THE ORIGINS OF APARTHEID

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THE ORIGINSOF APARTHEIDUNDERSTANDING APARTHEID Apartheid – why study it?MEMORY AND THE APARTHEID MUSEUM “The struggle of memory against forgetting”EXPLAINING APARTHEID: DIFFERENT APPROACHES How did apartheid come about?1. The Afrikaner Nationalist Approach2. The Liberal Approach3. The Radical Approach4. The Social History ApproachTHE GLITTER OF GOLD:LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS OF APARTHEIDJOURNEYS TO THE GOLDFIELDS Where was this source of cheap labour to come from? Why migrant labour?– Abe Bailey – a self-made man– Mahudu Nkadimeng – a migrant worker– What do these journeys tell us?

What is history?)JTUPSZ JUTFMG JT B EZOBNJD TVCKFDU BOE JT DPOTUBOUMZ TVCKFDU UP DIBOHF #Z SFDPWFSJOH BOE JOWFTUJHBUJOH TPNF PG UIF IJEEFO TUPSJFT PG UIF QBTU XF DPOTUSVDU B OFX BOE CSPBEFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG IVNBO FYQFSJFODF *U JT UIFSFGPSF JNQPSUBOU UP SFDPHOJ[F UIBU IJTUPSZ JT OPU B ¾ YFE CPEZ PG JOGPSNBUJPO 3BUIFS JU JT B QSPDFTT PG DPOUJOVBMMZ ¾ OEJOH PVU BOE BTLJOH OFX RVFTUJPOT BCPVU UIF QBTU "T XF HBUIFS NPSF JOGPSNBUJPO GSPN OFX TPVSDFT PVS WJFX PG IJTUPSZ NBZ DIBOHF BOE XJUI JU PVS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF XPSME XF MJWF JO UNDERSTANDING APARTHEIDApartheid – why study it?-FBSOJOH BCPVU BQBSUIFJE JT B EJGGJDVMU BOE DIBMMFOHJOH QSPDFTT :PV XJMM EJTDPWFS NBOZ QBJOGVM USVUIT BCPVU PVS DPVOUSZ BOE EFWFMPQ BO VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF EBSLOFTT PG PVS QBTU )PXFWFS ZPV XJMM BMTP HBJO BO JOTJHIU JOUP UIF DPVSBHF EFUFSNJOBUJPO BOE DSFBUJWJUZ PG PSEJOBSZ QFPQMF XIP FWFOUVBMMZ EFGFBUFE BQBSUIFJE 5IJT CPPL FODPVSBHFT ZPV UP HP PO B KPVSOFZ PG VOEFSTUBOEJOH GSPN UIF UPSUVSFE IJTUPSZ PG 4PVUI "GSJDBµT QBTU UP UIF IPQF GPS UIF GVUVSF UIBU UIF EFNPDSBUJD FMFDUJPOT PG PGGFSFE 0O UIF XBZ ZPV XJMM FODPVOUFS NBOZ EJGGFSFOU QFSTQFDUJWFT PG UIF BQBSUIFJE QBTU XIJDI XJMM DIBMMFOHF ZPVS NJOET BOE UPVDI ZPVS IFBSUT 5IF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN JT B