Appendix A Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Study
Appendix AAir Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions ImpactStudyCEQA Initial Study
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BOYLE HEIGHTS SPORTS CENTER GYMAIR QUALITY ANDGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IMPACT STUDYPrepared forLOS ANGELES BUREAU OF ENGINEERINGPrepared byTERRY A. HAYES ASSOCIATES INC.January 2019taha 2018-003
Boyle Heights Sports Center GymAir Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact StudyTable of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTSPage No.1.0SUMMARY OF FINDINGS . 12.0INTRODUCTION . 22.1Purpose of Report . 22.2Project Description. 23.0AIR QUALITY. 43.1Air Pollutant Characteristics and Effects . 43.2Regulatory Framework . 73.3Existing Environmental Setting . 103.4Methodology and Significance Thresholds . 123.5Environmental Impacts . 153.6Cumulative Impacts . 204.0GREENHOUSE GAS . 214.1Pollutants and Effects . 214.2Regulatory Framework . 214.3Existing Environmental Setting . 244.4Methodology and Significance Thresholds . 244.5Environmental Impacts . 264.6Cumulative Impacts . 275.0REFERENCES . 28APPENDIX A: AIR QUALITY CALCULATIONSLIST OF TABLESTable 3-1Table 3-2Table 3-3Table 3-4Table 4-1Table 4-2Table 4-3Ambient Air Quality Standards and Attainment Status Designations. 8SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds – Mass Daily Emissions . 15Estimated Daily Construction Emissions . Error! Bookmark not defined.Estimated Daily Operational Emissions . 17Global Warming Potential for Various Greenhouse Gases. 21California Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Trend . 24Estimated Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions . Error! Bookmark not defined.LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2-1Figure 3-1taha 2018-003Regional Location Map . 3Sensitive Receptors . 13ii
Boyle Heights Sports Center GymAir Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Study1.0 Summary of Findings1.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGSTerry A. Hayes Associates Inc. (TAHA) has completed an Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas (GHG)Emissions Impact Study for the Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering (LABOE) Boyle Heights SportsCenter Gym (proposed project). The analyses assessed potential environmental impacts related toair pollutant and GHG emissions resulting from construction and operation of the proposed project.Emissions were evaluated for significance in accordance with applicable South Coast Air QualityManagement District (SCAQMD) methodologies for individual development projects within theSouth Coast Air Basin (SCAB). The air quality impact assessment was conducted in accordancewith the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Appendix G EnvironmentalChecklist criteria. A summary describing the conclusions of potential air quality impacts associatedwith implementation of the proposed project is provided in Table 1-1.TABLE 1-1: SUMMARY OF IMPACT STATEMENTSImpact StatementLevel of SignificanceApplicable MitigationMeasuresLess-Than-Significant ImpactNoneLess-Than-Significant ImpactNoneLess-Than-Significant ImpactNoneLess-Than-Significant ImpactNoneLess-Than-Significant ImpactNoneLess-Than-Significant ImpactNoneLess-Than-Significant ImpactNoneAIR QUALITYWould the proposed project conflict with or obstructimplementation of the applicable air quality plan?Would the proposed project violate any air quality standard orcontribute substantially to an existing or projected air qualityviolation?Would the proposed project result in a cumulatively considerablenet increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project regionis nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient airquality standard (including releasing emissions which exceedquantitative thresholds for ozone precursors)?Would the proposed project expose sensitive receptors tosubstantial pollutant concentrations?Would the proposed project create objectionable odors affecting asubstantial number of people?GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSWould the proposed project generate greenhouse gas emissions,either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact onthe environment?Would the proposed project conflict with any applicable plan,policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing theemissions of greenhouse gases?SOURCE: TAHA, 2018.taha 2018-0031
Boyle Heights Sports Center GymAir Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Study2.0 Introduction2.0 INTRODUCTION2.1PURPOSE OF REPORTThe purpose of this report is to assess the potential significance of environmental impacts relatedto air quality and GHG emissions associated with construction and operation of the proposedproject to satisfy the requirements of the CEQA Guidelines. Following the project description, thecontents of the air quality assessment of this report include an overview of the topic of air quality, asummary of air quality management regulations relevant to the proposed project, a discussion ofthe existing environmental setting, and the assessment of potential environmental impacts basedon the Appendix G Environmental Checklist criteria for Air Quality. The GHG emissionsassessment provides an overview of the atmospheric processes that make