Public Libraries In The United States - WordPress

Public Librariesin the United StatesFISCAL YEAR 2016MAY 2019i

Institute of Museum and Library ServicesKathryn K. MatthewDirectorThe Institute of Museum and Library Services is the primary source of federal support for the nation’s libraries andmuseums. We advance, support, and empower America’s museums, libraries, and related organizations throughgrant-making, research, and policy development. Our vision is a nation where museums and libraries work togetherto transform the lives of individuals and communities. To learn more, visit www.imls.gov and follow us on Facebookand Twitter.As part of its mission, IMLS conducts policy research, analysis, and data collection to extend and improve the nation’smuseum, library, and information services. IMLS research activities are conducted in ongoing collaboration with statelibrary administrative agencies; national, state, and regional library and museum organizations; and other relevantagencies and organizations. IMLS research activities are designed to provide consistent, reliable, and accurateindicators of the status and trends in library and museum services; and to report timely, useful, and high-quality datato Congress, the states, other policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public.Contact InformationInstitute of Museum and Library Services955 L’Enfant Plaza North, SW, Suite 4000Washington, DC 20024-2135202-653-IMLS (4657)www.imls.govThis publication is available online: www.imls.gov/research.IMLS will provide an audio recording of this publication upon request.For questions or comments, contact research@imls.gov.May 2019Suggested CitationThe Institute of Museum and Library Services. 2019. Public Libraries in the United States Fiscal Year 2016. Washington,DC: The Institute.Unless specifically noted, all information contained herein is in the public domain and may be used and reprintedwithout special permission. Citation of this source is required.Cover PhotosLeft: The Pueblo Chieftain publisher Jane Rawlings reads to a young reader at Rawlings Library in Colorado in support ofSeptember’s adult literacy month. (Photo courtesy of Pueblo City-County Library District, Ann Boyden)Middle: Madison Public Library’s wide network of partners helps the library offer classes or direct one on one assistanceon community needs including resume building, writing assistance, job application and placement, tax filing,computing for English learners, English for Parents, tutoring, exam proctoring, and personalized computer assistance.(Photo courtesy of Madison Public Library)Right: The Orange County Library System gives kids a chance to practice their writing skills during a program thatencourages them to write and illustrate their own autobiographies. (Photo courtesy of the Orange County Library System)

ContentsPublic Libraries in the United States Survey, Fiscal Year 2016List of Tables.ivList of Figures . vExecutive Summary .viIntroduction . 1Public Library Indicators . 1Methodology. 2Data and Analysis . 3Organization of the Report .4PART ONE: Public Library Financial Health. 5Overview .6Indicator 1. Total Operating Revenue per PersonIndicator 2. Total Operating Expenditures per PersonPART TWO: Public Library Resources, Services, and Usage.11Overview . 12Section One: Collections and Circulation . 12Indicator 3. Collection Materials per PersonIndicator 4. Circulation per PersonSection Two: Library Visits and Reference Transactions . 18Indicator 5. Library Visits per PersonIndicator 6. Reference Transactions per PersonSection Three: Program Offerings and Attendance .22Indicator 7. Total Programs Offered per 1,000 PeopleIndicator 8. Total Program Attendance per 1,000 PeopleSection Four: Public-Access Internet Computers and Usage .29Indicator 9. Public-Access Internet Computers per 5,000 PeopleIndicator 10. Public-Access Internet Computer User Sessions per PersonPART THREE: Public Library Staffing .35Overview .36Indicator 11. Staffing (FTEs) per 25,000 People .36APPENDICES.40Appendix A: About the Public Libraries Survey . 41Appendix B: Technical Notes .44Appendix C: PLS Indicators by State .52Appendix D: PLS Indicators by Operational Budget Size .63iii