IFSJUBHF TJUF XIJDI XBT EFWFMPQFE UP DPNNFNPSBUF BOE FYQMBJO UIF BUSPDJUJFT PG UIF BQBSUIFJE QBTU 7JTJUPST UP UIF NVTFVN BSF BMTP FODPVSBHFE UP HP PO B QFSTPOBM KPVSOFZ PG EJTDPWFSZ UISPVHI FOHBHJOH XJUI UIF FYIJCJUT QIPUPHSBQIT BOE PSBM IJTUPSJFT PG QFPQMF XIP MJWFE UISPVHI UIFTF FYQFSJFODFT 5IJT CPPL GPMMPXT B QBUI TJNJMBS UP UIBU UBLFO CZ UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN BOE JU VTFT NBOZ PG UIF TBNF SFTPVSDFT UP IFMQ ZPV PO ZPVS KPVSOFZ UISPVHI PVS QBTU 4UVEZJOH IJTUPSZ JOWPMWFT VOEFSTUBOEJOH UIF CSPBEFS DPOUFYU PG UIF QFSJPE PS FWFOUT XF BSF MFBSOJOH BCPVU 5IJT IFMQT VT UP NBLF JOGPSNFE KVEHFNFOUT BCPVU UIF VTFGVMOFTT BOE SFMJBCJMJUZ PG UIF TPVSDF NBUFSJBM BWBJMBCMF UP VT BCPVU UIFTF FWFOUT MEMORY AND THEAPARTHEID MUSEUMGRADE 8 and 9 POUFOU 5IF DPOTFSWBUJPO BOE SFQSFTFOUBUJPO PG 4PVUI "GSJDBµT DVMUVSBM IFSJUBHFGRADE 11 POUFOU )PX IBT UIF 4PVUI "GSJDBO QBTU CFFO QVCMJDMZ SFQSFTFOUFE JO NVTFVNTGRADE 12 POUFOU /FX JEFOUJUJFT BOE UIF DPOTUSVDUJPO PG IFSJUBHF 5IF TFQBSBUF FOUSBODFT UP UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN ] IBQUFS 5IF PSJHJOT PG BQBSUIFJE

5IF TFQBSBUF FOUSBODFT UP UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN POF GPS XIJUFTµ POF GPS OPO XIJUFTµ BSF B IBVOUJOH SFNJOEFS PG PVS OPU TP EJTUBOU QBTU XIFO CMBDLT BOE XIJUFT XFSF SBDJBMMZ TFHSFHBUFE JO BMM BTQFDUT PG UIFJS MJWFT 5IJT TFQBSBUJPO PG UIF SBDFT XBT B EBJMZ SFBMJUZ BOE POF XIJDI CSPVHIU HSFBU IBSETIJQT GPS CMBDL 4PVUI "GSJDBOT "OE ZFU UPEBZ OPU UIBU NBOZ ZFBST BGUFS UIF EFBUI PG BQBSUIFJE UIFSF BSF NBOZ ZPVOH 4PVUI "GSJDBOT XIP EP OPU LOPX UIBU UIJT XBT IPX 4PVUI "GSJDBOT MJWFE 4BEMZ UIFSF BSF B HSPXJOH OVNCFS PG ZPVOH 4PVUI "GSJDBOT XIP EP OPU DBSF .JMBO ,VOEFSB B [FDI EJTTJEFOU BOE XSJUFS SFDPHOJ[FT UIF JNQPSUBODF PG SFNFNCFSJOH UIF QBTU ²5IF TUSVHHMF PG QFPQMF BHBJOTU QPXFS JT UIF TUSVHHMF PG NFNPSZ BHBJOTU GPSHFUUJOH ³ 8IBU ,VOEFSB NFBOT JT UIBU UIF QBTU JT BMXBZT JO EBOHFS PG CFJOH DPOUSPMMFE BOE NBOJQVMBUFE CZ UIPTF JO QPXFS *O UIF QBTU UIF IJTUPSJFT PG PSEJOBSZ 4PVUI "GSJDBOT XFSF EFMJCFSBUFMZ GPSHPUUFO 4PVUI "GSJDBO NVTFVNT IPVTFE FYIJCJUJPOT UIBU SFMBUFE NBJOMZ UP UIF SJDI BOE QPXFSGVM XIJMF UIF NFNPSJFT BOE FYQFSJFODFT PG PSEJOBSZ QFPQMF XFSF SFHBSEFE BT JSSFMFWBOU 5IF OFX BQQSPBDI UP UIF TUVEZ PG IJTUPSZ BMMPXT VT UP BQQSFDJBUF UIF MJWFT PG PSEJOBSZ QFPQMF BOE UP IPOPVS UIFJS DPOUSJCVUJPO UP PVS TPDJFUZ 5IF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN BJNT UP LFFQ NFNPSZ BMJWF CZ QSFTFOUJOH UIF TUPSZ PG BQBSUIFJE BOE IPX JU BGGFDUFE UIF MJWFT PG NJMMJPOT PG PSEJOBSZ 4PVUI "GSJDBOT ²5IF PWFSSJEJOH NFTTBHF JT UP TIPX MPDBM BOE JOUFSOBUJPOBM WJTJUPST UIF QFSJMPVT SFTVMUT PG SBDJBM QSFKVEJDF BOE IPX UIJT JO UIF DBTF PG 4PVUI "GSJDB DBVTFE FOPSNPVT TVGGFSJOH BOE OFBSMZ EFTUSPZFE UIF DPVOUSZ ³ TBZT PIO ,BOJ IBJSNBO PG UIF #PBSE PG UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN New words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µT QBTU JT QBTU 8F OFFE UP NPWF GPSXBSE 5IF TPPOFS UIF VHMZ NFNPSJFT PG BQBSUIFJE GBEF UIF CFUUFS #Z SFNFNCFSJOH XIBU IBQQFOFE IFSF JO 4PVUI "GSJDB XF DBO USZ UP NBLF TVSF UIBU UIJT LJOE PG UIJOH OFWFS IBQQFOT BHBJO 5IF GBDU UIBU XF DBSSZ BOZ LOPXMFEHF PG UIF QBTU JT OPU B NBUUFS PG QFPQMF DPOTUBOUMZ SFNFNCFSJOH QFPQMF SFNFNCFS CFDBVTF UFBDIFST BOE XSJUFST DPOTUBOUMZ TFFL UP SFNJOE UIFN 1SPGFTTPS ,BEFS "TNBM .1 'PSNFS .JOJTUFS PG &EVDBUJPO8F OFFE UP TUVEZ BQBSUIFJE JO PSEFS UP VOEFSTUBOE UIF QSPCMFNT XF GBDF BT B TPDJFUZ UPEBZ .FNPSZ BOE UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN ]

Activity 1:(3"%& -0 "4 (3"%& -0 "4 (3"%& BOE -0 "4 Remembering the past8IFSF EP ZPV TUBOE PO UIJT JTTVF )BWF B DMBTT EFCBUF JO XIJDI ZPV MPPL BU UIF SPMF PG NFNPSZ UIF QBTU BOE UIF QMBDF PG IJTUPSZ JO PVS MJWFT %JTDVTT UIJT JTTVF XJUI ZPVS QBSFOUT 8IBU EP UIFZ UIJOL BCPVU UIF QBTU BOE UIF TUVEZ PG IJTUPSZ %P UIFZ IBWF TJNJMBS PS EJGGFSFOU GFFMJOHT UP ZPV New words“The struggle of memory against forgetting”SFDPOTUSVDUJOH DSFBUJOH B EFTDSJQUJPO PG TPNFUIJOH UIBU IBQQFOFE VTJOH UIF GBDUT UIBU BSF LOPXO.FNPSZ JT BCPVU SFNFNCFSJOH BOE GPSHFUUJOH JU JT BCPVU JODMVEJOH BOE FYDMVEJOH FWFOUT JO UIF QBTU JU JT