GHG emissions anenvironmental concern, a summary of the regulatory framework established to control GHGemissions and a brief discussion of GHG emissions trends in California, and finally analyzes theGHG emissions associated with implementation of the proposed project in the context of applicableregulations and the Appendix G Environmental Checklist criteria criteria. Impact determinations areprovided for each environmental checklist item.2.2PROJECT DESCRIPTIONThe proposed project includes a new 10,000 square foot gym at the Boyle Heights Sports Centerlocated at 933 South Mott Street in the City of Los Angeles. The new gym will offer multi-use spacefor the Boyle Heights community. It will include a full-sized basketball court, staff offices for the Cityof Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks, equipment storage rooms, restrooms, a plazafor special gatherings, green space, pedestrian paths, and additional parking. Incorporatingsustainable design principles and drought-resistant landscaping, the new facility will be certified asa Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Net Zero (producing as much or moreenergy than it consumes) facility. The proposed project also includes an 8,700-square-foot surfaceparking lot.The project site is currently occupied by two vacant dilapidated buildings situated along WhitterBoulevard, between Mott Street and Mathews Street. Figure 2-1 shows the location of the projectsite. The adjacent land uses include commercial uses to the north, commercial and an automobilerepair shop to the east, multi-family residential to the south and the Santa Isabel CatholicSchool/Church to the west.taha 2018-0032
Project SiteTo modify any fonts for a specific client, push F11 to open Paragraph Styles, and edit the styles that apply tothe type of text.To make global changes to text (e.g. project name, client name, project number, document name), push F12and edit the relevant master sheets. To apply a master sheet to a page, just drag the master sheet onto thepage in the Pages window.Project SiteBoyle HeightsCity of Los AngelesCountiesSource: TAHA, 2018.Boyle Heights Sports Center GymAir Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact StudyTAHA 2018-003LABOEIFIGURE 2-1PROJECT LOCATION
Boyle Heights Sports Center GymAir Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Study3.0 Air Quality3.0 AIR QUALITYThis section examines the degree to which the proposed project may result in changes to airquality on regional and local scales. This section also describes the characteristics and effects ofair pollutants, the applicable regulatory framework, the existing air quality conditions, andmethodology and significance thresholds in the proposed project area. This section assesses thepotential significance of air pollutant emissions associated with construction and operation of theproposed project. Emissions are quantified in terms of pounds (lb/day) of pollutant emitted into theatmosphere on a daily basis. The concentration of a pollutant in ambient air is defined by theamount of air pollutant per volumetric unit of air, expressed in terms of parts-per-million (ppm) ormicrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3).3.1AIR POLLUTANT CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTSAir quality is characterized by ambient air concentrations of seven specific pollutants identified bythe United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to be of concern with respect tohealth and welfare of the general public. These specific pollutants, known as “criteria airpollutants,” are pollutants for which the federal and State governments have established ambientair quality standards, or criteria, for outdoor concentrations to protect public health. The federalambient concentration criteria are known as the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS),and the California ambient concentration criteria are referred to as the California Ambient AirQuality Standards (CAAQS). Federal criteria air pollutants include ground-level ozone (O3),nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOX), respirable particulate matterten microns or less in diameter (PM10), fine particulate matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter(PM2.5), and lead (Pb). The following descriptions of each criteria air pollutant and their healtheffects are based on information provided by the SCAQMD.13.1.1Federal Criteria Air PollutantsOzone (O3). O3, a colorless gas with a sharp odor, is a highly reactive form of oxygen. High O3concentrations exist naturally in the stratosphere. However, it is also formed in the atmospherewhen volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) react in the presence ofultraviolet sunlight (also known as smog). The primary sources of VOC and NOX, the componentsof O3, are automobile exhaust and industrial sources. Some mixing of stratospheric O3 downwardthrough the troposphere to the earth’s surface does occur; however, the extent of O3 transport islimited.The propensity of O3 for reacting with organic materials causes it to be damaging to living cells andcause health effects. O3 enters the human body primarily through the respiratory tract and causesrespiratory irritation and discomfort, makes breathing more difficult during exercise, and reducesthe respiratory system’s ability to remove inhaled particles and fight infection. Individuals exercisingoutdoors, children and people with preexisting lung disease, such as asthma and chronicpulmonary lung disease, are considered to be the most susceptible subgroups for O3 effects.Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). NO2 is a reddish-brown gas with a bleach-like odor. Nitric oxide (NO) is acolorless gas, formed from nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) under conditions of high temperature andpressure which are generally present during combustion of fuels (e.g., motor vehicles); NO reactsrapidly with the oxygen in air to form NO2. NO2 is responsible for the brownish tinge of polluted air.The two gases, NO and NO2, are referred to collectively as NOX. In the presence of sunlight,atmospheric NO2 reacts and splits to form a NO molecule and an oxygen atom. The oxygen atomcan react further to form O3, via a complex series of chemical reactions involving hydrocarbons.1SCAQMD,taha 2018-003Final Program Environmental Impact Report for the 2016 AQMP, May 2018.4
Boyle Heights Sports Center GymAir Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Study3.0 Air QualityPopulation-based studies suggest that an increase in acute respiratory illness, including infectionsand respiratory symptoms in children (not infants), is associated with long-term exposures to NO2at levels found in homes with gas stoves, which are higher than ambient levels found in SouthernCalifornia (fewer or no stoves). In healthy subjects, increase in resistance to air flow and airwaycontraction is observed after short-term exposure to NO2. Larger decreases in lung functions areobserved in individuals with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (e.g., chronicbronchitis, emphysema) than in healthy individuals, indicating a greater susceptibility of these subgroups. More recent studies have found associations between NO2 exposures andcardiopulmonary mortality, decreased lung function, respiratory symptoms and emergency roomasthma visits.Carbon Monoxide (CO). CO is a colorless, odorless, relatively inert gas. It is a trace constituent inthe unpolluted troposphere and is produced by both natural processes and human activities. Inremote areas far from human habitation, CO occurs in the atmosphere at an average backgroundconcentration of 0.04 ppm, primarily as a result of natural processes such as forest fires and theoxidation of methane. Global atmospheric mixing of CO from urban and industrial sources createshigher background concentrations (up to 0.20 ppm) near urban areas. The major source of CO inurban areas is incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels, mainly gasoline.Individuals with a deficient blood supply to the heart are the most susceptible to the adverse effectsof CO exposure. The effects observed include earlier onset of chest pain with exercise, andelectrocardiograph changes indicative of worsening oxygen supply to the heart. Inhaled CO has nodirect toxic effect on the lungs but exerts its effect on tissues by interfering with oxygen transportby competing with oxygen to combine with hemoglobin present in the blood to formcarboxyhemoglobin (COHb). Hence, conditions with an increased demand for oxygen supply canbe adversely affected by exposure to CO. Individuals most at risk include patients with diseasesinvolving heart and blood vessels, fetuses (unborn babies), and patients with chronic hypoxemia(oxygen deficiency) as seen in high altitudes.Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). SO2 is a colorless gas with a sharp odor. It reacts in air to form sulfuric acid,which contributes to acid precipitation, and sulfates, which are components of particulate matter.Main sources of SO2 include coal and oil used in power plants and industries. Exposure of a fewminutes to low levels of SO2 can result in airway constriction in some asthmatics. All asthmaticsare sensitive to the effects of SO2. In asthmatics, increase in resistance to air flow, as well asreduction in breathing capacity leading to severe breathing difficulties, is observed after acutehigher exposure to SO2. In contrast, healthy individuals do not exhibit similar acute responses,even after exposure to higher concentrations of SO2.Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5). Particles small enough to be inhaled into the deepest partsof the lung are of great concern to public health. Major sources of PM10 include crushing or grindingoperations; dust stirred up by vehicles traveling on roads; wood burning stoves and fireplaces; dustfrom construction, landfills and agriculture; wildfires and brush/waste burning; industrial sources;windblown dust from open lands; and atmospheric chemical and photochemical reactions.Emissions of PM2.5 result from fuel combustion (e.g., motor vehicles, power generation andindustrial facilities), residential fireplaces and wood stoves. In addition, PM2.5 can be formed in theatmosphere from gases such as SO2, NOX, and VOC.Respirable particles (PM10) can accumulate in the respiratory system and aggravate healthproblems such as asthma, bronchitis and other lung diseases. Children, the elderly, exercisingadults, and those suffering from asthma are especially vulnerable to adverse health effects of PM.A consistent correlation between elevated ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels and anincrease in mortality rates, respiratory infections, number and severity of asthma attacks and thetaha 2018-0035
