Reading And CASAS - COABE

GUI D E D PRA CT I C E1. Gerard has 6 folders with the same number ofdocuments in each. He removes 2 documents fromeach folder. Which expressions could be used to findthe total number of documents now in the folders?Select all that apply. A. 6d – 2D. 6(d 2)B. 6(d – 2)E. 6d – 12C. 6d 2F. 6d 12THINKHow can I translate the given information into anexpression?Solution:Use d to represent the number of documents in eachfolder. Subtract 2 from d because 2 documents are beingremoved from each folder: d – 2There are 6 of these folders, so multiply by 6: 6(d – 2)Distribute 6 to each term within the parentheses to get6d – 12.2. Raschel runs a pizza parlor and bought 24 cansof tomatoes for making pizza sauce. The totalcost of the canned tomatoes was 90. Whichequation can be used to find the cost, in dollars,of each can, c?A. c 90 24B. 90 – c 24C. 24c 90D. 90c 24 THINKWhat amount is the total value?Solution:The cost is the total, so put that on one side of theequation. 90Cost units price, so multiply the number of cans, 24, bythe cost of each can, c, and put that on the other side ofthe equation.(C) 24c 90(B) 6(d – 2), (E) 6d – 12INDEPEND E N T P R A CT I C E3. The price for peanut butter is shown. Whichexpression represents the price per ounce ofBrand A Peanut Butter, which weighs w ounces?5. A typical mortgage requires a monthly payment,m, for 30 years. If the final cost of a mortgage is 325,000, which equation could be used to findthe monthly payments?A. 325,000 m 30B. 325,000 m 360Brand APeanutButterw ozC. 325,000 30mD. 325,000 360mA. 3.75wC. w 3.75B. 3.75 wD. 3.75 w4. At an event, a family pays 29.99 for a meal and 2.99 for each drink. Which expression representsthe cost of the meal with d drinks?18A. 29.99 2.99dC. 29.99 – 2.99dB. 29.99d 2.99D. 29.99d – 2.99 New Readers Press. All rights reserved.w ounces for 3.75

C A SA S PR ACT I C E6. Shannon is making two recipes. One calls for2 eggs. The other recipe uses eggs, but she's notsure how many. She writes this down as x eggs.She wants to make 3 batches of both recipes.Which expression represents the amount of eggsthat she will need?A. 2x 310. Rosario is giving a patient medication that comesin tablets. Which expression represents the totalamount of medication in n tablets if each tablet is125 milligrams?A. 125 nB. 125 nC. 125 nB. 3x 2D. 125 nC. 2(x 3)D. 3(x 2)37. Marlon hiked for 1 4 hours at an average rate of14 2 miles per hour. Which equation correctlyrelates the amount of time Marlon spent hiking,his rate, and d, the distance he hiked?3113A. 1 4 d 4 2B. 4 2 d 1 43131C. d 1 4 4 2D. d 1 4 4 28. Audrey’s monthly mortgage payment, M, is0.325% of the purchase price, P. Which equationcorrectly shows this relationship?A. M 0.00325 PB. P 0.00325 MC. M 0.325 P11. Rae is in charge of staffing a project. Her totalbudget is B dollars, and every contractor will earnd dollars. Which expression represents how manypeople she can hire?A. B dB. B dC. B dD. B d12. The sum of the measures of the angles of atriangle is 180 . If one angle of the triangle is80 degrees and the other two angles are equal,which equation represents the measure of theunknown angles, x?A. 100 x 2B. 100 2xC. 260 x 2D. 260 2xD. P 0.325 M9. The temperature outside was –2 F when Cassarawent to bed. It dropped d degrees overnight to itslowest point. Which expression represents thelow temperature?A. –2 dB. d 2 New Readers Press. All rights reserved.C. –2 dD. –2 dTEST TIP: Expressions always contain a variable.Equations always contain an equal sign.Pages from Scoreboost for CASAS - Level C: Math Book 2, Strategy 519