BCPVU SFDPOTUSVDUJOH B OFX NFBOJOH PG XIBU IBQQFOFE JU JT UIF LFZ XIJDI VOMPDLT UIF IJEEFO WPJDFT BOE FYQFSJFODFT PG UIF QBTU *U JT GPS UIJT SFBTPO UIBU NFNPSZ JT BO JNQPSUBOU UIFNF PG UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN 5IF .VTFVN BUUFNQUT UP KPMU PVS DPMMFDUJWF NFNPSZ BOE UP SFDPOTUSVDU BTQFDUT PG PVS SFDFOU QBTU JO B SFMJBCMF XBZ "T ZPV FOUFS UIF .VTFVN ZPV BSF DPOGSPOUFE XJUI UIF GJHVSFT PG PSEJOBSZ 4PVUI "GSJDBOT GSPN B XJEF SBOHF PG EJGGFSFOU XBMLT PG MJGF *O UIF .VTFVN UIF GSBHJMF NFNPSJFT PG UIFTF JOEJWJEVBMT BOE UIFJS GBNJMJFT BSF DPOUBJOFE JO NFNPSZ CPYFT 5IFTF BSF QFSTPOBM JUFNT DIPTFO CZ UIF GBNJMJFT XIJDI SFQSFTFOU WBMVBCMF FYQFSJFODFT JO UIFJS QBTU 5IFZ TIPX VT XIFSF UIFZ IBWF DPNF GSPN BOE XIBU XBT JNQPSUBOU UP UIFN JO UIFJS QBTU DPMMFDUJWF NFNPSZ NFNPSJFT PG XIBU IBQQFO FE UP B DPNNVOJUZ XIJDI BSF TIBSFE CZ BMM JUT NFNCFST FWFO JG TPNF PG UIFN XFSF OPU QSFTFOU XIFO UIF FWFOUT UPPL QMBDF PIO /LBEJNFOH TPO PG .BIVEV /LBEJNFOH XIP DBNF UP XPSL PO UIF HPME NJOFT BT B NJHSBOU MBCPVSFS JO UIF FBSMZ T BT QJDUVSFE PO UIF SBNQ PG UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN 1SPTQFSP #BJMFZ HSBOETPO PG "CF #BJMFZ B NJOF PXOFS JO FBSMZ PIBOOFTCVSH BT QJDUVSFE PO UIF SBNQ PG UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN #FMPX BSF UIF DPOUFOUT PG UIF NFNPSZ CPYFT CFMPOHJOH UP UIF /LBEJNFOH BOE #BJMFZ GBNJMJFT 8F IBWF DIPTFO UP GPDVT PO UIF NFNPSZ CPYFT PG UIFTF UXP GBNJMJFT CFDBVTF MBUFS JO UIF CPPL XF FYBNJOF UIF DPOUSJCVUJPO PG PIO /LBEJNFOHµT GBUIFS BOE 1SPTQFSP #BJMFZµT HSBOEGBUIFS UP UIF FBSMZ IJTUPSZ PG PIBOOFTCVSH 1SPTQFSP #BJMFZµT GBUIFS JN #BJMFZ GPVOEFE %SVN NBHB[JOF XIJDI EPDVNFOUFE CMBDL DVMUVSF BOE QPMJUJDT JO UIF DJUJFT JO UIF T BOE T 5IJT NBHB[JOF JT BO JUFN JO UIF NFNPSZ CPY PG UIF #BJMFZ GBNJMZ 5IFTF DMBZ QPUT BOE UIJT DBMBCBTI GPS ESJOLJOH NJML SFNJOE PIO /LBEJNFOH PG IJT DIJMEIPPE JO 4FLIVLIVOFMBOE PIO XBT TUJMM WFSZ ZPVOH XIFO IJT GBUIFS .BIVEV /LBEJNFOH EJFE ] IBQUFS 5IF PSJHJOT PG BQBSUIFJE

