CORRIGENDUM: BIOLOGY PRACTICAL (PAPER 2)
CORRIGENDUM: BIOLOGY PRACTICAL (PAPER 2)Please be informed that the break – up of marks for the assessment of Project Work and thePractical File for Biology stands revised for the ISC Examination to be held in and afterthe year 2017. In the previous years, 10 marks (7 marks for Project work and 3 marks for Practicalfile) out of 30 marks were assigned for the Internal Assessment. However, the same stands revisedas follows:Project work (to be assessed by the Visiting 10 marksExaminer)Practical File (to be assessed by the Visiting 05 marksExaminer)Total15 marksIn view of the change in the break-up of marks in the assessment of the Project Work and thePractical File, the Practical Papers in Biology will now be assessed externally out of15 marks, instead of 20 marks.
BIOLOGY (863)Aims:1. To enable candidates to acquire the knowledge and to develop an understanding of biological terms,concepts, facts, principles, formulae, etc.2. To develop the ability to apply the knowledge of biology in unfamiliar situations.3. To develop experimental skills required in biology practical work.4. To create awareness about the problems of the environment and the manner in which these problems can beovercome.5. To develop the ability to appreciate biological phenomena in nature and the contribution of biology tohuman welfare.6. To develop interest in plants and animals and in their respective environments.7. To develop scientific attitude towards biological phenomena.8. To create awareness of the fundamentals of human biology, food, health, nutrition and population control.CLASS XIThere will be two papers in the subject.Paper II: Practical: 3 hours .20 marksPaper I: Theory: 3 hours .70 marksProject WorkPractical File 7 marks 3 marksPAPER 1- THEORY: 70 MarksThere will be no overall choice in the paper. Candidates will be required to answer all questions. Internal choicewill be available in two questions of 2 marks each, two questions of 3 marks each and all the three questions of5 marks each.S.NO.UNITTOTAL WEIGHTAGE1.Diversity of Living Organisms*07 10* Marks2.Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants11 Marks3.Cell: Structure and Function15 Marks4.Plant Physiology17 Marks5.Human Physiology10 MarksTotal70 Marks*The topic Biological Classification under Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Organisms is to be assessed throughText Based Assessment which will include questions of 10 Marks. No other questions will be asked from thissection.The material for Text Based Assessment is to be prepared by the school.PLEASE NOTE: The topic for Text Based Assessment may vary from one year to another190
shape, nutrition and mode of respiration;types of reproduction – definition offission, conjugation, transduction andtransformation (details not required).Economic importance with reference torole of bacteria in sewage treatment,antibiotics, energy production and household products (curd and cheese only).PAPER I –THEORY – 70 MarksNote: All structures (internal and external) arerequired to be taught along with diagrams.1. Diversity of Living Organisms(i) The Living WorldWhat is living? Biodiversity; Need forclassification; three domains of life;taxonomy and systematics; concept ofspecies and taxonomical hierarchy;binomial nomenclature; tools for study oftaxonomy-museums, zoological parks,herbaria, botanical gardens.(c) Kingdom Protista – only two generalcharacteristics and two examplesofsubgroups:(i)Chrysophytes(ii) Dinoflagellates, (iii) Euglenoids,(iv) Slime moulds, (v) Protozoans (to bestudied under rhizopods, flagellates,ciliates and sporozoans with twocharacteristics including modes oflocomotion and two examples of y (definition only). Need forclassification should be discussed. Threedomains of life – distinguishing features of(archaea, bacteria, eukarya), - a brief idea ofthe role of different types of ophilesintheirextremeenvironments, mycoplasma – three distinctivefeatures). Definition and explanation of theterms taxonomy and systematics. Concept ofspecies. Major taxonomical hierarchies(phylum, class, order, family, genus,species): definition and examples withreference to classification of man, house fly,mango and wheat. Rules of binomialnomenclature and advantages of usingscientific names. Aids for study of taxonomy–– a very brief idea of museum and herbaria,zoological parks and botanical gardens.Definition of taxonomical keys.(d) Kingdom Fungi: general characteristicsand mode of reproduction of each(including types of spores and sexualreproduction – definition of ,Deuteromycetescharacteristics with examples. Role offungi in the field of medicine, bakery andenvironmental decomposition. Definitionof lichens and mycorrhiza (ecto andendo).Life cycles not required.(e) Virus (characteristic features – linkbetween living and non-living, structureof TMV and bacteriophage andcontribution of the following scientists:D.J. Ivanowsky,M.W. Beijerinck,W.M. Stanley) and Viroid (definitiononly).Three systems of classification – artificial,natural and phylogenetic.