STRATEGY 5Understand Relationships in TextEverything you read contains clues to help you understand the content. When you understand what you are reading—whether it’s a news article, a work memo, or a recipe—you can apply that information to your everyday life.One type of clue uses words that help you put different pieces of information in the correct order, or sequence. Thesewords are called signal or transition words.A sequence can be in chronological order, meaning the order in which the events happened. It can also be a cycle thatrepeats or the steps of a process.SequenceSignal or transition words in a sequencefirst, second, third, etc.at the beginning, at the enda particular order of events or actionsbefore, during, aftersoon, then, next, following thatwhile, simultaneously, at the same timelater, last, finallyEx a m p l eThe following paragraph from a news article describes a sequence. The underlined words signal the sequence:Identity theft occurs when someone commits a fraud such as using your name and personal information toopen a new financial account. If you’re a victim of identity theft, you should first notify companies that youridentity has been stolen. Next, you should place a fraud alert on your credit reports. Finally, you should scanbank and credit card statements for unauthorized charges.The signal words f irst, next, and f inally provide the steps in a process for handling identity theft:Step 1: Notify companies that your identity has been stolen.Step 2: Place a fraud alert on your credit reports.Step 3: Scan bank and credit card statements for unauthorized charges.steps in a process. If you are having trouble understanding a sequence, try making notes and numbering thesteps. If there are too many steps, choose only the most important ones.22 PagesUnit 2: MakeMeaningfrom ContextfromScoreboost for CASAS - Level C: Reading Book 1, Strategy 5 New Readers Press. All rights reserved.REAL WORLD CONNECTION: You may need to break down a set of instructions in order to figure out the

A second clue that will help you understand a text is the structure, or how the information is organized. The structurecould simply be a description of a topic, or a text may compare and contrast two ideas. A piece of writing might alsoshow the cause and effect of an event, or describe a problem and offer a solution.An author uses different types of text sections to build the structure of the text. The details in these sectionsall support the author’s main idea. In these sections, an author often provides an introduction, examples, anda conclusion to help explain the key points of the text. Authors also use text features such as chapter headings,subheadings, bulleted lists, charts, and diagrams to organize information.Within these sections, authors use different strategies to show how ideas are related to each other.Type of relationshipMeaningExamplespatialwhere objects or people are located in relationto each otherHe sat across from her.temporaltime or logic relationshipsShe called before she visited.contrastdifference between ideasHe would like to go the movies; however, he hasto work today.additionextra informationShe likes to read and watch TV.By understanding all of the relationships in a text, you can create a summary of the main idea. A summary is a shorterversion of the key points in a text. It’s brief because it includes only the details you need to make the key points clear.E xa m p l eThe following work email uses a problem and solution structure:Dear Mr. Robinson,I have looked into the printer issue you described. I confirmed that you can’t print to the accountingdepartment printer. I also determined that the printer is working for other employees. To fix this issue,a technician will log in remotely to your computer to reinstall the printer driver.Best regards,Luisa Diaz,IT Support SpecialistThe first two sentences describe the problem—Mr. Robinson can’t print to the accounting department printer.The last sentence gives the solution—a technician will reinstall the printer driver on Mr. Robinson’s computer. New Readers Press. All rights reserved.TEST TIP: Sometimes the text introduction will provide clues about the structure. In other cases, you mayneed to read further to figure out the structure. A text may also have more than one type of structure. To helpyou create a summary, underline text sections or make notes on what you think are the author’s main points.Unit 2: MakeMeaning from 5Context 23Pages from Scoreboost for CASAS - Level C: Reading Book1, Strategy

