Moon Obs #1 Due! - Uwyo.edu

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Moon Obs #1 Due! Moon visible: early morning through afternoon 6 more due June 13th 15 total due June 25th Final Report Due June 28th

Our Solar System Objectives Overview of what is in our solar system How was the solar system formed

Planets Each planet has unique characteristics But there are similarities- Mars, Venus, and Earth havevolcanoes; Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune & Uranus have rings,etc. Planets are divided into two broad categories: Terrestrial (inner, rocky, Earthlike) planets:Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Jovian (outer, Gas Giant) planets: Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus, Neptune

Planets-Orbits All orbits have low eccentricity All roughly in the same plane All orbit in the same direction(CCW seen from above). Why is that?

Planets-Physical Properties Terrestrial planets have hard, rocky surfaces you could stand on Jovian planets are made of mostly liquid and gas. What we see aren’thard surfaces, but cloud formations in their atmospheres Jovian planets are much larger then the terrestrials!

Other Satellites (Moons) All the other planets, except Mercury and Venus, have satellites(moons) More than 140 satellites in our Solar System! Earth has 1, Mars has 2, Jupiter has 62, Saturn has 43, Uranushas 24, and Neptune has 13 All are very different from each other- not just copies of our ownMoon. But they do all have solid surfaces (like terrestrial planets)

Other Objects: Asteroids Asteroids (minor planets) are found interior to Jupiter’s orbit Small rocky objects (largest 900 km) N 100,000’s Big Ones Many more small ones Most in the Asteroid Belt Trojan Asteroids could beBroken up moons!

Other Objects: Trans-Neptunian Trans-Neptunian Objects arefound outside the orbit ofNeptune Pluto is now considered oneof these objects Pluto’s small size and strangeorbit resulted in it’s recentdemotion from “planet” Objects in the Kuiper belt andOort cloud are tans-Neptunianobjects

Kuiper BeltComets are formed when Kuiper Belt objects“bump” each other (gravitationally orphysically)

Oort Cloud Defines the outerboundary of our solarsystem and thegravitational dominance ofthe Sun! These objects are the leftover material from theformation of the solarsystem

LTThe solar system is a large, mostly empty space This tutorial will give you an idea of the size of things Sun Size pg. 105

How did the Planets get to be this way?Courtesy of APOD

The Nebular Hypothesis A rotating cloud of gas and dust undergoes gravitationalcollapse and flattens. Cloud composed of 74% Hydrogen and 24% Helium A few trace elements (C,N,O,Be,etc)

Spherically collapsingdue to gravity. The Cloud has aninitial rotation Angular momentum(L): L mvr Conservation: L1 L2 m1v1r1 m2v2r2 If r decreases v increasesFlattening of Rotating Cloud InitialRotation

Things that spin tend to flatten out in shapeDemo

Why Does Everything Rotate and Spin in theSame Direction?rvsmallerv: revolutionCollapserCollapsevbiggerv:spin

The planets formed by the accretion of planetesimalsand the accumulation of gases in the solar nebula Kelvin Temperaturescale: T(k) T(C) 273.15 Defined absolute zero is 0 Absolute zero:temperature at which allatomic motion stops! Celsius: Defined as freezing andboiling of water is 0 and100 Fahrenheit: based off thefreezing and boiling pointof salt water?Iron, Silicon, etc condenses

Solar WindaFeFeaHaHaF maFeFeaaHaHaFeH Hydrogena

Accumulation Two particles are gravitationally attracted to each other Stick together Then two more, and so on

Planetesimals Sweep Up!

So what’s in the solar system? Defined by the sun, and anything orbiting around it:1.2.3.4.5.Planets (8, no Pluto for you!)Planetary moonsAsteroidsComets (trans-Neptunian objects)Other debris (dust, gas, charged particles, etc.)

Which of the following correctly lists the various regionsof our solar system in increasing distance from theSun?A. Terrestrial planets,cloud, Kuiper beltB. Terrestrial planets,belt, Oort cloudC. Terrestrial planets,belt, Oort cloudD. Terrestrial planets,belt, Oort cloudJovian planets, asteroid belt, Oortasteroid belt, Jovian planets, KuiperKuiper belt, Jovian planets, asteroidJovian planets, asteroid belt, Kuiper

Which of the following facts CANNOT be explained bythe theory that the planets formed out of a rotatingflattened disk that formed from the solar nebula?A.B.C.D.All of the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction.The orbits of all of the planets lie near the ecliptic plane.The outer planets have compositions similar to the Sun.Most of the moons in our solar system belong to the Jovianplanets.

Rocky planets formed closer to the Sun becauseA. Elements like Carbon and Silicon have low condensationtemperaturesB. Elements like Carbon and Silicon have high condensationtemperaturesC. H and He can’t accumulate because they don’t have massD. Rocky and gaseous materials don’t get along

For a planet-star system, the center of mass of the twois locatedA.B.C.D.closer to the planet.closer to the star.directly in between the two.at the center of the star.

LT Temp and Formation of The Solar System pg. 103

Planets Each planet has unique characteristics But there are similarities- Mars, Venus, and Earth have volcanoes; Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune & Uranus have rings, etc. Planets are divided into two broad categories: Terrestrial (inner, rocky, Earthlike) planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Jovian (outer

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