open formore than the specified time. (usually10µs) Vibration Resistance, DestructiveThe vibration which can be withstood bythe relay during shipping, installation oruse without it suffering damage, andwithout causing a change in its operatingcharacteristics. Expressed as anacceleration in G’s or displacement, andfrequency range. Vibration Resistance, FunctionalThe vibration which can be tolerated bythe relay during service, without causingthe closed contacts to open for more thanthe specified time. Mechanical LifeThe minimum number of times the relaycan be operated under nominal conditions(coil voltage, temperature, humidity, etc.)with no load on the contacts. Electrical LifeThe minimum number of times the relaycan be operated under nominal conditionswith a specific load being switched by thecontacts. Maximum Switching FrequencyThis refers to the maximum switchingfrequency which satisfies the mechanicallife or electrical life under repeatedoperations by applying a pulse train at therated voltage to the operating coil.All Rights Reserved COPYRIGHT Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
Definition of Relay TerminologyHIGH FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS Life CurveThis is listed in the data column for eachtype of relay. The life (number ofoperations) can be estimated from theswitching voltage and switching current.For example, for a DS relay operating at:Switching voltage 125V ACSwitching current 0.6AThe life expectancy is 300,000operations. However, this value is for aresistive load. Be sure to carefully checkthe actual load before use.Life Curve IsolationHigh frequency signals leak through thestray capacitance across contacts even ifthe contacts are separated. This leak iscalled isolation. The symbol dB (decibel)is used to express the magnitude of theleak signal. This is expressed as thelogarithm of the magnitude ratio of thesignal generated by the leak with respectto the input signal. The larger themagnitude, the better the isolation. Insertion LossAt the high frequency region, signaldisturbance occurs from self-induction,resistance, and dielectric loss as well asfrom reflection due to impedancemismatching in circuits. Loss due to any ofthese types of disturbances is calledinsertion loss. Therefore, this refers to themagnitude of loss of the input signal. Thesmaller the magnitude, the better therelay.Life ( 104)1,00030V DC resistance load100125V AC resistance load101 V.S.W.R. (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)High frequency resonance is generatedfrom the interference between the inputsignal and reflected (wave) signal.V.S.W.R. refers to the ratio of themaximum value to minimum value of thewaveform. The V.S.W.R. is 1 when there isno reflected wave. It usually becomesgreater than 1.Notes:1. Except where otherwise specified, thetests above are conducted understandard temperature and humidity (15 Cto 35 C 59 F to 95 F, 25 to 75%).2. The coil impressed voltage in theswitching tests is a rectangular wave atthe rated voltage.3. The phase of the AC load operation israndom.2Current (A)PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONcontamination, and also may protect userpersonnel from a shock hazard. Flux-Resistant TypeIn this type of construction, solder fluxpenetration is curtailed by either insertmolding the terminals with the header, orby a simple sealing operation duringmanufacturing. Sealed TypeThis type of sealed relay totally excludesthe ingress of contaminants by way of asealing compound being applied to theheader/cover interface. The constituentcomponents are annealed for physicalSeveral different degrees of protection areprovided for different relay types, forresistance to dust, flux, contaminatingenvironments, automatic cleaning, etc. Open TypeFor reasons of cost, some devices are notprovided with any enclosure. It is usuallyassumed that the end application will bein an overall enclosure or protectiveenvironment. Dust Cover TypeMost standard relays are provided with adust cover of some type. This protects therelay from large particulateand chemical stability. This annealingprocess drives off residual volatiles in theplastics, insuring a contaminant freeenvironment inside the sealed relay,resulting in more stable contactresistance over life. Hermetic SealThe plastic sealed type is not a truehermetic seal, there is an exchange ofgas molecules through the plastic coverover time. The only true hermetic sealsare metal to metal and glass to metal. Theentire device is purged with dry nitrogengas prior to sealing, improving reliability.CONSTRUCTION AND aticSolderingAutomaticCleaningHarmful GasResistanceMost basic construction where the case and base(or body) are fitted together. Terminals are sealed or molded simultaneously.The joint between the case and base is higherthan the surface of the PC board. Terminals, case, and base are filled with sealingresin. Hermetically sealed with metal case and metalbase. Terminals are sealed with glass. ;;;;;Dust Cover Type( : Yes, : No)BaseFlux-Resistant TypeBaseSealed TypeSealing resinMetal caseMetallic HermeticSeal TypeGlassMetal baseAll Rights Reserved COPYRIGHT Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