(ii) Biological Classification(iii) Plant KingdomFive kingdom classification; s alientfeatures and classification of Monera,Protista, Fungi, P l a n t a e and Animalia.Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.(a) Algae - characteristics (morphology,common name, major pigments, storedfood, composition of cell wall, flagellarnumber and position of insertion, habitat,mode of sexual reproduction –isogamous, anisogamous and oogamous)and examplesof Chlorophyceae,Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae; Economicimportance of algae – any five.(a) Five-kingdom system of classificationand characteristics of different kingdomswith examples.(b) KingdomMonera:Bacteriaclassification of bacteria according to191
mammalia) – three distinguishing characterswith two examples of each).(b) Bryophyta – general characteristics,distinctive features of liverworts andmosses; graphic outline of life cycle ofFunaria with reference to alternation ofgenerations. Economic importance ofbryophytes.2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants(i) Morphology of Flowering Plants(a) Morphology and modifications of root,stem, leaf.(c) Pteridophyta:characteristics;classification into classes: ium), sphenopsida (Equisetum)and pteropsida (Dryopteris, Pteris andAdiantum). Graphic outline of life cycleof a typical pteridophyte (fern). Definitionof homospory and heterospory withrelevant examples. Economic importance.Types of roots (tap, fibrous, adventitious),regions, modifications of roots forstorage, respiration (pneumatophores)and support (stilt and prop).Stems – features (nodes internodes,buds), modifications – underground,aerial and sub-aerial.Leaves - parts of a simple leaf, venation,types of leaves (simple and compound –pinnate and palmate), phyllotaxy –alternate, opposite, whorled (with anexample of each).(d) Gymnosperms: general characteristicsand graphic outline of life cycle of atypical gymnosperm (Pinus). Economicimportance.(e) Angiosperms – general characteristicsand classification into monocots anddicots; Graphic outline of life cycle of atypical angiosperm.Modifications for mechanical ous plant (pitcher plant,Venus-fly-trap.(f) Comparison of life cycle patterns ofdifferent plant groups (haplontic,diplontic and haplo-diplontic).(b) Morphology of flower, fruit and seed.Structure of a typical flower, types ofinflorescence (racemose and cymose).(iv) Animal s/tetramerous/pentamerouscomplete/ incomplete, s, corolla: gamopetalous,polysepalous, perianth), essential whorls(androecium: cohesion - syngenesious,synandrous, monadelphous, diadelphous,polyadelphous; adhesion – epipetalous,epiphyllous; number of lobes –monothecous, dithecous; Gynoecium:position of ovary – epigynous,hypogynous, perigynous, cohesion –apocarpous, syncarpous, number oflocules–unilocular,bilocular,multilocular], types of inflorescence(racemose and cymose – definition anddifferences; subtypes not required).Animal Kingdom: animal construction - bodyplan (cell aggregate plan, blind-sac plan andtube-within-tube plan), symmetry (spherical,radial and bilateral symmetry), coelomdevelopment (diploblastic and triploblasticorganisation in animals, ate), ers with two examples of Porifera,Cnidaria, Ctenophora, data – sub-classification of Chordatawith reference to notochord - sub phylaUrochordata, Cephalochordata. Vertebrata(classes – cyclostomata, chondrichthyes,osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, aves and192
Fruits to be classified into true and false,structure of a typical fruit (mango andcoconut).Location, structure and functions ofepithelial tissues with examples, typesof junctions (tight, adhering and gapjunctions) location and generalstructure of areolar tissue - functions ofdifferent types of cells; differencebetween bone and cartilage; T.S. ofhyaline cartilage, T.S of bone, (to betaught with the help of diagrams);different types of muscles and theirfunctions; structure of a neuron (types– unipolar, bipolar, multipolar,myelinated,non-myelinated).Neuroglial cells.(b) CockroachMorphology, anatomy and functionsofdifferentsystems(digestive,circulatory, respiratory, nervous andreproductive) of an insect (cockroach) a brief account only.Seeds – structure of dicot (bean) andmonocot (maize), non-albuminous andalbuminous, perisperm.Description of families – Solanaceae,Fabaceae and Liliaceae.