Build It, And They Will Come! Experiences In 3-D
Copyright 2013 by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Inc., www.nctm.org. All rights reserved. This material maynot be copied or distributed electronically or in other formats without written permission from NCTM.StudentExplorationsBuild It, and They Will Comein MathematicsBuild It, andThey Will Come!Experiences in 3-DWhat is one skill that architects, artists, physicists,designers, and engineers have in common? Spatialreasoning. This skill is the ability to visualize with themind’s eye. People in these professions are able to rotatean object mentally. They can examine a two-dimensionaldrawing or blueprint and imagine what the object will looklike in three dimensions.In this activity, you will explore cube constructions andisometric drawings as a means to develop your ownspatial reasoning skills.Four-Cube Structures1. Using exactly 4 cubes, construct as many differentstructures as possible. As you build each structure,set it aside so you can later make comparisons.3. Describe what it means for two structures to becongruent.2. During a class discussion, list the class rules for building structures as they emerge.4. In your own words, describe the terms face, edge,and vertex and how many of each are on a cube.1Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It, and They Will Come5. Match each drawing on Isometric Handout 1 to thestructures you built for question 1.b. How did your prediction compare to the total numberof blocks used to build the structure?AnFrom Isometric Drawings to Models:Constructing a 3-D Model from an Isometric Drawing6. Examine your isometric drawing. How many blocks doyou think are in your figure? Explain your reasoning.8. What strategies did you find helpful in building a modelof the isometric drawing?7. Using interlocking cubes, build the model of the isometric drawing assigned to your group. When you arefinished building your model, display the completedmodel on your table.a. How many total blocks did you actually need to buildyour assigned structure?9. Five interlocking cubes are used to build each of themodels in figure 1. Which models are congruent?Explain why.Figure 1. Determine which figures are congruent.(a)(b)(d)2(c)(e)(f)Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It, and They Will ComeUnderstanding Orthographic ViewsBuild Models from Orthographic Views10. a. Construct figure 2.11. Given the top, front, and right orthographic views infigure 4, use cubes to construct each model. Checkyour work with another student to see if your modelsare congruent.b. Label the orthographic views in figure 3 as theycorrespond to the sides of your isometric drawingin figure 2.Figure 2. Construct the figure.Figure 3. Identify the viewpoint.RightFrontFigure 4. Use the top, front, and right orthographic views below to construct b)(c)3Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It, and They Will ComeMat PlansIn the previous activities, you worked with structures anddeveloped various ways to represent those structuresusing isometric drawings and orthographic views. In thenext activity, you will develop another way to represent asolid. This is called a mat plan or mat diagram (see fig. 5).13. A mat plan (see fig. 6) for a structure has beenstarted for you below. Analyze the drawing and complete the mat plan.Figure 6. Complete the mat plan in fig. 6.12. Using the isometric drawing in figure 5, explain whateach number on the mat plan represents.Figure 5. This shows an isometric drawing (a) and a matplan (b) for a structure.(a)FrontFrontRightRight22 11111(b)21 1RightFront4Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It, and They Will Come14. Complete a mat plan for the given solid in figure 7.Creating Your Own Isometric DrawingsVisualization can be described as looking at a threedimensional object and mentally seeing the appropriateorthographic views. It also can be described as lookingat orthographic views and mentally visualizing the threedimensional object. Visualization is important for anyoneworking in the fields of drafting, design, or engineering.Practice will improve one’s ability to visualize.Figure 7. More mat plan practice.Orthographic views are two-dimensional views of threedimensional objects. Orthographic views represent theexact shape of an object as seen from one side at atime as you look at it from the perpendicular. Depth isnot shown.FrontRight16. Set a single cube on your mat, and draw the frontright view on isometric dot paper.17. Given the front and right orthographic views infigure 9, draw the structure on isometric grid paper.Figure 9. This shows the front and right orthographicviews. After you draw the structure on isometric gridpaper, be sure to label your drawing.15. Build the structure that the mat plan in figure 8represents.Figure 8. Build the structure represented by the mat planbelow.3121112FrontRightRight18. Given the isometric drawing in figure 10, draw theorthographic views of the front, right, and top.Front19. Given the isometric drawing in figure 11, create theorthographic views for the front, right, and top.20. Use between 6 and 10 cubes to create a three-dimensional object. Place it on your