Forensic Linguistics
Forensic LinguisticsJason BaldridgeUT AustinLanguage and ComputersIncludes materials from Roger -Forensic-Linguistics
Author comparison: match texts on left to those by same author on the rightHis manner was not effusive. It seldom was; but hewas glad, I think, to see me. With hardly a wordspoken, but with a kindly eye, he waved me to anarmchair, threw across his case of cigars, andindicated a spirit case and a gasogene in the corner.Then he stood before the fire and looked me overin his singular introspective fashion.He was not an ill-disposed young man, unless to be rathercold hearted and rather selfish is to be ill-disposed: but hewas, in general, well respected; for he conducted himself withpropriety in the discharge of his ordinary duties. Had hemarried a more amiable woman, he might have been madestill more respectable than he was.There are many theories about whathappened, but two general narrativesseem to be gaining prominence, which wewill call the greed narrative and thestupidity narrative. The two overlap, butthey lead to different ways of thinkingabout where we go from here.For all the preposterous hat and the vacuousface, there was something noble in the simplefaith of our visitor which compelled our respect.She laid her little bundle of papers upon the tableand went her way, with a promise to come againwhenever she might be summoned.He was invited to Kellynch Hall; he was talked of andexpected all the rest of the year; but he never came. Thefollowing spring he was seen again in town, found equallyagreeable, again encouraged, invited, and expected, andagain he did not come; and the next tidings were that hewas married. 2013 Jason M BaldridgeOur moral and economic system is based on individualresponsibility. It’s based on the idea that people have tolive with the consequences of their decisions. This makesthem more careful deciders. This means that societytends toward justice — people get what they deserve asmuch as possible.2LIN313: Language and Computers
Author comparison: match texts on left to those by same author on the rightHis manner was not effusive. It seldom was; but hewas glad, I think, to see me. With hardly a wordspoken, but with a kindly eye, he waved me to anarmchair, threw across his case of cigars, andindicated a spirit case and a gasogene in the corner.Then he stood before the fire and looked me overin his singular introspective fashion.He was not an ill-disposed young man, unless to be rathercold hearted and rather selfish is to be ill-disposed: but hewas, in general, well respected; for he conducted himself withpropriety in the discharge of his ordinary duties. Had hemarried a more amiable woman, he might have been madestill more respectable than he was.There are many theories about whathappened, but two general narrativesseem to be gaining prominence, which wewill call the greed narrative and thestupidity narrative. The two overlap, butthey lead to different ways of thinkingabout where we go from here.For all the preposterous hat and the vacuousface, there was something noble in the simplefaith of our visitor which compelled our respect.She laid her little bundle of papers upon the tableand went her way, with a promise to come againwhenever she might be summoned.Brooks, New York Times, Apr 2, 2009He was invited to Kellynch Hall; he was talked of andexpected all the rest of the year; but he never came. Thefollowing spring he was seen again in town, found equallyagreeable, again encouraged, invited, and expected, andagain he did not come; and the next tidings were that hewas married.Our moral and economic system is based on individualresponsibility. It’s based on the idea that people have tolive with the consequences of their decisions. This makesthem more careful deciders. This means that societytends toward justice — people get what they deserve asmuch as possible.Brooks, New York Times, Feb 19, 2009 2013 Jason M Baldridge2LIN313: Language and Computers
