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Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantAssessment ofArticulation andPhonologicalProcessing Usingthe GFTA-3 andKLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D.MSHA, 2016Disclosures Gloria Maccow, Ph.D. is employed by PearsonClinical Assessment, publisher of the GFTA-3and KLPA-3. This presentation will focus on administration,scoring, and interpretation of the GFTA-3 andKLPA-3. No other articulation or phonologicalassessments will be discussed during thissession.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 2Learning Objectives Describe at least threefeatures new to theGFTA-3 and KLPA-3. Identify at least twochanges to the scoringprocedures for theGFTA-3. List at least two factors toconsider when evaluatingan examinee’s errorpatterns on the GFTA-3and KLPA-3.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 3Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.1

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training orders/SpeechSoundDisorders/Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 4How are Speech Sound DisordersDiagnosed?Use FormalArticulationTestListen to PersonSpeakConduct ing Articulation and Phonological Processing 5The new Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Third Edition (GFTA -3) and Khan-LewisPhonological Analysis–Third Edition (KLPA -3)offer comprehensive articulation and phonologyassessment designed to help you diagnosespeech sound disorders and plan effectiveintervention for your diverse client population.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 6Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.2

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training calAnalysis-3Goldman-FristoeTest ofArticulation-3Provides diagnosticinformation aboutindividual’s abilityto articulateconsonant soundsin single words andconnected speech.Provides acomprehensive analysisof speech sound patternsso you can determine ifuse of phonologicalprocesses is contributingto an individual’s speechsound disorder.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 7GFTA-3Features of GFTA-3Administered individually.Assesses speech sound abilities in the area ofarticulation.Used with children, adolescents, and young adults(ages 2:0 through 21:11.Administered by SLPs.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 9Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.3

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantTest MaterialsRecord FormManualStimulus BookAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 10Comparing GFTA-3 and GFTA-2See handoutAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 11GFTA-3What’s New?Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.4

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantGFTA-3 UpdatesMultiple opportunities to produce consonant andconsonant cluster sounds in different word positions.Standard scores for articulation at word level andconnected speech level.Compare intelligibility in connected speech with that ofsame-age peers.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 13What’s New?Assess consonants in multiple contexts.New error analyses for vowels and R productions.Dialect-sensitive scoring for a wide range ofAmerican English dialects.Two new sets of picture stimuli.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 14What’s New?Easy-to-elicit connected speech measure with anew sentence imitation task.Standard scores for speech sound productions inconnected speech.New stories.New intelligibility rating.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 15Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.5

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantDialect-Sensitive ScoringIf a response to a GFTA-3 item is a variation from SAEthat is appropriate for the individual’s speech andlanguage background, score it as correct.See Appendix E: Common Phonemic Contrasts betweenStandard American English andTable E.1African-American EnglishTable E.2Spanish-Influenced EnglishTable E.3Asian-Influenced EnglishAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 16KLPA-3Features of KLPA-3Companion tool for GFTA-3.Norm-referenced in-depth analysis of phonologicalprocess usage.Used with children, adolescents, and young adults(ages 2:0 through 21:11.SLP analyzes responses on GFTA-3 to obtain furtherdiagnostic information about speech sound abilities.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 18Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.6

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantWhen to Complete PhonologicalAnalysis of GFTA-3 ResultsNoYesYesSpeech is reasonably intelligible and containsfew misarticulated phonemes.Speech is reasonably intelligible and containsmany misarticulated phonemes.Examinee is very young or has moderately toseverely unintelligible speech.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 19Materials NeededAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 20Copyright 2015. NCS Pearson Inc. All rights reserved.Comparing KLPA-3 and KLPA-2See handoutAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 21Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.7

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantKLPA-3What’s New?New Features!More efficient and accurate scoring.Identify phonological processes for eachsound error.Calculate percent of occurrence for eachphonological process.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 23New to KLPA-3 “Core”(Developmentalprocesses) vs.“Supplemental”(Atypical) Processes Core PhonologicalProcess Analysis Percent ofOccurrence ofSupplementalProcesses PhonologicalProcesses per Word(PPW) Intelligibility rating Vowel analyses‒ Phonetic inventory‒ Vowel phonologicalprocess usageAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 24Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.8

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant12 Core ProcessesCore Processes: frequently occurring phonologicalprocesses that are developmental in tingCluster simplification Final devoicingGliding of LiquidsVelar frontingDeletion of finalconsonantStopping of fricativesand affricatesVoicingInitial devoicingSyllable reductionStridency deletionVocalizationNew normative data. Obtain standard scores and percentile ranks by age and gender.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 25Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 2612 Supplemental ProcessesData-driven determination of the phonologicalprocesses that are more clinical in nature (lessfrequently occurring; king tovelars or /h/Deletion of initialconsonantInitialdevoicingDeletion of medialconsonantMedialdevoicingFricationGliding (Other thanliquids)Medial voicingGlottal replacementLiquidizationStopping (Other thanFricatives/Affricates)Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 27Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.9

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantSupplemental Processes The 12 Supplemental Phonological Processes arerecorded, tallied and converted to a Percent ofOccurrence. Generally, Supplemental Phonological Processesoccur less frequently in typical development. Clinical signs that could be diagnostic or prognosticand may be red flags for further consideration. Contribute to the Processes per Word (PPW).Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 28Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 29DefinitionsAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 30Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.10