Activity 2:Remembering your own history SFBUF ZPVS PXO NFNPSZ CPY IPPTF UXP PS UISFF JUFNT UIBU BSF QBSUJDVMBSMZ NFBOJOHGVM UP ZPV BOE ZPVS GBNJMZ PS UIBU SFQSFTFOU BTQFDUT PG ZPVS PXO IJTUPSZ 8SJUF B CSJFG FYQMBOBUJPO PG XIZ ZPV DIPTF FBDI JUFN 1SFTFOU ZPVS NFNPSZ CPY UP UIF DMBTT *T UIF DMBTT BCMF UP HBJO B TFOTF PG XIP ZPV BSF BOE XIBU XBT NFBOJOHGVM JO ZPVS QBTU UISPVHI ZPVS NFNPSZ CPY 5IJT TIPVME GPSN UIF CBTJT PG B DMBTT EJTDVTTJPO (3"%& -0 "4 (3"%& -0 "4 (3"%& -0 "4 (3"%& -0 "4 /PUF :PV BSF EFBMJOH XJUI TPVSDFT PG JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU ZPVS PXO IJTUPSZ 5SFBU UIFTF JUFNT XJUI DBSF GRADE 11 POUFOU )JTUPSJPHSBQIZ BOE UIF PSJHJOT PG BQBSUIFJEEXPLAINING APARTHEID:DIFFERENT APPROACHESHow did apartheid come about?Race and apartheid5IF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN FODPVSBHFT WJTJUPST UP BTL UIF RVFTUJPO IPX EJE BQBSUIFJE DPNF BCPVU 5IF BOTXFS UP UIJT RVFTUJPO JT OPU TJNQMF BOE IBT CFFO UIF TVCKFDU PG IFBUFE EFCBUF BNPOHTU IJTUPSJBOT 5IF XPSE BQBSUIFJE NFBOT TFQBSBUJPO 5IF GBDU UIBU UIF HPWFSONFOU PG UIF EBZ GPVOE JU OFDFTTBSZ UP TFQBSBUF QFPQMF TVHHFTUT UIBU UIFSF XBT B OBUVSBM NJYJOH PG QFPQMF BU UIF UJNF 5IF EFDJTJPO UP TFQBSBUF HSPVQT PG QFPQMF PO UIF CBTJT PG SBDF XBT EFMJCFSBUF JU XBT OPU TPNFUIJOH UIBU PDDVSSFE OBUVSBMMZ 5ISPVHI UIF DPVSTF PG UIJT CPPL XF XJMM FYQMPSF XIZ UIF BQBSUIFJE HPWFSONFOU XBT EFUFSNJOFE UP LFFQ EJGGFSFOU SBDFT TFQBSBUF "MUIPVHI JU JT JNQPTTJCMF GPS VT UP UBML BCPVU BQBSUIFJE XJUIPVU SFGFSSJOH UP UIF JTTVF PG SBDF JU JT JNQPSUBOU UP OPUF UIBU SBDF JT OPU B TDJFOUJ¾ DBMMZ WFSJ¾ BCMF XBZ PG EF¾ OJOH QFPQMF 3BDF JT TPNFUIJOH UIBU JT TPDJBMMZ DPOTUSVDUFE JO PSEFS UP KVTUJGZ UIF TVQFSJPSJUZ PG POF TPDJBM HSPVQ PWFS BOPUIFS 5IFSF BSF GPVS CSPBE JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT PS UIFPSJFT UIBU USZ UP FYQMBJO BQBSUIFJE 1. The Afrikaner Nationalist Approach"GSJLBOFS /BUJPOBMJTUT CFMJFWFE JO UIF TVQFSJPSJUZ PG UIF "GSJLBOFS OBUJPO 5IFZ CFMJFWFE UIBU UIFJS JEFOUJUZ XBT (PE HJWFOµ 5IFZ GFBSFE UIBU UIF "GSJLBOFSµT WFSZ FYJTUFODF XBT UISFBUFOFE CZ UIF NBTT PG "GSJDBOT UIBU DPOGSPOUFE UIFN JO 4PVUI "GSJDB UIBU UIF "GSJLBOFS