GUI DE D PRA CT I C E1. Read the following text about voting in U.S.elections:You can vote in U.S. federal, state, or local electionsif you: Are a U.S. citizen Meet your state’s residency requirements Are 18 years old on or before Election Day Are registered to vote by your state’s voterregistration deadline THINKWhat are the key points of this paragraph?Answer: Sentence B is correct because it expressesthe author’s message that people must meet all fourrequirements in order to vote in U.S. elections. SentencesA, C, and D only refer to meeting one or two of therequirements.2. Read the following sentence and answer thequestion.“You should drink this nutritional supplement beforebreakfast,” the doctor said.Which of these sentences provides the bestsummary of this information?This sentence is an example of what type ofrelationship?A. You must be a U.S. citizen to vote in U.S.elections.B. You must meet all four requirements to votein U.S. elections.C. You must register if you want to vote in U.S.elections.D. You must meet two requirements to vote inU.S. elections. THINKHow are the ideas related?Answer: The sentence uses a temporal relationship. Thewords before breakfast show time order.IND E PEND E N T P R ACT I C E1. Finally, make a grocery list that includes plentyof fruit and vegetables.2. First, see what you already have on hand.3. Next, create a list of recipes to try that includehealthy ingredients.4. Read the following paragraph about hurricanes:Hurricanes are dangerous and can cause majordamage because of storm surge, wind damage, andflooding. Have enough supplies for your household,including medication, disinfectant supplies, andpet supplies in your go bag or car trunk. After ahurricane, you may not have access to these suppliesfor days or even weeks.Which choice best describes the structure of thisparagraph?A. cause and effectB. comparison and contrastC. problem and solutionD. chronological order24 Unit 2: Make Meaning from Context New Readers Press. All rights reserved.3. How would you renumber these sentences onplanning your weekly meals to put this paragraphin the correct chronological order?

5. Read the following paragraph about disappearingfossil fuels.Power plants can use a variety of fuels in the processof making electricity. Some use fossil fuels: coal, oil,and natural gas. Fossil fuels were formed millionsof years ago from the remains of dead plants andanimals. They are nonrenewable. This means theywill run out. But we have alternatives to fossilfuels like wind, water, and solar power. These arerenewable resources because they will never run out.While alternative energy does not yet make up themajority of the energy we use, we need to embracethese sources.What type of relationship does the author use inthis paragraph?CASA S PRA CT I C ERead the following pamphlet. Then answer questions6 and 7.6. Which choice best describes the structure of thetext?A. cause and effectB. comparison and contrastC. problem and solutionD. chronological order7. What type of relationship is used in the last lineon the pamphlet?A. spatialB. temporalC. contrastD. addition8. Which of the following options would make thebest addition to the bulleted list?A. blue or pale skinB. beer, wine, and liquorC. call 911D. binge drinking New Readers Press. All rights reserved.2: Makefrom Context25Pages from Scoreboost for CASAS - Level C: Reading UnitBook1, MeaningStrategy5

STRATEGY 5Working with Percents Greaterthan 100% and Less than 1%You are probably most familiar with percents between 1% and 100%. However, there are percents that are less than1% and percents that are greater than 100%. For example, according to data from the National Weather Service,about 1 out of every 15,300 people is struck by lightning at some point in their lifetime. As a percent, this is 1 15,3000.0000654 100 0.00654%. This is a percent that is much less than 1%. In other words, it is an extremely rare event.There are also applications and uses for percents greater than 100%. Suppose that through last year you and yourspouse had just one child. This year, you find that you are expecting twins. The number of children in your home isabout to increase from 1 to 3. That is an increase of 200%. A percent that is greater than 100% is greater than theoriginal whole.Percent error measures how far a measurement or estimate is from an actual value. For example, if you measure thelength of a rope, your measurement might be slightly off from the actual length. The percent error is equal to theabsolute value of the difference between a measurement or estimate and an actual value, divided by the actual value.Ex a m p l e 1Write each percent as a decimal.(a) 3 %5(b) 0.025%(c) 140%(d) 1,000%To convert a percent to a decimal, divide by 100. Move the decimal point 2 places to the left.(a)First convert the fraction, 3 , to a decimal: 3 % 0.6%.55Then divide by 100. 0.6 100 0.006.(b)0.025 100 0.00025(c)140 100 1.4(d)1000 100 10.00Ex a m p l e 2(a) 1.5(b) 0.0001To convert a decimal to a percent, multiply by 100. Move the decimal point 2 places to the right.(a)1.5 100 150%(b) 0.0001 100 0.01%0.01% is one-hundredth of 1%. If you took a whole and divided it into 100 equal pieces, each piece would be 1%.If you took one of those pieces and divided it again into 100 equal pieces, one of those pieces would be 0.01%.20 Unit 1: Number SensePages from Scoreboost for CASAS - Level D: Math Book 1, Strategy 5 New Readers Press. All rights reserved.Write each decimal as a percent.