Author comparison: match texts on left to those by same author on the rightHis manner was not effusive. It seldom was; but hewas glad, I think, to see me. With hardly a wordspoken, but with a kindly eye, he waved me to anarmchair, threw across his case of cigars, andindicated a spirit case and a gasogene in the corner.Then he stood before the fire and looked me overin his singular introspective fashion.He was not an ill-disposed young man, unless to be rathercold hearted and rather selfish is to be ill-disposed: but hewas, in general, well respected; for he conducted himself withpropriety in the discharge of his ordinary duties. Had hemarried a more amiable woman, he might have been madestill more respectable than he was.Doyle, Sherlock Holmes, A Scandal in Bohemia, 1891There are many theories about whathappened, but two general narrativesseem to be gaining prominence, which wewill call the greed narrative and thestupidity narrative. The two overlap, butthey lead to different ways of thinkingabout where we go from here.For all the preposterous hat and the vacuousface, there was something noble in the simplefaith of our visitor which compelled our respect.She laid her little bundle of papers upon the tableand went her way, with a promise to come againwhenever she might be summoned.Doyle, Sherlock Holmes, A Case of Identity, 1891Brooks, New York Times, Apr 2, 2009He was invited to Kellynch Hall; he was talked of andexpected all the rest of the year; but he never came. Thefollowing spring he was seen again in town, found equallyagreeable, again encouraged, invited, and expected, andagain he did not come; and the next tidings were that hewas married.Our moral and economic system is based on individualresponsibility. It’s based on the idea that people have tolive with the consequences of their decisions. This makesthem more careful deciders. This means that societytends toward justice — people get what they deserve asmuch as possible.Brooks, New York Times, Feb 19, 2009 2013 Jason M Baldridge2LIN313: Language and Computers
Author comparison: match texts on left to those by same author on the rightHis manner was not effusive. It seldom was; but hewas glad, I think, to see me. With hardly a wordspoken, but with a kindly eye, he waved me to anarmchair, threw across his case of cigars, andindicated a spirit case and a gasogene in the corner.Then he stood before the fire and looked me overin his singular introspective fashion.He was not an ill-disposed young man, unless to be rathercold hearted and rather selfish is to be ill-disposed: but hewas, in general, well respected; for he conducted himself withpropriety in the discharge of his ordinary duties. Had hemarried a more amiable woman, he might have been madestill more respectable than he was.Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 1811Doyle, Sherlock Holmes, A Scandal in Bohemia, 1891There are many theories about whathappened, but two general narrativesseem to be gaining prominence, which wewill call the greed narrative and thestupidity narrative. The two overlap, butthey lead to different ways of thinkingabout where we go from here.For all the preposterous hat and the vacuousface, there was something noble in the simplefaith of our visitor which compelled our respect.She laid her little bundle of papers upon the tableand went her way, with a promise to come againwhenever she might be summoned.Doyle, Sherlock Holmes, A Case of Identity, 1891Brooks, New York Times, Apr 2, 2009He was invited to Kellynch Hall; he was talked of andexpected all the rest of the year; but he never came. Thefollowing spring he was seen again in town, found equallyagreeable, again encouraged, invited, and expected, andagain he did not come; and the next tidings were that hewas married.Our moral and economic system is based on individualresponsibility. It’s based on the idea that people have tolive with the consequences of their decisions. This makesthem more careful deciders. This means that societytends toward justice — people get what they deserve asmuch as possible.Brooks, New York Times, Feb 19, 2009Austen, Persuasion, 1818 2013 Jason M Baldridge2LIN313: Language and Computers
Quantitative features that help discriminate the authorsGrammatical person: 1st (we/us/our, I/me/my)Grammatical tense: present, pastWord frequencies: frequent use of “he”Punctuation: use of colons and semi-colonsAverage word and sentence lengthSyntax: prepositional adverbial phrases (“Withhardly.”, “For all the.”)These must be counted in all texts. The texts ofunknown authorship should then have values mostsimilar to those of the texts of one of the knownauthors. 2013 Jason M Baldridge3LIN313: Language and Computers
Qualitative features that help discriminate the authorsContent: discussing ideas or fellows getting marriedUse of flowery language.Use of same/similar terms: “marriage”, “idea”/“theories”Dated words/forms of expression: “gasogene”, “stoodbefore”, “laid . upon”Note: if these can be reliably identified and counted,they could be used as the basis for quantitativefeatures. 2013 Jason M Baldridge4LIN313: Language and Computers