List of TablesTable ES-1. Summary: FY 2016 PLS Indicators. viiTable N-1. Public Libraries by Locale and Population Size Served, FY 2016.4Table 1-1. Public Library Finances Summary, FY 2015–2016 (in Constant 2016 Dollars).6Table 1-2. Operating Revenue per Person by Source of Revenue, Locale, and Population Size Served,FY 2016.9Table 1-3. Operating Expenditures per Person by Type of Expenditure, Locale, and Population SizeServed, FY 2016.9Table 2-1. Public Library Collections and Circulation Summary, FY 2015–2016. 13Table 2-2. Collection Materials and Circulation per Person by Type, Locale, and Population SizeServed, FY 2016. 15Table 2-3. Library Visits and Reference Transactions Summary, FY 2015–2016. 18Table 2-4. Library Visits and Reference Transactions per Person by Locale and Population SizeServed, FY 2016. 19Table 2-5. Public Library Programs Summary, FY 2015–2016.23Table 2-6. Total Programs Offered and Total Program Attendance per 1,000 People by Program Type,Locale, and Population Size Served, FY 2016.25Table 2-7. Public-Access Internet Computers and User Sessions Summary, FY 2015–2016.29Table 2-8. Public-Access Internet Computers per 5,000 People and per Stationary Outlet andUser Sessions per Person by Locale, and Population Size Served, FY 2016.32Table 3-1. Public Library Staffing Summary, FY 2015–2016.36Table 3-2. Staffing (FTEs) per 25,000 People by Staffing Type, Locale, and Population Size Served,FY 2016.37Table B-1. Reporting Periods of Public Libraries, FY 2016.45Table B-2. States with Public Libraries with Overlapping Service Areas: FY 2016.46Table B-3. Urban-Centric Locale Categories.50Table C-1. Operating Revenue and Operating Expenditures per Person by State, FY 2016.52Table C-2. Collection Materials and Circulation per Person by State, FY 2016.54Table C-3. Library Visits and Reference Transactions per Person by State, FY 2016.56Table C-4. Total Programs Offered and Program Attendance per 1,000 People by Program Typeand State, FY 2016.57Table C-5. Public-Access Internet Computers per 5,000 People and per Stationary Outlet and UserSessions by State, FY 2016 .59Table C-6. Staffing (FTEs) per 25,000 People and Percentage of Librarians with an ALA-MLS by State,FY 2016. 61Table D-1. Percentage of Libraries by Operational Budget Size, FY 2016.63Table D-2. Operating Revenue per Person by Source of Revenue and Operational Budget Size, FY 2016.63Table D-3. Operating Expenditures per Person by Type of Expenditure and Operational Budget Size,FY 2016.64Table D-4. Collection Materials and Circulation per Person by Type and Operational Budget Size,FY 2016.65Table D-5. Library Visits and Reference Transactions per Person by Operational Budget Size, FY 2016.65Table D-6. Total Programs Offered and Total Program Attendance per 1,000 People by Program Typeand Operational Budget Size, FY 2016.66Table D-7. Public-Access Internet Computers per 5,000 People and per Stationary Outlet andUser Sessions per Person by Operational Budget Size, FY 2016.67Table D-8. Staffing (FTEs) per 25,000 People by Staffing Type and Operational Budget Size, FY 2016.67iv