E xa m p l e 3The chances of finding a four-leaf clover is 0.001%. If a large field contains 1,260,000 clovers, how many of themshould have four leaves?First, convert 0.001% into a decimal by dividing by 100.0.001 100 0.00001Next, multiply by the number of clovers in the field.0.00001 1,260,000 12.6We can expect that the field contains approximately 13 four-leaf clovers.E xa m p l e 4Arthur measures the mass of a substance to be 5.60 g. The actual mass, as determined by his professor, is 5.55 g.What is the percent error in Arthur’s measurement?Find the absolute value of the difference between Arthur’s measurement and the actual mass. 5.6 – 5.55 0.05 0.05Write the ratio of the difference over the actual mass. Then write a proportion and find the percent error.0.055.55x 1000.05 100 5.55x5 5.55x55.55500555 5.55x5.55 100 0.900 x111% or 0.900%.The percent error was 100111 New Readers Press. All rights reserved.Pages from Scoreboost for CASAS - Level D: Math Book 1, Strategy 521

Ex a m p l e 5Last year, Ha Yoon made 800 selling household items online. This year, she made 150% of the amount she madelast year. How much did she make this year?First, convert 150% to a decimal by dividing by 100.150 100 1.5Next, multiply by the amount she made last year.1.5 800 1,200Ha Yoon made 1,200 selling household items online this year.Notice that this amount is greater than the original whole amount, 800, because the percent is more than 100.GUI D E D PRA CT I C E1. There are 600 students that attend PleasantValley Elementary School. Of these students, 88%ride the bus, 11.5% are dropped off, and 0.5% walkto school. How many students walk to PleasantValley Elementary School?2. Alyse invested 350 in a savings account. At theend of the year, her account is worth 104% of theoriginal value. What is the value of her account atthe end of the year?A. 354B. 360We are only interested in the number of studentswho walk, so we need to determine the value of0.5% of 600.Solution:First, convert 0.5% to a decimal by dividing by 100.0.5 100 0.005Next, multiply by the total number of students at PleasantValley Elementary School.0.005 600 3There are 3 students that walk to Pleasant ValleyElementary School.22C. 364THINKD. 454 THINKWhat is 104% written as a decimal?Solution:First, divide by 100 to write 104% as a decimal.104 100 1.04Next, multiply by the amount that Alyse invested. 350 1.04 364At the end of the year, Alyse has 364 in the account.(C) 364 New Readers Press. All rights reserved.

IN D E PEND E N T P R ACT I C E3. Which of the following is equal to 0.0035%?A. 0.000035B. 0.0355. A lottery game has a 1 out of 1,000 chance ofwinning. What percent of players can expect towin this game?A. 0.001%C. 0.35B. 0.01%D. 35C. 0.1%D. 1%TEST TIP: When dividing by 100, move the decimalpoint two places to the left. When multiplying by 100,move the decimal point two places to the right.4. Jamal had a minor accident and had to makea claim on his insurance policy. As a result,this month’s bill is going to be 115% of lastmonth’s bill. Last month, Jamal paid 107 forcar insurance. How much will he have to pay thismonth?A. 108.15C. 123.05B. 119.00D. 222.006. Jimmy estimates that a pitcher holds 4.52 litersof liquid. It actually holds 4.50 liters. What is thepercent error between his estimate and the actualvolume of the pitcher?4A. 9 %B.94%C. 10.04%D. 100.4%C A SA S PR ACT I C E7. Which of the following is equal to 1.05?A. 0.0105%B. 0.105%C. 10.5%D. 105%8. In 2019, there was hail twice in Pittsburgh, PA.Approximately what percent of the days did it haillast year in Pittsburgh, PA?A. 0.005% New Read

people rounded to the nearest thousand? A. 300,000 B. 347,000 C. 348,000 D. 350,000 16. A road project is going to cost 287,419. Engineers often use rounded numbers in their reports. What is the cost rounded to the nearest ten thousand dollars and to the nearest hundred thousand d