mat plan, and draw twodifferent views of the object. Identify the front andright views.5Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It, and They Will ComeFigure 10. Draw and label the front, right, and top view.FrontRightFigure 11. This shows an isometric drawing; draw the orthographic views of the front, right, and top.FrontRightFigure 12. Create a rectangular prism with double thevolume of the prism shown here.Table 1. Increasing the VolumeFactor EachSide LengthIncreases byWay to Consider theNew Side LengthsExpressionfor NewVolume26Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It and They Will Come21. Create a rectangular prism with a volume that is doublethe volume of figure 12 (see table 1). Explain your reasoning.Can You . . . determine the angle through which we drew theisometric drawings in figure 1? determine the maximum number of edges youcan see in any structures in figure 1? determine the shapes that are made by a hexahedron when drawn on an isometric drawing grid? determine at which angle, as the object rotatesfrom 0 degrees to 90 degrees, the square appearsfirst to be a parallelogram and then a rhombus?Did you know that . . .22. a . How will the volume of figure 12 change as eachdimension is doubled? an isometric drawing, also called isometric projection, is a way of graphically representing threedimensional objects? Such drawings are used byengineers, technical illustrators, and architects. isometric drawings are used in video games tocreate an illusion of three dimensions on a twodimensional surface?Sourceb. If each dimension is now “n” times the original dimensions, write the expression that would represent thenew volume.NCTM Illuminations. 2013. “Isomentric Drawing il.aspx?ID 125.Student Explorations in Mathematics is published electronically by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1906 Association Drive, Reston,VA 20191-1502. The five issues per year appear in September, November, January, March, and May. Pages may be reproduced for classroom usewithout permission.Editorial Panel Chair:Co-Editor:Editorial Panel:Field Editor:Board Liaison:Editorial Manager:Production Editor:Production Specialist:7Darshan Jain, Adlai E. Stevenson High School, Lincolnshire, Illinois; djainm7712@gmail.comLarry Linnen, University of Colorado–Denver; llinnen@q.comSharon McCready, Department of Education, Nova Scotia, Canada; mccreasa@gov.ns.caAnthony Stinson, Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia; anthonystinson@clayton.eduKathy Erickson, Monument Mountain Regional High School, Great Barrington, Massachusetts; kathyserickson@gmail.comBarbara Wood, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia; bbwood62@msn.comEd Nolan, Montgomery County Public Schools, Rockville, Maryland; edward c nolan@mcpsmd.orgLatrenda Knighten, Polk Elementary School, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; ldknighten@aol.comBeth Skipper, NCTM; bskipper@nctm.orgLuanne Flom, NCTMRebecca Totten, NCTM
Build It, and They Will ComeDefining Terms in Your Own rtexStudent Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It, and They Will ComeIsometric Dot Paper (1 cm)Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It, and They Will ComeIsometric Dot Paper (2 cm)
Build It, and They Will ComeIsometric Handout 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 1Figure 5Figure 4Figure 6Figure 7Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
Build It, and They Will ComeIsometric Handout 2Figure 1Figure 2Figure 4Figure 3Figure 5Figure 6Student Explorations in Mathematics, September 2013
5. atch each drawing on Isometric Handout 1 to the M structures you built for question 1. From Isometric Drawings to Models: Constructing a 3-D Model from an Isometric Drawing 6. Examine your isometric drawing. . Create a rectangular prism with double the volume of the prism shown here. Build It and They Will Come
Build State 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Ratio of Slow Builds in a Project (b) Ratio of Slow Builds Passed Errored Failed Errored and Failed Build State 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Ratio of Build Time in a Project (c) Ratio of Build Time Figure 1: Distributions of Build Time, Ratio of Slow Builds and Ratio of Build Time w.r.t. Build States
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Quick-Build Warehouse SBH2600, height 2.6m 6 Quick-Build Warehouse SBH3000, height 3.0m 8 Quick-Build Warehouse SBH4000, height 4.0m 10 Quick-Build Warehouse SBH4800, height 4.8m 12 Useful accessories 14 Your individual Quick-Build Warehouse
2 DESIGN-BUILD DONE RIGHT . v2 - Ferary 2014 DESIGN-BUILD DONE RIGHT. BEST DESIGN-BUILD PRACTICES A DESIGN-BUILD INSTITUTE OF AMERICA PUBLICATION. The practices identified in this document have two basic characteristics: 1 They are written to be universal in applicability, spanning any type of
13 Visual Studio Tutorial: Introduction to Visual Studio and C# This is done in the Properties window: 2.2.7. Build and Debug Tools In Visual Studio we have lots of Build and Debugging Tools. Build menu: Below we see the Build menu: The most used tool is "Build Solution" (Shortcut Key: F6). Debug menu: Below we see the Debug menu:
