The Anglo-Saxons: 449–1066 Introduction To The Literary Period

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The Anglo-Saxons:449–1066Introduction to theLiterary Period

The Anglo-Saxons: 449–1066A.D. 1066A.D. 449NormanAnglo-SaxonInvasionInvasion55 B.C–A.D.409A.D.878Roman OccupationKing Alfredagainstthe Danes300s B.C.Celts in Britain300B.C.A.D.1A.D.300A.D.600A.D. 400–699Spread of ChristianityA.D.900A.D.1200

The Celts in BritainBefore and during the 4th century B.C. Britain home to severalCeltic tribes Britain named for oneCeltic tribe—the Brythons King Arthur – famousCeltic King (516?) Celtic religion a form ofanimism (belief thatGods/spirits controlled allaspects of life and couldtake the form of trees,rivers, fire, thunder, etc)Stonehenge

The Roman Occupation55 B.C.Hadrian’s WallJulius Caesar invades BritainA.D. 43Celts defeated by Claudius Romans build walls, villas,baths, roadsA.D. 409Romans evacuate their troops Britain left vulnerable to attack Central government breaks downRoman ruins

The Anglo-Saxon InvasionCeltsJutesAnglesSaxonsA.D. 449 The Anglo-Saxons push the Celtsinto the far west of the country.

The Anglo-Saxon InvasionAnglo-Saxon Society Warrior-based society, led by strong warrior chief “Warfare was the order of the day” (betweenclans, tribes, and outside invaders) Anglo-Saxon life was dominated by the need toprotect the clan and home from enemies. Fame and success were achieved through loyaltyto a leader, and success was measured by giftsreceived from leaders.

The Anglo-Saxon Invasion Women had manyrights in Anglo-Saxonsociety. Womeninherited and heldproperty (even whenmarried) and wereoffered substantial giftsof money and land fromprospective husbands. English emerged as awritten languageThe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

The Anglo-Saxon InvasionThe Anglo-Saxon religion offered no hope of an afterlife only fameoffered immortality and provided a defenseagainst death. valued concept of the “Heroic Ideal” earthlyvirtues of bravery, loyalty, generosity, andfriendship.Norse godAnglo-Saxon godDay of weekOdinWodenWednesdayThorThunorThursday

The Anglo-Saxon InvasionThe Anglo-Saxon bards called “scops” skilled storytellers and honoredmembers of society. sang of heroic deeds regarded as equals to warriorsWhy were the scops important? Anglo-Saxons did not believe inan afterlife warriors gained immortalitythrough songs preserved in thecollective memory.Anglo-Saxon harp

King Alfred the Great against the Danes8th–9th centuriesVikings, called Danes,invade Britain871 Alfred of Wessexbecomes king ofEngland.878 King Alfred unifiesthe Anglo-Saxonsagainst the Danes.King Sweyn and his Danish troopsEngland becomes aarrive in England, from anation.manuscript (c. 14 century)* Alfred was also know for reviving an interestin learning and the English language.th

The Spread of ChristianityAround A.D. 400 Christian monkssettle in Britain Christianity andAnglo-Saxonculture co-existBy A.D. 699 British paganreligions replaced byChristianity

The Norman Invasion1066 William of Normandy crosses the EnglishChannel William defeats Harold and Anglo-Saxon army French replacesEnglish as thelanguage of theruling classThe Norman Invasion,Bayeux Tapestry

Literature of the Period Leading Genres: Poetry and Riddleso Epics (narrative/story-like)o Elegiac mood (somber, sorrowful tone)o Strong rhythm and no rhymeo Lyrical (focuses more on emotion)

Terms Animism – Celtic belief that Gods/spirits controlled all aspects of lifeand could take the form of tress, rives, fire, thunder, etc. Fatalism – Anglo-Saxon belief that the course of one’s life was predetermined by fate. Bards – skilled storytellers and honored members of society. TheAnglo-Saxons called them “scops” and they were not regarded asinferior to warriors actually, the Anglo-Saxons viewed creatingpoetry as important as fighting, hunting, farming, and loving (becauseof religion). Vernacular – language of the people Old English. Alliteration – repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words(ex: the wind whips through the woods). Caesura – rhythmical pause separating a line of verse into halves. Kennings – descriptive compound words that evoke vivid images(“sea-stallions” and “whale-road”). Epic – a long, narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a largerthan life hero who embodies (is made up of and reflects) the values ofa particular society.

An IntroductIontoBeowulf

Beowulf 1st great work of English national literature Composed between 700-750, but depictsearlier time period early 6th century. An example of “heroic literature” and, as such,is composed of many traditional motifs andrecurring elements. Beowulf’s name means “Bear” ? The epic is a mythical and literary record ofthe formative stages of English civilization.

Beowulf Story handed down orally forgenerations, naturally with changes andembellishments. 3,200 lines long Poet unknown scholars think it wasoriginally told by someone of paganreligion but recorded by a monk due toChristian elements present in the story.

So, why iS Beowulf an importantwork of literature?1. It is an expression of Anglo-Saxon values andattitudes: Warfare was the order of the day Fatalism Courage, loyalty and honor The battle of Good versus Evil Boasting Storytelling (bards/scops held key toimmortality)

So, why iS Beowulf an importantwork of literature?2. It is an archetypal example of an epic: Long Narrative Adventures of a central hero withsupernatural powers Worldwide or cosmic setting Major battle scenes Discussion of hero’s weaponry Participation by God (or Gods) inaction

So, why iS Beowulf an importantwork of literature?3. It is an example of Old English poetry: 4-beat rhythm No rhyme Alliteration Kennings Caesuras

Journal Entry!– On the last page of your notes, pick one of thejournal topics and respond to it in the spaceprovided.– I will collect your notes after the test on Beowulf andthe Anglo Saxon time period, so make sure you donot lose the packet!

Anglo-Saxon harp skilled storytellers and honored members of society. sang of heroic deeds regarded as equals to warriors The Anglo-Saxon Invasion. 8th–9th centuries Vikings, called Danes, invade Britain King Alfred the Great against the Danes 878 King Alfred unifies the Anglo-Saxons

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