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantPhonological Processes PerWord (PPW)Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 31Other Phonological Processesand Sound Change Booklet Individuals may use phonological processes thatare not included in the Core or SupplementalProcesses. The KLPA-3 Sound Change Booklet, just likeKLPA-2, aids scoring by providing you withphonological processes for many possible soundchanges for each target consonant. Other Phonological Processes may be recordedon the KLPA-3 Analysis Form and maycontribute to the PPW.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 32Copyright 2015. NCS Pearson Inc. All rights reserved.Consonant AnalysisPhonetic Inventory for Consonants andConsonant Clusters.Core Phonological Process Analysis.Summary of Consonant AnalysisAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 33Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.11

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantVowel AnalysisEight Phonological Processes that impactvowel production.Vowel Phonetic Inventory.Vowel Usage Section.Summary of Vowel Analysis.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 34Vowel Analysis: DefinitionsCopyright 2015. NCS Pearson Inc. All rights reserved.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 35InterpretationCopyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.12

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantInterpretation and TreatmentPlanningGFTA-3 and KLPA-3 provide quantitative data and qualitative data.Both are used to develop treatment plans.Quantitative ScoresNorm-referenced scores that enable you to compare examinee’sperformance to others of same gender and age. Standard Score Percentile Rank Test-age equivalentAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 37Copyright 2015. NCS Pearson Inc. All rights reserved.Standard ScoresGuidelines for Describing the Severity of a Speech Sound DisorderTest ScoreClassificationRelationship to Mean115 and aboveAbove average 1 SD and above86 to 114AverageWithin or – 1 SD78 to 85Borderline/Marginal/At-RiskWithin -1 to -1.5 SD71 to 77Low/ModerateWithin -1.5 to -2 SD70 and belowVery Low/Severe-2 SD and belowAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 38Copyright 2015. NCS Pearson Inc. All rights reserved.Growth Scale ValuesGrowth scale values provide an objective score formeasuring changes in GFTA-3 performance over time.They can be used to: Track an individual’s skill development on specific tests(e.g., Sounds-in-Words and Sounds-in-Sentences). Determine if the individual has gained additional speechsound skills since a previous administration of the GFTA-3,and Measure the efficacy of an intervention protocol that hasbeen implemented for the individual.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 39Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.13

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantInterpret Growth Scale ValuesRelative to Standard ScoresGrowth Scale ValueProvides informationon gains made sincelast assessment.Standard ScoreComparesindividual’sperformance to thatof same-age peers.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 40Evaluating ErrorPatternsFactors to Consider When EvaluatingError Patterns on GFTA-3Review the age/gender data specific to the child Normative score Age of emergence of phonemes Age of masteryIs the child’s speech related to a dialectal variationor influence from learning a second language?Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 42Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.14

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantFactors to Consider When EvaluatingError Patterns on GFTA-3 Are errors in single words or sentences? Are the errors consistent? Is the child stimulable for phonemes producedin error? Are there facilitating contexts? Is the child’s speech intelligible? How doesintelligibility compare to that of peers?Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 43Factors to Consider When EvaluatingError Patterns on KLPA-3Review the age/gender data specific to the child(normative scores)If phonological processes are present, Are the processes developmental or atypical? Are they processes that should have beensuppressed? If atypical, are the processes common in a clinicalpopulation?Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 44Factors to Consider When EvaluatingError Patterns on KLPA-3 Are the errors consistent? Are there multiple error patterns or are theyconfined to one or two patterns? Are there some contexts where the phonologicalprocess is demonstrated? Is the child’s speech intelligible? How doesintelligibility compare to that of peers?Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 45Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.15

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantMale, B., Age 6:3 Referred by first grade teacher Difficult to understand in single word production and inconversational speech Also struggling with sound decoding in reading Mostly drawings and little or no text in daily writing journal Plays alone Kindergarten teacher reported no academic concerns Referred to Child Study Team for speech and literacyconcernsAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 46Referral Questions1. Does B. have a speech sound disorder in thearea of phonology?2. If a speech sound disorder in the area ofphonology is present, what is B.’s profile ofstrengths and weaknesses?3. What intervention recommendations can bederived from B.’s profile?Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 47GFTA-3 Sounds-in-Words Score Test AgeEquiv.GSV227773-8363:10-3:11555Some sound changes on early developing sounds (e.g., /k/, /g/, butmostly on later developing sounds (e.g., /r/, /l/, clusters).Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 48Copyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.16

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training ConsultantKLPA-3 Score 3Core Phonological Processes: Cluster Simplification Gliding of Liquids Velar Fronting Deletion of Final Consonant%ile Rank Test Age Equiv.63:6-3:7Supplemental PhonologicalProcesses: Initial Devoicing Deletion of MedialConsonantPhonetic Inventory for Consonants in Single Words Lack of consonants in word-final position Liquids changing to glides in consonant clustersin initial position Few liquids or velars producedAssessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 49Recommendations Speech Sound Disorder in area of phonology. Would benefit from intervention focused on thefollowing goals:‒ Suppression of deletion of final consonant‒ Expansion of consonant cluster usage‒ Suppression of velar fronting‒ Suppression of initial devoicing Refer for comprehensive psychoeducationalevaluation due to difficulties in reading andwriting.Assessing Articulation and Phonological Processing 50Questionsgloria.maccow@pearson.comCopyright 2015. Pearson, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.17

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3 Gloria Maccow, Ph.D., Assessment Training Consultant. Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Processing Using the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3

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