Definition of Relay TerminologyOPERATIONAL FUNCTION 2 Coil Latching TypeRelay with a latching constructioncomposed of 2 coils: set coil and resetcoil. The relay is set or reset by alternatelyapplying pulse signals of the samepolarity. (Fig. 5) Single Side Stable TypeRelay which turns on when the coil isenergized and turns off when deenergized. (Fig. 3) –13 4 51210 9 8Direction indication*TX relayFig. 3 1 Coil Latching TypeRelay with a latching construction that canmaintain the on or off state with a pulseinput. With one coil, the relay is set orreset by applying signals of oppositepolarities. (Fig. 4)– 13 4 51210 9 813 4 5 6 – –1210 9 8 7 Operation IndicationIndicates the set and reset states eitherelectrically or mechanically for easymaintenance. An LED wired type (LEDwired HC relay), lamp type (lamp wiredHP relay) are available. (Fig. 6)Direction indication*Fig. 5LED wiredHC relayTX relayFig. 6Direction indication*Fig. 4TX relayTERMINAL CONFIGURATIONTypePC board through holeterminalPC boardself-clinchingterminalGQ, GN, TQ, TN, TK, TX,TX-D relay, DS relay,DS-BT relay, RP relay,JS relay, JW relay,SEB relay, JQ relay,PQ relayTQ, TN, TK, TX,TX-D relayPC boardsurface-mountterminalPlug-in terminalQuick connectterminalScrew terminalTypical ,TQ-SMDHJ relay, HC relayHP relay, HE relayHL relay, HK relayHN relayJC relayJR relayHE relayEP relayEJ relay;;;;;; ;Typical relaytypeMOUNTING METHODTypeInsertion mountSurface mountSocket mountTerminal socketmountMountingconfigurationTM relayTMP typeTerminalSocketTypical relaytypeGQ, GN, TQ, TN, TK, TX,TX-D relay, DS relay,DS-BT relay, RP relay,SEB relayGQ-SMD,GN-SMD,TX-SMD,TQ-SMDNC relayHC relayHL relayHJ relay, HC relayHP relay, HG relayHL relay, HK relayHN relayNotes: 1. Sockets are available for certain PC board relays. (SEB relay, ST relay, etc.)2. M type (solder type) for direct screw mounting of case is also available. (HG relay)All Rights Reserved COPYRIGHT Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.HC relayJR relayJC relayJR relayLF relayJT-N relay
General Application GuidelinesA relay may encounter a variety ofambient conditions during actual useresulting in unexpected failure. Therefore,testing over a practical range under actualoperating conditions is necessary.Application considerations should bereviewed and determined for proper useof the relay.CAUTIONS REGARDING SAFETYturn off the power when installing,maintaining and troubleshooting the relay(including connecting parts such as theterminal block and socket). Perform terminal connections correctlyafter verifying the internal wiring diagramsin the catalog. Connecting incorrectly maycause unexpected malfunction, abnormal Be absolutely sure not to exceed thespecification ranges, such as coil rating,contact rating and switching life. Doing somay lead to abnormal heating, smoke,and fire. Be absolutely sure not to touch thecharging part when the relay is on. Doingso may cause electrical shock. Be sure toheating, and fire, etc. Prepare with a redundant safety deviceconstruction if there is a possibility thatsuch things as adhesion, contact failure ordisconnection could cause bodily harm orproperty damage.METHOD OF DETERMINING SPECIFICATIONSFailsafeSpecification itema)b)c)d)e)f)g)h)1) Select relay with consideration for power source ripple.2) Give sufficient consideration to ambient temperature, for the coil temperature rise and hotstart.3) When used in conjunction with semiconductors, additional attention to the applicationshould be taken.a)b)c)d)e)f)Contact arrangementContact ratingContact materialLifeContact pressureContact resistance1) It is desirable to use a standard product with more than the required number of contacts.2) It is beneficial to have the relay life balanced with the life of the device it is used in.3) Is the contact material matched to the type of load?It is necessary to take care particularly with low level usage.4) The rated life may become reduced when used at high temperatures.Life should be verified in the actual atmosphere used.5) Depending on the circuit, the relay drive may synchronize with the AC load. As this willcause a drastic shortening of life should be verified with the actual machine.a)b)c)d)a)b)c)d)Operate timeRelease timeBounce timeSwitching frequencyVibration resistanceShock resistanceAmbient temperatureLifeCoilContactsOperate timeMechanicalcharacteristicsOther itemsConsideration points regarding selectionRatingPick-up