FLUID POWER FORMULAS

FLUID POWER FORMULASWEIGHTOF. ONEFCUBICflUID. - FOOT- OFFTHEORETICAlTOROUETOORIVE .lRev.) 1714 U/IITFlO'NRATEOUTPUT(GFM)x OFPRESSURE0 .320801xpSITElf231AOf48MADDITIONALA62.4283SUS4.635 !!k 100OUTPUTHORSEPOWER100.2253xSUS- SUSpv Approximately .2193VOLUMETRICxx RE 2!!.§.PRESSURE.!:.xXACTUALDIAMETER'RADIUS ESSUREElf",F psixAorF PAEIf,'CL xx OFEIf.EOtTACT.O",roAEIf.EO! xAREATTHEDr[»orASUS .78S[»VOLUMEFORCEPRESSUREPVAREASPECIACGRAVITYBULK MODULUSTHE FLUID (Gallons)CElITISTOKESOVERAllEFACIENCYSG WCEIITISTOKESCS .22530c.sVA 25O,ooolapprox.)O Por194.4GPM\/2%x psiPer 1000 psix 100 CIP) 1- FACTOR(e., X) 100Elfa,EIf .c., a VSGAREA WORD FORMULAFORMULA:BHOURS OF BEARING LIFEflEW PRESSURE (PSI) AFORMULA: Y.lETTER FORMULA IfiP RPMMPH BASIC·FORMULAS8'0 RATEDHAS.xRPM,x RATED PUMPLIFE HOURS x RATEDSPEED (RPM) x ( RATEDPRESSUREf-;:i(PSI) J \FORMULASJ3

FLUID POWER FORMULASACTUATOR FORMULAS. FORMULA-CONTINUEDWORD FORMULAFOR:CYLINDER VELOCITY or SPEEDLETTER FORMULA VELOCITYCYLINDER VOLUME CAPACITY VOLUMExx23112In FeetJSerondx60flOW RATEr X RADiUS'(Inches)231In Gallons of Fluid IIET AREA(GP!.1) yx STROKE (Inches)xSTROKE (Inches)RATEflOWR TE12xx60VELOCITY (FeevSec)flUIDMOTOR TOROUE TOROUExPRESSURE (psi)o 720vA231231NET AREA (Square InCl1es)orLength 01 Slroke0 3.117yAF.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. In.lRev.)2rIn Inch PoundsflUIDxI 231In Gallons Per MinuteAv231CYlINDER flOW.32080I rf'v221(Slrwe Inches) 2310 ory72MIIET AREA (Square Inches)MOTOR TOROUE/100 psi HORSEPOWERRPM FLOW RATE (GPM) TOROUE/loo psi -In Inch PoundsFLUID MOTOR SPEEDFLUID MOTOR POWERHORSEPOWER63025xPRESSURE (psi)RPMx 36.77nHPT, F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. Inches/RevotuDon).0628SPEEDIn RevoIulions/MinulexT 63025 HPnT --36.770P or T 36.770psinn -d-63025d .0628Tn2310231 flOW RATE (GPM)-F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. Inches/Revolution) TORQUE OUTPUT (Inch Pounds)63025In Horsepower OutputTHERMALxRPMFORMULASNOTE: ONE BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU) IS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REOUIREDTO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF ONE POUND OF WATER OIlE OEGREEF.AHRENHBT.ONE HORSEPOWER 2545 BTU/HR.RESERVOIR COOUNG CAPACITYHEAT (BTU/HR) 2xTEMPERATURE OJFFERENCEBffi'/EENRESERVOIRWAlLS AND AIR (oF)x AREA OF RESERVOIR(SO. Ft)BASEDON ADEQUATEHEAT IN HYDRAULIC OIL (approx.)DUE TO SYSTEMBTUIHR 2.0BTU/HR 0x210xATBTU/HR 0x500xATxxATAAIR CIRCULATIONINEFFICIENCY(SG I.89HEAT (BTU/HR) Fl(J.'I1WE(GPM)x210xTEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(oF) FLOW RATE (GPAt)x500xTEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(OF)-.92)HEAT IN FRESH WATER (approx.)tHEAT(BTU/HR)PRESSUREDROP FORMULASNOTE: SEE PAGES 79 THROUGH 84 FOR INFORMATIONACCUMULATOR·FORMULASNOTE: SEE PAGES 130 AND 131 FORADDITIONAL INFORMATIONFORMULAFOR:PRESSURE OR VOLUME .w/ConstantPRESSURE"rWhere UP" psia(ABSOLUTf}xpsig (GAUGE PRESSURE)lETTERWORD FORMULA:ORlGIIIAL PRESSURE ORIGINAL VOLUME . FIfIAL14.7 psiFORMULA:FINAL VOLUMEP, V, X ORIG. TEMPERATUREP, T, P, T, lsochoricORIGINAL TEMPERATUREV, T, xPRESSURE P, V,lsothermic(Temperature)OR TEMPERATURE. ORIGIIW: PRESSUREx FIIJAi. m,IPERATURE;; FlllAlPRESSUREw/ Constant "V" (Volume)VOLUMEOR TEMPERATUREORIGII/AL VOLUME X AI/AL TEI,IPERATURE FINAL VOLUMExV, T, Isobaricw/Constant "P" (Pressure)PRESSUREOR VOLUMEORIGINAL PRESSUREx ORIGIIIAL VOLUME" . FINAL PRESSURE x FINAL VOLUME"w/Tempetalure Change Due-To Heat of CompressionFINAL 79861.0234.0005929.0059429Liters . . . . .i;,;ORIG.FIlIAL VOLUME\VOLUMFjl'"",:,eINALORIS. Water at Max. Oensity39.2 F 4 C rams. 3