OBUJPO XPVME CF TXBNQFE BOE PWFSDPNF JG UIFSF XBT DPOUJOVFE NJYJOH PG UIF SBDFT "GSJLBOFS /BUJPOBMJTU IJTUPSJBOT FYQMBJO BQBSUIFJE JO BT UIF DPOTPMJEBUJPO PG UIFTF CFMJFGT UISPVHI B SBOHF PG MBXT UIBU XFSF QBTTFE UP QSFWFOU UIF NJYJOH PG UIF SBDFT BOE UP QSFTFSWF UIJT (PE HJWFOµ "GSJLBOFS JEFOUJUZ %S )FOESJL 7FSXPFSE XBT UIF QSJNF NJOJTUFS PG 4PVUI "GSJDB GSPN UP BOE JT PGUFO HJWFO UIF UJUMF PG UIF "SDIJUFDU PG "QBSUIFJEµ &YQMBJOJOH BQBSUIFJE %JGGFSFOU BQQSPBDIFT ]

2. The Liberal Approach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¾ UFE GSPN TFHSFHBUJPO BOE BQBSUIFJE QPMJDJFT XIJDI QSPWJEFE UIFN XJUI B TPVSDF PG DIFBQ MBCPVS BOE HSFBUFS QSP¾ UT 5IJT DBSUPPO TVHHFTUT UIBU #JH #VTJOFTT XBT IZQPDSJUJDBM *U QPSUSBZT #JH #VTJOFTT BT B 1JOPDDIJP MJLF ¾ HVSF XIPTF OPTF HSPXT MPOHFS XJUI FWFSZ MJF IF UFMMT 3. The Radical Approach .JHSBOU XPSLFST QSPWJEFE UIF DIFBQ VOTLJMMFE MBCPVS SFRVJSFE CZ UIF HPME NJOFT PO UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE ] IBQUFS 5IF PSJHJOT PG BQBSUIFJE

3BEJDBM IJTUPSJBOT UFOE UP GPDVT PO UIF FDPOPNJD BOE TPDJBM EFWFMPQNFOU PG 4PVUI "GSJDB 5IFZ FYBNJOF DMBTT EJGGFSFODFT BOE UIF TUSVHHMFT UIBU UPPL QMBDF CFUXFFO UIF EJGGFSFOU DMBTTFT UP FYQMBJO XIZ 4PVUI "GSJDBO TPDJFUZ FNFSHFE BT JU EJE 5IFZ WJFX BQBSUIFJE BT B DPOUJOVBUJPO PG UIF TFHSFHBUJPOJTU QPMJDJFT UIBU XFSF EFWFMPQFE BT B SFTVMU PG UIF MBCPVS OFFET PG UIF HPME NJOFT 5IFTF QPMJDJFT XFSF FTUBCMJTIFE JO PSEFS UP DSFBUF B MBSHF TVQQMZ PG DIFBQ MBCPVS XIJDI XBT OFFEFE GPS UIF QSPGJUBCMF FYUSBDUJPO PG HPME UISPVHI EFFQ MFWFM NJOJOH 5P TVTUBJO UIJT TZTUFN PG FYQMPJUBUJPO SBEJDBMT BSHVF UIBU UIF BVUIPSJUJFT DPVME OPU BMMPX CMBDL XPSLFST UP CFDPNF TLJMMFE PS UP CF QFSNBOFOU SFTJEFOUT JO UIF DJUZ /PS DPVME UIFZ CF HSBOUFE DJUJ[FOTIJQ PS BOZ PUIFS SJHIUT UIBU XPVME FOBCMF UIFN UP DIBMMFOHF UIF TZTUFN 4. The Social History Approach4PDJBM IJTUPSJBOT TUVEZ UIF MJWFT PG PSEJOBSZ QFPQMF BOE UIF JNQBDU PG UIFJS BDUJPOT BOE UIPVHIUT PO UIF DPVSTF PG IJTUPSZ SBUIFS UIBO UIF MJWFT PG UIF SJDI BOE UIF QPXFSGVM 5IJT JT PGUFO SFGFSSFE UP BT IJTUPSZ GSPN