(ii) Anatomy of Flowering Plants(a) Plant Tissues: types of plant tissues:Meristematic tissues: classification ofmeristematic tissue. Permanent Tissues:structure and function of simple tissues(parenchyma,collenchymaandsclerenchyma) and complex tissues(xylem and phloem), tissue system.Internal structure of root, stem, and leaf.Characteristics of meristematic tissue;classification of meristems based onorigin and location; structure, functionand location of permanent tissues;simple and complex tissues; epidermal,ground and vascular tissue systems.Cellular diagrams of T.S. of roots andstem and V.S. of monocot and dicotleaves are required.3. Cell: Structure and Function(i) Cell - the Unit of LifeCell theory and cell as the basic unit of life:Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryoticcells; Plant cell and animal cell; cellenvelope; cell membrane, cell wall(including definition of plasmodesmata);cell organelles – ultrastructure andendomembranesystemfunction;(endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi plastids,microbodies;cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles;nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin,nucleolus.Historical aspects, cell theory, size andshape of cells; general structure ofprokaryotic cell; differences between gram ve and gram –ve bacteria.General structure of eukaryotic cell, ultrastructure and function of cell wall, cellmembrane (description of fluid mosaic(b) Secondary growth in dicot stem and dicotrootBasic idea of how secondary growthtakes place in dicot stems and roots (withthe help of outline diagrams) andformation of annual rings. Activity of thecambium and cork cambium, formationof secondary tissues, differences betweenheart wood and sap wood, early woodand late wood. Definition of bark.(iii) Structural Organisation in Animals(a) Animal tissuesEpithelial, connective, muscular andnervous tissues to be taught with the helpof diagrams.193
substrateinhibitors.model; functions of the plasma membrane:active and passive transport, briefexplanation of facilitated diffusion (uniport,symport and antiport) with one example.Mitochondria, nucleus (structure and typesof chromosomes on the basis of the positionof centromere, satellite), types of plastids,endomembranesystem(endoplasmicreticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes andvacuoles),ribosomes,microbodies,cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella and centrioles;difference between prokaryotic cell andeukaryotic cell, plant and animal cell,microfilaments and microtubules, flagellaand cilia.concentration.Competitive(iii) Cell Cycle and Cell DivisionCell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and theirsignificance.Different stages with diagrams. Significanceof mitosis and meiosis.4. Plant Physiology(i) Transport in PlantsMovement of water, gases and nutrients;cell to cell transport, diffusion, facilitateddiffusion, active transport; plant-waterrelations, imbibition, water potential,osmosis, plasmolysis;long distancetransport of water - absorption, apoplast,symplast, transpiration pull, root pressureand guttation; transpiration, opening andclosing of stomata; uptake and translocationof mineral nutrients - transport of food phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis;diffusion of gases.(ii) BiomoleculesP roteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleicacids, enzymes.Carbohydrates: general classification andfunctions of: monosaccharides (glucose,ribose and deoxyribose), arides (glycogen, starch, cellulose,inulin, and chitin).Definition of imbibition; factors affectingimbibition; importance of imbibition,characteristics and significance of diffusion;osmosis - endosmosis and exosmosis;significance of osmosis and turgidity osmotic pressure, turgor pressure, wallpressure; definition of turgidity, plasmolysis,deplasmolysis, importance of water; activeand passive absorption of water; apoplasticand symplastic movements, definition ofwater potential and its components viz.solute, matrix and pressure potential(numerical problems based on this conceptare not required). Root pressure – definitionand experiment to demonstrate it.Explanation and definition of transpiration,significance of transpiration. Stomatalmechanism – starch sugar inter conversionand K -ion mechanism. Mechanism of ascentof sap by cohesion – tension andtranspiration pull theory.Guttation –definition, differences between transpirationProteins: amino acids – (structure: glycine,alanine, serine); amino acids as zwitter-ion;examples of acidic, basic, neutral, sulphurcontaining amino acids; essential andnonessential amino acids; levels of proteinstructure (primary, secondary, tertiary andquaternary); functions of proteins.Lipids: classification, structure and functionsof fats and oils.Nucleotides and Nucleic acids: structureand function of DNA. Differences betweenDNA and RNA.Enzymes: general properties, nomenclatureand classification of enzymes according totype of reactions, co-factors (prostheticgroups, coenzymes and metal ions. Factorsaffecting enzyme activity - temperature, pH,194