To 6065feetmeters.OF. nsMultiplybyGallonsKgs/sq 9.5)(tmeter(U.S.32)/1.8tDegreeDCCelsius(COx hcmmeterTo (U.S.gallonsPascal(Pa)

TABLE6-E. CONVERSIONBETWEEN ENGLISHUNITS AND SI UNITSThe "SI" (InternationalStandards) units shown below are adopted for use by the Internationalmunity, and should be used on documents prepared for international circulation.ConversionQuantitySI Unit for Fluid Power"Customary"Length .Pressure*Pressure**Flow***FlowtForceMass .Time .Volume*.**.TemperatureTorque.PowerShaft SpeedFrequency .DisplacementKinematic viscosityVelocity.millimeter (mm) .bar (bar, g or bar, a) .mm of mercury (mm Hg)liters per minute (I/min)cubic decimeters/see (dm3/sec)Newton (N)kilogram (Kg)second (see)liter (I) .degrees Celcius (oC)Newton-meters (Nm)kilowat (kw)revolutions per minute (rpm)Hertz (Hz) .millileters/revolution(ml/rev)centistokes (cSt) .meter per second (m/s)inch (in).Ibs/sq in (psig or psia) .inches of mercury (in Hg)U.S. gallons per minute (U.S. GPM) .cubic feet per minute (cfm)pound(f) or Ib(f) (force).pound(m) or Ib(m)(mass).second (see)gallon (U.S. gal) .degrees Fahrenheit (0 F)pounds(f)-inchesIbs(f)-inhorsepower (HP) .revolutions per minute (rpm)cycles per second (cps) .cubic inches per revolution (cipr).Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS)feet per second (fps) .NOTES:*Pressure above atmospheric1 HorsepowerGallon 1.2 U.S. Gallons7.48 Gallons 1728 Cubic Inches Approx.14.5 PSI (Approx.l Atmos.)33.8 Foot Water Column42 Foot Oil ColumnII29.92 Hg.VzPSI Decrease Each 1000 Ft. AltitudeAPPROXIMATE111111-32)1 Hz 1 cps·lml/rev 0.061 ciprcSt (4.635)(SUS)tt1 m/s 3.28 fpstGas33,000 Ft. Lbs. per Minute2545 BTU per Hour746 Watts, or 0.746 Kilowatts2.04161'Hg27.71 "WaterFoot Column of Oil1 Cubic Foot of Water Weighs 62.4 Pounds (OF1 Nm 8.88 Ib(f)-in1 kw 1.34 HPFoot Column of Water 1 Bar at Sea Level1 U.S. gal 3.791 C 5/9550 Ft. Lbs. per Second42.4 BTU per MinutelPSI 1 Liter 0.2642 U.S. Gallons1 Cubic Foot1 in 25.4 mm1 bar 14.5 psi1 in Hg 25.4 mm Hg1 U.S. GPM 3.79 I/min1 dm3 /sec 2.12 cfm1 Ib(f) - 4.44N1 Kg 2.20 Ib(m)***Liquid4 Quarts; or 8 Pints8.3356 Pounds3.785 Liters1 ImperialFactorMEASUREMENTS231 Cu bic Inches1 U.S. Ga lionU.S. Unit**Pressure below atmospherictt@38 C;Factor is 4.667 @ 99 CEQUIVALENTFluid Power Com-Pint 2 cups 16 fluid ounces 1 poundPint 96 teaspoons 32 tablespoons 16 fluid ouncesQuart 4 cups 2 pints 32 fluid ounces 2 poundsQuart 192 teaspoons 64 tablespoons 32 fl. oz.Gallon 16 cups 4 quarts 8 pintsGallon 768 teaspoons 256 tablespoons 128 oz.1 "Hg 0.433 PSI 0.390 PSI0.491 PSI1.132 Ft. Water1 Barrel Oil 42 Gallons1 Micro-meter25 Micro-meters1 Millionth of a Meter (Micron) 1 Thousandth of a Meter 0.00004 Inch 0.001 InchMEASUREMENTS1 Gallon 231 cubic inches 76,800 drops1 Cup 16 tablespoons 48 teaspoons1 Tablespoon 3 teaspoons2 Tablespoons 1 fluid ounce1 Fluid ounce (volume) 600 drops (hydraulic1 Cubic inch 330 dropsoil)