Forensic linguisticsForensic linguistics is a branch of applied linguisticsthat applies linguistic theory, research and principles toreal life language in the legal context.Even more generally, it can be viewed as analyzingexamples of language to discover properties that revealmore than just what is said.authorship (same as other examples?, plagiarism)psychological attributes of the author (deception, depression)similarity to other examples (e.g., trademark disputes) 2013 Jason M Baldridge5LIN313: Language and Computers
“Pre-forensic” forensic linguistics: authorship attributionThe Book of MormonPossible authors: John Smith,Solomon Spalding, Sidney Rigdonand othersPeriod: 1830The Federalist PapersAuthors: Alexander Hamilton, JamesMadison, and John JayPeriod: 1787-1788The writings of ThomasWyattPossible authors: Thomas Wyatt,“Not” Thomas WyattPeriod: early 1500sThe Letters of St PaulAuthors: Paul the Apostle, Severalunknown authorsPeriod: 0-200 A.D. 2013 Jason M Baldridge6LIN313: Language and Computers
Jan Svartvik, 1968First use of the term “forensic linguistics” in Svartvik’s analysis ofthe case of Timothy John Evans.in 1950, Evans was convicted and hanged for killing his wife andchildin fact he had been duped by the killer, John Christie, intobelieving he was partly responsible for the deathsSvartvik analyzed four statements by Evans and showed thatthey had two very different registers, or varieties of languageused for particular purposes or social settings. This indicated thattextual alternation had occurred: the original statements byEvans had in fact been modified by the police.These variations called into question the authorship of thestatements taken on two different occasions. 2013 Jason M Baldridge7LIN313: Language and Computers
Malcom Coulthard, 1994Analyzed the statement of Derek Bentley, who was hanged inthe 1950’s for killing a police officer.Bentley was posthumously pardoned in 1998 based onmultiple factors, including Coulthard’s analysis of Bentley’sconfession.Coulthard argued, based on patterns of the language use,that the confession was largely edited by policemen.Frequent use of “then”, and in particular, use of “I then” rather than “Then I”,which was inconsistent with Bentley’s use of language in court testimonyOther cases have brought up this sort of fabrication ofconfessions by police, e.g. of Patrick Molloy in theBridgewater four case from 1978, appealed in 1997. 2013 Jason M Baldridge8LIN313: Language and Computers
Molloy interview and statement (from Coulthard)Extract from Disputed Interview with MolloyP. How long were you in there Pat?(17) I had been drinking and cannot remember the exact time thatI was there, but whilst I was upstairs I heard someone downstairssay 'be careful someone is coming'.P. Did you hide?(18) Yes I hid for a while and then I heard the bang I have told youabout.P. Carry on Pat?(19) I ran out.P. What were the others doing?(20) The three of them were still in the room.P. What were they doing?(21) They all looked shocked and were shouting at each other.P. Who said what?(22) I heard Jimmy say 'it went off by accident'.P. Pat, I know this is upsetting but you appreciate that we must get tothe bottom of this. Did you see the boy’s body?(23) Yes sir, he was on the settee.P. Did you see any injury to him?(24) Yes sir, he had been shot in the head.P. What happened then?(25) I was appalled and felt sick 2013 Jason M Baldridge9LIN313: Language and Computers
Molloy interview and statement (from Coulthard)Extract from Disputed Interview with MolloyP. How long were you in there Pat?(17) I had been drinking and cannot remember the exact time thatI was there, but whilst I was upstairs I heard someone downstairssay 'be careful someone is coming'.P. Did you hide?(18) Yes I hid for a while and then I heard the bang I have told youabout.P. Carry on Pat?(19) I ran out.P. What were the others doing?(20) The three of them were still in the room.P. What were they doing?(21) They all looked shocked and were shouting at each other.P. Who said what?(22) I heard Jimmy say 'it went off by accident'.P. Pat, I know this is upsetting but you appreciate that we must get tothe bottom of this. Did you see the boy’s body?(23) Yes sir, he was on the settee.P. Did you see any injury to him?(24) Yes sir, he had been shot in the head.P. What happened then?