cycles – graphic representation in correctsequence (carboxylation, glycolytic reversaland regeneration of pentose); Differencesbetween C3 and C4 plants, C3 and C4 cycles,Photosystems I and II, Photorespirationpathway in brief - explanation of how RuBPcarboxylase acts as RuBP oxygenase.Kranz anatomy. Blackman’s Law of limitingfactors, factors affecting photosynthesis.and guttation. Function of stomata, lenticeland hydathode. Mineral uptake by active andpassive transport.Transport of solutes; evidences whichindicate that downward movement of organicsolutes takes place in phloem; girdling andtracertechniques,mechanismoftranslocation; mass flow hypothesis.(iv) Respiration in Plants(ii) Mineral NutritionExchange of gases; cellular respiration glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCAcycleand electron transport system(aerobic); energy relations - number of ATPmolecules generated; amphibolic pathways;respiratory quotient.Essentialminerals,macroandmicronutrients and their role; deficiencysymptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary ideaof hydroponics nitrogen metabolism,nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.Criteria for essentiality of minerals,hydroponics, macro and micronutrients; roleand deficiency symptoms (hunger signs) ofvarious elements. Mineral toxicity.Types of respiration; mechanism ofrespiration: glycolysis, oxidation ofpyruvate, Krebs’ cycle, ETS (onlyflowchart). Oxidative phosphorylation –definition; Brief idea of fermentation andAmphibolicpathway.Definitionofrespiratory quotient and RQ values ofcarbohydrates, proteins and fats.Root nodule formation, biological nitrogenfixation, non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation andsymbiotic nitrogen fixation (such asRhizobium and Azospirillum). Role ofcyanobacteria such as Azolla, Anabaena,Nostoc; importance of nitrogenase complexand leghaemoglobin pigment. Nitrogen cycle(graphic outline).(v) Plant Growth and DevelopmentSeed germination; phases of opmental processes in a plant cell;growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin,cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy;vernalisation; photoperiodism.(iii) Photosynthesis in higher plantsPhotosynthesis as a mean of autotrophicnutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigmentsinvolved in photosynthesis (elementaryidea); photochemical and clic photophosphorylation;chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration;C3 and C4 pathways; factors affectingphotosynthesis.A brief idea about ion.Phases of growth in meristems, growth rate –definition; measurement of growth by directmethod and use of auxanometer, factorsaffecting growth.ContributionsofPriestley,Sachs,Engelmann, van Neil; differences betweenabsorption and action spectra.Discovery and physiological role of growthregulators in plants (such as auxins,gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene andabscisic acid –four effects of each);application of growth regulators, Definitionof dormancy and quiescence; causes andmethods of breaking seed dormancy.Brief idea of photosynthetic pigments(difference between chlorophyll ‘a’&‘b’,carotenoids and xanthophyll), photochemicalphase - pigment systems, cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation, chemiosmotichypothesis; biosynthetic phase - C3 and C4195
emphysema,disorders.Photomorphogenesis in plants.A brief idea of short day, long day and dayneutral plants; critical day sm and vernalisation.5.occupationalrespiratory(iii) Body fluids and circulationComposition of blood, blood groups,coagulation of blood; composition of lymphand its function; human circulatory system- structure of human heart and bloodvessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output,ECG; double circulation; regulation ofcardiac activity; disorders of circulatorysystem.Human Physiology(i) Digestion and AbsorptionAlimentary canal and digestive glands,role of digestive enzymes; peristalsis,digestion, absorption and assimilation ofproteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorificvalues of proteins, carbohydrates andfats; egestion; nutritional and digestivedisorders.Difference between closed and open vascularsystem; external and internal structure ofheart; working of the heart and blood flowthrough the heart during different phasesshould be described under the followingheadings - auricular systole, auriculardiastole, ventricular systole, ventriculardiastole and joint diastole; definition ofcardiac output, regulation of heart beat,ECG; arterial blood pressure (systolic anddiastolic), double circulation. The internalstructure of artery, vein and capillary.Importance of ABO groups in bloodtransfusion, Rh factor and its importance intransfusion and pregnancy; clotting of bloodto be taught briefly; lymphatic system – abrief idea of lymph, lymphatic capillariesand lymph nodes; disorders of thecirculatory system such as hypertension,coronary artery disease, angina pectoris andheart failure.Calorific value of ca
CORRIGENDUM: BIOLOGY PRACTICAL (PAPER 2) Please be informed that the break – up of marks for the assessment of Project Work and the Practical File for Biology stands revised for the ISC Examination to be held in and after the year 2017. In the previous years, 10 marks (7 marks for Project work and 3 marks for Practical
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