TABLE 6-F. EQUIVALENT VALUESTo convert units appearing in Column 1 into equivalent values of units in Column 2, multiply by factorExample: To convert 7 gallons into cubic inches, multiply 7 x 231 1617 cubic inches.To convert units appearing in Column 2 into equivalentvalues of units in Column 1, divide by factorExample: To convert 25 horsepowerinto BTU per minute, divide 25 by 0.02356 1061 BTU per minute.Column undsofWater.0.001341Watts.1.8 quid)In)("Hg)PSI(lbs.Sq.Temperature(oC)(oF)- .in)("Hg)InJ(Bars)*.Please read instructionsin Column3,in Column3.aboveTABLE 6-G. PSI GAUGE PRESSURE CONVERTED TO METRIC PRESSURE UNITSThis table is calculatedPSIBarson the basis of 1 bar 14.5 PSI, or, 1 PSI .069 bar 10 0103.42000137.92500172.43000206.95000344.8TABLE 6-H. GPM OIL FLOW CONVERTED TO METRIC UNITSThis tableGPM.5Liters/min 18.95is calculatedon the basis of 1 U.S. GPM 3.79 liters per min. 5132.7or, 1 liter per min. 0.263840151.650189.575284.3GPM.100379.0TABLE 6-1. SCFM AIR FLOW CONVERTED TO METRIC UNITSThis tableSCFM 5Dm3/sec 2.358is calculatedon the basis of 1 SCFM 0.4716104.716157.0742511.795023.58cubic decimeters7535.3710047.16per second,15070.7420094.32or 1 dm3/sec.250117.9 2.12 SCFM.300141.5350165.1

FLUID PRESSURE PRESSURE _ FORCE (fXJUnds) P F . F In P/JUnds/Square Inch U/IIT AREAAOf (SquarepSI Inches)A FLUID FlOW RATE VOLUME Y.(Gallons). - FLaN RATE 0 In Gal/ollS/Minule UNIT TIME T (Minute) FLUID POWER IN HORSEPOWER HORSEPOWER PRESSURE (PSI) x FLOW (GPM) HP 1714 1714 VELOCITY FLUID THROUGHFORMULASPIPING VELOCITY .3208 x flOW .