(25) I was appalled and felt sick 2013 Jason M Baldridge9Extract from Molloy’s statement(14) Jimmy broke in through a window and loosed us in.(15) They went downstairs and I went upstairs by myself.(16) I searched the bedrooms I remember taking thedrawers from some furniture and after searching them Istacked them one on top of the other.(17) I had been drinking and cannot remember the exacttime I was there but whilst I was upstairs Iheard someone downstairs say be careful someone iscoming.(18) I hid for a while and after a while I heard a bangcome from downstairs.(19) I knew that it was a gun being fired.(20) I went downstairs and the three of them were still inthe room.(21) They all looked shocked and were shouting at eachother.(22) I heard Jimmy say, "It went off by accident".(23) I looked and on the settee I saw the body of the boy.(24) He had been shot in the head.(25) I was appalled and felt sick.LIN313: Language and Computers
Anomalous aspects of the interviewForward-linking questions, not typically of usual interviews:P: Who said what?M: I heard Jimmy say “it went off by accident”.Should have been “Who was shouting.”Grammatical misfits:P: Did you see the body of the boy?M: Yes sir, he was on the settee.Should have been “it”.Process misfitP: What happened then?M: I was appalled and felt sick.Describes two states rather than an action or event (e.g., I vomited) 2013 Jason M Baldridge10LIN313: Language and Computers
The UnabomberThe Unabomber carried out a mail bombing campaign between1978 to 1995, killing 3 people and injuring 23.In 1995, he demanded publication of a 35,000 word manifesto ineither the New York Times or the Washington Post (with a threat tokill more people if not complied with)FBI linguistic analysis: the Unabomber was young (under 25), alaborer, and possibly from the West CoastLinguist Roger Shuy’s analysis was more accurate: about 50 yearsold, well-educated (possibly a doctorate, but not in the socialsciences or humanities), from the Chicago area but had spent timein California.However, positive identification of the Unabomber’s actual identitycame from his brother, based on linguistic expression in themanifesto that recognized. 2013 Jason M Baldridge11LIN313: Language and Computers
The UnabomberThe Unabomber is Theodore Kaczynski: 53 years old (at thetime), born in Chicago, PhD in mathematics from University ofMichigan, and assistant professor at UC-Berkeley (for two years).His brother recognized Kaczynski’s writing style and beliefs in themanifesto and notified the FBI.Used the expression “cool-headed logicians”Also the FBI’s James Fitzgerald noted the unusual “you can’t eat your cake and haveit too”See Ben Zimmer’s Language Log post for more discussion:http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ myl/languagelog/archives/002762.htmlThe evidence was sufficient for a judge to grant a warrant forKaczynski’s arrest. 2013 Jason M Baldridge12LIN313: Language and Computers
Other roles for forensic linguisticsCopyright infringement: McSleep (Quality Inn vsMcDonald’s, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ ty of company/government policy documents:Illinois Dept of Public Aid sent a letter with technical/bureaucratic language informing recipients of loweringof benefits (Judith Levi, 1994)Analyzing intent: did a suspect actually agree to anillegal act, bribe, etc? Delorean trial (http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ myl/languagelog/archives/003303.html)Transcription accuracy: figuring out what most likelywas said in a noisy taped conversation. (Roger Shuy, ensic-Linguistics) 2013 Jason M BaldridgeGovernment transcriptionDefense transcriptionI would take a bribe, wouldn’t you.I wouldn’t take a bribe, would you.13LIN313: Language and Computers
Other roles for forensic linguisticsCopyright infringement: McSleep (Quality Inn vsMcDonald’s, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ ty of company/government policy documents:Illinois Dept of Public Aid sent a letter with technical/bureaucratic language informing recipients of loweringof benefits (Judith Levi, 1994)Analyzing intent: did a suspect actually agree to anillegal act, bribe, etc? Delorean trial (http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ myl/languagelog/archives/003303.html)Transcription accuracy: figuring out what most likelywas said in a noisy taped conversation. (Roger Shuy, ensic-Linguistics)Government transcriptionDefense transcriptionI would take a bribe, wouldn’t you.I wouldn’t take a bribe, would you.Syllables 2013 Jason M Baldridge13LIN313: Language and Computers