Boyle Heights Sports Center GymAir Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Study3.0 Air Qualitynumber of hospital admissions has been observed in different parts of the United States andvarious areas around the world. Studies have reported an association between long-term exposureto air pollution dominated by PM2.5 and increased mortality, reduction in life-span, and an increasedmortality from lung cancer.Daily fluctuations in PM2.5 concentration levels have also been related to hospital admissions foracute respiratory conditions, to school and kindergarten absences, to a decrease in respiratoryfunction in normal children and to increased medication use in children and adults with asthma.Studies have also shown lung function growth in children is reduced with long-term exposure toPM. In addition to children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing respiratory and/orcardiovascular disease appear to be more susceptible to the effects of PM10 and PM2.5.Lead (Pb). Pb in the atmosphere is present as a mixture of a number of lead compounds. Leadedgasoline and lead smelters have been the main sources of lead emitted into the air. Due to thephasing out of leaded gasoline, there was a dramatic reduction in atmospheric Pb over the pastthree decades. Exposure to low levels of Pb can adversely affect the development and function ofthe central nervous system, leading to learning disorders, distractibility, inability to follow simplecommands, and lower intelligence quotient. Fetuses, infants, and children are more sensitive thanothers to the adverse effects of Pb exposure. In adults, increased Pb levels are associated withincreased blood pressure. Pb poisoning can cause anemia, lethargy, seizures, and death. There isno evidence to suggest that there are direct effects of Pb on the respiratory system.3.1.2State Criteria Air PollutantsThe State of California has established CAAQS for the following pollutants in addition to those thatare regulated under the NAAQS.Visibility-Reducing Particles. Deterioration of visibility is one of the most obvious manifestationsof air pollution and plays a major role in the public’s perception of air quality. Visibility reductionfro
Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Study taha 2018-003 1 1.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Terry A. Hayes Associates Inc. (TAHA) has completed an Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Impact Study for the Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering (LABOE) Boyle Heights Sports Center Gym (proposed project).
Greenhouse type based on shape: a) Lean to type greenhouse. b) Even span type greenhouse. c) Uneven span type greenhouse. d) Ridge and furrow type. e) Saw tooth type. f) Quonset greenhouse. g) Interlocking ridges and furrow type Quonset greenhouse. h) Ground to ground greenhouse.
Greenhouse Operations Management GOM6 Managing the Greenhouse Business Greenhouse Operations Management: The Greenhouse Business GOM6.2 Greenhouse Growing Schedule Make notes around the growing schedule to help you remember what each piece means and why it is important. Plant Name/ Description Container Location Planting Notes
Issue of orders 69 : Publication of misleading information 69 : Attending Committees, etc. 69 : Responsibility 69-71 : APPENDICES : Appendix I : 72-74 Appendix II : 75 Appendix III : 76 Appendix IV-A : 77-78 Appendix IV-B : 79 Appendix VI : 79-80 Appendix VII : 80 Appendix VIII-A : 80-81 Appendix VIII-B : 81-82 Appendix IX : 82-83 Appendix X .
The greenhouse covering is the primary decision when choosing a greenhouse design. The different types of greenhouse coverings, or glazings, can be used on the bowed, quonset-style greenhouse or the A-frame, peaked-roof greenhouse. When either style of greenhouse is connected at the eaves or gutters, the greenhouses are known as gutter-connected
Appendix G Children's Response Log 45 Appendix H Teacher's Journal 46 Appendix I Thought Tree 47 Appendix J Venn Diagram 48 Appendix K Mind Map 49. Appendix L WEB. 50. Appendix M Time Line. 51. Appendix N KWL. 52. Appendix 0 Life Cycle. 53. Appendix P Parent Social Studies Survey (Form B) 54
Greenhouse gas emissions from Washington State agencies represent about 1.0 percent of total state greenhouse gas emissions. However, state government is in a unique position to demonstrate leadership in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. This report provides information about greenhouse gas emissions by Washington .
Dutch greenhouse with glass panel for large-scale commercial production b. A multi-span Quonset tropical greenhouse structure with insect-proof mesh screens c. A modern Gable greenhouse with rooftop solar panels d. A plant factory with artificial light e. A commercial smart greenhouse with Internet-of-Things monitoring farming , , , . and . )
successfully in captivity, yet animal nutrition is a new and relatively unexplored field. Part of the problem is a lack of facilities in zoological institutions and a lack of expertise. There is, thus, a strong need to develop nutritional studies and departments in zoological institutions. Research on nutrition is carried out both as a problem-solving exercise (in relation to ill-health or .