voltage (current)Drop-out voltage (current)Maximum continuousimpressed voltage (current)Coil resistanceImpedanceTemperature riseInput frequency for AC typea) Mounting methodb) Coverc) Size1) It is beneficial to make the bounce time short for sound circuits and similar applications.1) Give consideration to performance under vibration and shock in the use location.2) In particular, when used in high temperature applications, relay with class B or class Fcoil insulation may be required.1) Selection can be made for connection method with plug-in type, printed circuit boardtype, soldering, tab terminals, and screw fastening type.2) For use in an adverse atmosphere, sealed construction type should be selected.3) Are there any special conditions?BASICS ON RELAY HANDLING To maintain initial performance, careshould be taken to avoid dropping orhitting the relay. Under normal use, the relay is designedso that the case will not detach. Tomaintain initial performance, the caseshould not be removed. Relaycharacteristics cannot be guaranteed ifthe case is removed. Use of the relay in an atmosphere atstandard temperature and humidity withminimal amounts of dust, SO2 , H2 S, ororganic gases is recommended. Please avoid the use of silicon-basedresins near the relay, because doing somay result in contact failure. (This appliesto plastic sealed type relays, too.) Care should be taken to observe correctcoil polarity ( , –) for polarized relays. Proper usage requires that the ratedvoltage be impressed on the coil. Userectangular waves for DC coils and sinewaves for AC coils. Be sure the coil impressed voltage doesnot continuously exceed the maximumallowable voltage. Absolutely avoid using switchingvoltages and currents that exceed thedesignated values. The rated switching power and life aregiven only as guides. The physicalphenomena at the contacts and contactlife greatly vary depending on the type ofload an
Definition of Relay Terminology Maximum Switching Capacity (TX relay) Example: Using TX relay at a switching voltage of 60V DC, the maximum switching current is 1A. (Maximum switching capacity is given for a resistive load. Be sure to carefully check the actual load before use.) Contact Resistance This value is the combined resistance of
Nissan Micra - OWM 4734 Nissan Micra - OWM 4734 CPU E6 H33750 1 Battery 2 Ignition switch 3 Fusible link holder 4 Fuse box 5 Fuse and relay box a) accessory relay b) blower motor relay 6 Intelligent power distribution module a) starter relay b) cooling fan hi relay c) cooling fan lo relay d) fuel pump relay e) ignition relay f) ECM relay
38 - Check voltage output to fuel pump @ relay set 39 - Check voltage input to relay set from ignition switch 40 - Check voltage input to fuel pump relay of relay set 41 - Check input voltage to control relay of relay set 42 - Check input voltage to control relay of relay set (continued)
Power MOSFET Relay Specifications (G6D Relay) The following specifications apply to G6D Relays mounted in a G70D Relay Terminal and not the G6D Relay itself. Coil Ratings (per G6D Relay) Note: 1. The must-operate voltage is 75% or less of the rated voltage if the relay is mounted upside down. 2. Rated current and coil resistance were measured .
Results are provided for actual relay testing. Part I: Distance Relay Tests (Texas A&M University) Distance relay testing can evaluate relay performance, calibrate relay settings, and identify system conditions that could cause unexpected relay operation. Developing a relay testing methodology requires consideration of how to model the power .
Relay data and relay setting management Management of relay versions and models World‘s largest library with relay setting data models Library expandable by customer & via relay setting model generator Result import from different test device software: Omicron, Doble, Programma, etc.
Relay AE RLY-538 5 v 178 ohm Resistor DPDT 270 ohms ½ watt Control Tortoise with 5 volt Relay-12 volts DC 12 volts DC Relay On Off To Tortoise Relay “stick” contacts “On” Button powers relay, “stick” contact holds it on “Off” button bypasses relay coil so it drops out Can have any no. of
Relay Computer Harry Porter, Ph.D. Portland State University April 24, 2006. 2. 3 V. 4 Double Throw Relay. 5 V Double Throw Relay. 6 Four Pole, Double Throw Relay. 7 V Four Pole, Double Throw Relay. 8. 9 Schematic Diagrams. 10 Schematic Diagrams Assume other terminal is connected to ground. 11 Schematic Diagrams
Install Your Relay Switch Do not use this sensor in hazardous (classified) locations or life safety applications. Step 1: Mount your Relay Switch. Mount your Relay Switch with screws through the flange holes, secure it with Velcro or simply place it on a flat surface. Step 2: Connect your Relay Switch to AVTECH's Light Tower & Relay Adapter .