CFMPXµ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ew wordsGVOEBNFOUBM GSFFEPNT UIF SJHIU UP WPUF UIF SJHIU UP B GBJS USJBM GSFFEPN PG TQFFDI SFMJHJPO BOE UIF QSFTTTVQSFNBDZ B CFMJFG UIBU POF HSPVQ JT TVQFSJPS UP BMM PUIFST UIF IJHIFTU JO BVUIPSJUZEJTDSJNJOBUJPO USFBUJOH POF QFSTPO PS HSPVQ XPSTF UIBO PUIFST JO UIJT DBTF CFDBVTF PG UIFJS SBDFDMBTT EJGGFSFODFT BDDPSEJOH UP SBEJDBM UIJOLFST TPDJFUZ JT EJWJEFE JOUP EJGGFSFOU DMBTTFT 5IF SVMJOH DMBTT PXOT CVTJOFTT BOE JOEVTUSZ BOE JT UIFSF GPSF WFSZ QPXFSGVM 5IF XPSLJOH DMBTT XPSLT GPS UIF SVMJOH DMBTT BOE IBT MJUUMF QPXFS 5IJT JNCBMBODF PG QPXFS PGUFO MFBET UP DPO¿ JDU CFUXFFO UIFTF UXP DMBTTFT TFHSFHBUJPOJTU QPMJDJFT QPMJDJFT UIBU QSPNPUFE UIF TFQBSBUJPO PG QFPQMF BOE USFBUFE UIFN EJGGFSFOUMZ BDDPSEJOH UP UIFJS SBDFFYQMPJUBUJPO UIF QSPDFTT XIFSFCZ XPSLFST FBSO XBHFT UIBU BSF MFTT UIBO UIF WBMVF PG UIFJS MBCPVS BOE HPPET UIFZ QSPEVDF "O PSEJOBSZ GBNJMZ BGGFDUFE CZ UIF %FQSFTTJPO JO UIF T Activity 3:Understanding different schools of thought (*) *EFOUJGZ UIF EJGGFSFODFT CFUXFFO UIFTF GPVS BQQSPBDIFT UP VOEFSTUBOEJOH BQBSUIFJE "T ZPV XPSL UISPVHI UIJT CPPL TFF JG ZPV DBO JEFOUJGZ XIJDI JOUFSQSFUBUJPO T PG BQBSUIFJE BSF CFJOH QSFTFOUFE CZ UIF QFPQMF XIP QSPEVDFE JU (3"%& -0 "4 &YQMBJOJOH BQBSUIFJE %JGGFSFOU BQQSPBDIFT ]

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Activity 7:(3"%& -0 "4 The self-made man or woman (*) .BOZ ZPVOH 4PVUI "GSJDBOT UPEBZ BENJSF UIF OPUJPO PG UIF TFMG NBEFµ NBO PS XPNBO &OUSFQSFOFVSTIJQ JT TFFO BT QPTJUJWF BOE JT PGUFO FODPVSBHFE ZFU TPNF PG UIF JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF 3BOEMPSET JNQMJFT UIBU UIF TFMG NBEF QFSTPO VTVBMMZ TVDDFFET BU UIF FYQFOTF PG UIF FOWJSPONFOU PS PUIFS QFPQMF %P ZPV UIJOL UIJT JT USVF (JWF BO FYBNQMF PG B TFMG NBEF NBO PS XPNBO XIPTF TVDDFTT XBT BDIJFWFE BU UIF FYQFOTF PG PUIFST (JWF BO FYBNQMF PG B TFMG NBEF NBO PS XPNBO XIPTF TVDDFTT XBT BDIJFWFE BU UIF FYQFOTF PG UIF FOWJSPONFOU (JWF BO FYBNQMF PG B TFMG NBEF NBO PS XPNBO XIPTF TVDDFTT XBT BDIJFWFE BU OP DPTU UP UIF FOWJSPONFOU BOE PUIFS QFPQMF )BWJOH