Other roles for forensic linguisticsCopyright infringement: McSleep (Quality Inn vsMcDonald’s, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ ty of company/government policy documents:Illinois Dept of Public Aid sent a letter with technical/bureaucratic language informing recipients of loweringof benefits (Judith Levi, 1994)Analyzing intent: did a suspect actually agree to anillegal act, bribe, etc? Delorean trial (http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ myl/languagelog/archives/003303.html)Transcription accuracy: figuring out what most likelywas said in a noisy taped conversation. (Roger Shuy, ensic-Linguistics)Syllables 2013 Jason M BaldridgeGovernment transcriptionDefense transcriptionI would take a bribe, wouldn’t you.I wouldn’t take a bribe, would you.o oooo/oo o13LIN313: Language and Computers
Other roles for forensic linguisticsCopyright infringement: McSleep (Quality Inn vsMcDonald’s, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ ty of company/government policy documents:Illinois Dept of Public Aid sent a letter with technical/bureaucratic language informing recipients of loweringof benefits (Judith Levi, 1994)Analyzing intent: did a suspect actually agree to anillegal act, bribe, etc? Delorean trial (http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/ myl/languagelog/archives/003303.html)Transcription accuracy: figuring out what most likelywas said in a noisy taped conversation. (Roger Shuy, ensic-Linguistics)Syllables 2013 Jason M BaldridgeGovernment transcriptionDefense transcriptionI would take a bribe, wouldn’t you.I wouldn’t take a bribe, would you.o oo oooo/oo o13o ooo/ooLIN313: Language and C
Forensic linguistics Forensic linguistics is a branch of applied linguistics that applies linguistic theory, research and principles to real life language in the legal context. Even more generally, it can be viewed as analyzing examples of language to discover properties that reveal more than just what is said.
Forensic Science is the integration of core scientific disciplines. Forensic science involves a variety of careers. 1. Students will recognize the major contributors to the development of Forensic . Worksheets Lab; Activity Project assessments Research activities such as “famous forensic scientists and their contributions” or “careers inFile Size: 444KBPage Count: 21People also search forforensic science for high school textbook pdfdo forensic criminologist investigate the cri forensic criminology bookswhat is a dental hygienisthow to check fingerprint forensic criminologyare dental hygienists and dentist same thing
Forensic science is the application of science to law. Any science can be applied into a legal situation, but some of the commonest forensic sciences include forensic biology, forensic chemistry, and forensic toxicology. The word forensic in today’s world simply
forensic science discipline (or equivalent). Experience It is essential that the post holder is an experienced forensic scientist in forensic drug analysis, forensic toxicology and preferably in forensic criminalistics, with a minimum of 10 years performing multi-disciplined forensic
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Delivering forensic services (Report 21: 2018-19) 4 . Summary of audit findings . Delivering forensic services . We audited four types of forensic services: fingerprints, deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA), forensic medical examinations and illicit drugs. Three of these services accounted for approximately 92 per cent of all forensic services .
Keywords: forensic linguistics, idiolect, authorship attribution, entrenchment, Enron 1. The linguistic individual, corpora and forensic linguistics ‘Idiolect’ is a well established concept in linguistics, yet the individual is rarely the
Darrell Larsen Introduction to Linguistics. What Is Language? Linguistics What Is Linguistics? What Do Linguists Examine? Competence vs. Performance Linguistics Miscellania Sound Structure / Intuitions (7)Which are possible English
Scope and Sequence for Grade 2- English Language Arts 8/6/14 5 ELA Power Standards Reading Literature and Reading Informational Text: RL 2.1, 2.10 and RI 2.1, 2.10 apply to all Units RI 2.2: Identify the main topic of a multi-paragraph text as well as the focus of specific paragraphs within the text.