List of FiguresFigure ES-1. Total Programs Offered per 1,000 People by Program Type, FY 2007–2016. viiiFigure N-1. Public Library Administrative Entities in the United States, FY 2016. 2Figure 1-1. Total Operating Revenue and Expenditures in Billions, FY 2007–2016 (in Constant2016 Dollars). 7Figure 1-2. Operating Expenditures per Person by Type of Expenditure, FY 2007–2016 (in Constant2016 Dollars).8Figure 1-3. Total Operating Revenue per Person by State, FY 2016. 10Figure 1-4. Total Operating Expenditures per Person by State, FY 2016. 10Figure 2-1. Collection Materials per Person by Material Type, FY 2007–2016. 14Figure 2-2. Circulation and Children’s Materials Circulation per Person, FY 2007–2016. 14Figure 2-3. Collection Materials per Person by State, FY 2016. 16Figure 2-4. Circulation per Person by State, FY 2016. 17Figure 2-5. Children’s Materials Circulation per Person by State, FY 2016. 17Figure 2-6. Library Visits and Reference Transactions per Person, FY 2007–2016. 19Figure 2-7. Library Visits per Person by State, FY 2016.20Figure 2-8. Reference Transactions per Person by State, FY 2016. 21Figure 2-9. Total Programs Offered per 1,000 People by Program Type, FY 2007–2016.23Figure 2-10. Total Program Attendance per 1,000 People by Program Type, FY 2007–2016.24Figure 2-11. Total Programs Offered per 1,000 People by State, FY 2016.26Figure 2-12. Total Program Attendance per 1,000 People by State, FY 2016.26Figure 2-13. Children’s Programs Offered per 1,000 People by State, FY 2016.27Figure 2-14. Children’s Program Attendance per 1,000 People by State, FY 2016.27Figure 2-15. Young Adults’ Programs Offered per 1,000 People by State, FY 2016.28Figure 2-16. Young Adults’ Program Attendance per 1,000 People by State, FY 2016.28Figure 2-17. Public-Access Internet Computers per 5,000 People, FY 2007–2016.30Figure 2-18. Public-Access Internet Computers per Stationary Outlet, FY 2007–2016.30Figure 2-19. Public-Access Internet Computer User Sessions per Person, FY 2007–2016. 31Figure 2-20. Public-Access Internet Computers per 5,000 People by State, FY 2016.33Figure 2-21. Public-Access Internet Computers per Stationary Outlet by State, FY 2016.33Figure 2-22. Public-Access Internet Computer User Sessions per Person by State, FY 2016.34Figure 3-1. Staffing (FTEs) per 25,000 People by Staffing Type, FY 2007–2016.37Figure 3-2. Librarians (FTEs) per 25,000 People by State, FY 2016.38Figure 3-3. Percentage of Librarians with an ALA-MLS by State, FY 2016.39v

Executive SummaryThe Institute of Museum and Library Services(IMLS), under the Museum and Library ServicesAct of 2018, administers the Public LibrariesSurvey (PLS) to collect data annually about howlibraries serve the public. Since 1988, the PLSdata provide insights on long-term trends in thechanging role of public libraries in response toincreasingly diverse information needs. Thesedata help practitioners and policymakers identifycommunity engagement, resource usage,needs for local services, and areas for futuredevelopment. This report shows that over the pastten years, the economic recession of December2007 to June 20091 impacted funding and staffing,but while funding has rebounded, staffing levelscontinue to stay flat. At the same time, publiclibraries’ services and resources have continued todiversify and expand.The FY 2016 PLS annual census collected data from98 percent of the public libraries2 in all 50 states,the District of Columbia, and outlying territories.This report summarizes the findings from 9,057active public libraries that met Federal and StateCooperative System (FSCS) criteria.3 Ten-yeartrend data are provided for 11 key indicators, withtwo-year data (FY 2015 and FY 2016) providedfor an additional 20 sub-indicators. This reportprovides information at the national and statelevels and separately for libraries that servedifferent sizes and types of communities.HighlightsFinancial Health of Public Libraries (Indicators 1 & 2)The financial health of public libraries has fluctuated over the 10 fiscal years between FY 2007 andFY 2016, most recently nearly recovering fully from the effects of the 2007–2009 recession.4 Totaloperating revenue grew from 12.59 billion in FY 2007 to 12.75 billion in FY 2016, peaking in FY 2009 at 12.91 billion. Total operating expenditures show a similar trend, which were at 12.09 billion in FY 2016.Public Library Services, Resources, and Usage (Indicators 3–10)Public libraries respond to the needs of their communi

Act of 2018, administers the Public Libraries Survey (PLS) to collect data annually about how libraries serve the public. Since 1988, the PLS data provide insights on long-term trends in the changing role of public libraries in response to increasingly diverse information needs. These data help practitioners and policymakers identify