DPOTJEFSFE UIFTF PQUJPOT JT UIF TFMG NBEF NBO PS XPNBO B HPPE UIJOH PS OPU %FCBUF UIJT JTTVF JO DMBTT Mahudu Nkadimeng – a migrant worker4FMG NBEF NFO PGUFO NBEF UIFJS XFBMUI UISPVHI FYQMPJUJOH UIF MBCPVS PG PSEJOBSZ QFPQMF 5IJT XBT DFSUBJOMZ UIF DBTF JO UIF NJOFT 5IF 3BOEMPSET DPVME OPU IBWF 5IFSF JT OP QIPUPHSBQI JO FYJTUFODF CFDPNF TP XFBMUIZ JG UIFZ IBE OPU CFFO BCMF PG .BIVEV /LBEJNFOH 5IFSF BSF UP FYQMPJU UIF MBCPVS PG PSEJOBSZ NJHSBOU NBOZ QJDUVSFT PG "CF #BJMFZ UP XPSLFST .BIVEV /LBEJNFOH XBT POF TVDI DIPPTF GSPN 8IBU EPFT UIJT UFMM VT PSEJOBSZ NJHSBOU XPSLFS BCPVU UIF XBZ IJTUPSZ JT SFDPSEFE*O UIF FBSMZ T .BIVEV /LBEJNFOH MFGU 4FLIVLIVOFMBOE UPEBZ B EJTUSJDU PG -JNQPQP 1SPWJODF BOE DBNF UP XPSL PO UIF HPME NJOFT BT B NJHSBOU MBCPVSFS "T B NJHSBOU XPSLFS IF SBSFMZ TBX IJT GBNJMZ BOE IJT TPO PIO HSFX VQ OPU LOPXJOH IJT GBUIFS .FO DBNF UP XPSL PO UIF NJOFT BT NJHSBOUT GPS B XIPMF WBSJFUZ PG SFBTPOT 5IJT FYUSBDU GSPN BO JOUFSWJFX DPOEVDUFE CZ TPDJBM IJTUPSJBO %BWJE PQMBO QSPWJEFT POF FYQMBOBUJPO PG XIZ NFO DBNF UP PIBOOFTCVSH ²* XBOUFE UP QVU PO NZ USPVTFST * XBT BTIBNFE PG NZ MPJODMPUI NPTUMZ CFDBVTF BMM UIF CPZT PG NZ BHF XFSF BMSFBEZ SFHVMBS NJOFST UIBU DBNF CBDL JO UIFJS USPVTFST TNPLJOH DJHBSFUUFT BOE TQFBLJOH TUSBOHF MBOHVBHFT SFMBUJOH FYDJUJOH TUPSJFT BCPVU UIFJS BEWFOUVSFT ³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

PIO /LBEJNFOH UIF TPO PG .BIVEV /LBEJNFOH BT QJDUVSFE PO UIF SBNQ PG UIF "QBSUIFJE .VTFVN What do these journeys tell us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ummative Assessment-PPL BU BMM UIF TPVSDFT UIBU IBWF CFFO VTFE JO UIJT DIBQUFS 5IFO UFTU ZPVS BCJMJUZ UP VOEFSTUBOE BOE XPSL XJUI UIFTF TPVSDFT CZ DPNQMFUJOH UIF UBCMF UIBU GPMMPXT 5IF RVFTUJPOT MJTU

apartheid – why study it?-fbsojoh bcpvu bqbsuifje jt b ejggjdvmu boe dibmmfohjoh qspdftt :pv xjmm ejtdpwfs nboz qbjogvm usvuit bcpvu pvs dpvousz boe efwfmpq bo voefstuboejoh pg uif ebsloftt pg pvs qbtu )pxfwfs zpv xjmm bmtp hbjo bo jotjhiu joup uif dpvsbhf efufsnjobujpo boe dsfbuj

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