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DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93JANUARY 1993DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOKENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY,PRINTS, AND DRAWINGSVolume 2 of 2U.S. Department of EnergyFSC-6910Washington, D.C. 20585Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

This document has been reproduced directly from the best available copy.Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific andTechnical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.Available to the public from the National Technical Information Services, U.S.Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal., Springfield, VA 22161.Order No. DE93012181This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY, PRINTS, AND DRAWINGSABSTRACTThe Engineering Sym bology, Prints, and Drawings Handbook was developed to assistnuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and technicalstaff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of engineeringprints, their use, and their function. The handbook includes information on engineering fluiddrawings and prints; piping and instrument drawings; major symbols and conventions; electronicdiagrams and schematics; logic circuits and diagrams; and fabrication, construction, andarchitectural drawings. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for reading,interpreting, and using the engineering prints and drawings that are associated with various DOEnuclear facility operations and maintenance.Key Words: Training Material, Print Reading, Piping and Instrument Drawings, Schematics,Electrical Diagrams, Block Diagrams, Logic Diagrams, Fabrication Drawings, ConstructionDrawings, Architectural DrawingsRev. 0PRThis document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY, PRINTS, AND DRAWINGSFOREWORDThe Departm ent of Energy (DOE) Fundam entals Handbooks consist of ten academicsubjects, which include Mathematics; Classical Physics; Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, andFluid Flow; Instrumentation and Control; Electrical Science; Material Science; MechanicalScience; Chemistry; Engineering Symbology, Prints, and Drawings; and Nuclear Physics andReactor Theory. The handbooks are provided as an aid to DOE nuclear facility contractors.These handbooks were first published as Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manuals in 1985for use by DOE category A reactors. The subject areas, subject matter content, and level ofdetail of the Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manuals were determined from several sources.DOE Category A reactor training managers determined which materials should be included, andserved as a primary reference in the initial development phase. Training guidelines from thecommercial nuclear power industry, results of job and task analyses, and independent input fromcontractors and operations-oriented personnel were all considered and included to some degreein developing the text material and learning objectives.The DOE Fundam entals Handbooks represent the needs of various DOE nuclear facilities'fundamental training requirements. To increase their applicability to nonreactor nuclear facilities,the Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manual learning objectives were distributed to the NuclearFacility Training Coordination Program Steering Committee for review and comment. To updatetheir reactor-specific content, DOE Category A reactor training managers also reviewed andcommented on the content. On the basis of feedback from these sources, information that appliedto two or more DOE nuclear facilities was considered generic and was included. The final draftof each of the handbooks was then reviewed by these two groups. This approach has resultedin revised modular handbooks that contain sufficient detail such that each facility may adjust thecontent to fit their specific needs.Each handbook contains an abstract, a foreword, an overview, learning objectives, and textmaterial, and is divided into modules so that content and order may be modified by individualDOE contractors to suit their specific training needs. Each handbook is supported by a separateexamination bank with an answer key.The DOE Fundam entals Handbooks have been prepared for the Assistant Secretary forNuclear Energy, Office of Nuclear Safety Policy and Standards, by the DOE TrainingCoordination Program. This program is managed by EG&G Idaho, Inc.Rev. 0PRThis document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY, PRINTS, AND DRAWINGSOVERVIEWThe Departm ent of Energy Fundam entals Handbook entitled Engineering Sym bology,Prints, and Drawings was prepared as an information resource for personnel who are responsiblefor the operation of the Department's nuclear facilities. A basic understanding of engineeringprints and drawings is necessary for DOE nuclear facility operators, maintenance personnel, andthe technical staff to safely operate and maintain the facility and facility support systems. Theinformation in the handbook is presented to provide a foundation for applying engineeringconcepts to the job. This knowledge will improve personnel understanding of the impact thattheir actions may have on the safe and reliable operation of facility components and systems.The Engineering Sym bology, Prints, and Drawings handbook consists of six modules thatare contained in two volumes. The following is a brief description of the information presentedin each module of the handbook.Volume 1 of 2Module 1 - Introduction to Print ReadingThis module introduces each type of drawing and its various formats. It alsoreviews the information contained in the non-drawing areas of a drawing.Module 2 - Engineering Fluid Diagrams and PrintsThis module introduces engineering fluid diagrams and prints (P&IDs); reviewsthe common symbols and conventions used on P&IDs; and provides severalexamples of how to read a P&ID.Module 3 - Electrical Diagrams and SchematicsThis module reviews the major symbols and conventions used on electricalschematics and single line drawings and provides several examples of readingelectrical prints.Rev. 0PRThis document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY, PRINTS, AND DRAWINGSOVERVIEW (Cont.)Volume 2 of 2Module 4 - Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsThis module reviews electronic schematics and block diagrams. It covers themajor symbols used and provides several examples of reading these types ofdrawings.Module 5 - Logic DiagramsThis module introduces the basic symbols and common conventions used on logicdiagrams. It explains how logic prints are used to represent a component's controlcircuits. Truth tables are also briefly discusses and several examples of readinglogic diagrams are provided.Module 6 - Engineering Fabrication, Construction, and Architectural DrawingsThis module reviews fabrication, construction, and architectural drawings andintroduces the symbols and conventions used to dimension and tolerance thesetypes of drawings.The information contained in this handbook is by no means all encompassing. An attemptto present the entire subject of engineering drawings would be impractical. However, theEngineering Sym bology, Prints, and Drawings handbook does present enough information toprovide the reader with a fundamental knowledge level sufficient to understand the advancedtheoretical concepts presented in other subject areas, and to improve understanding of basicsystem operation and equipment operations.Rev. 0PRThis document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Department of EnergyFundamentals HandbookENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY, PRINTS,AND DRAWINGSModule 4Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsThis document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsDOE-HDBK-1016/2-93TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSiiLIST OF FIGURESiiiLIST OF TABLESREFERENCESivOBJECTIVESvELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS AND SCHEMATICS1IntroductionElectronic Schematic Drawing SymbologyExamples of Electronic Schematic DiagramsReading Electronic Prints, Diagrams, and SchematicsBlock Drawing SymbologyExamples of Block DiagramsSummary1257121217EXAMPLES18Example 1Example 2SummaryRev. 0182223Page iPR-04This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93LIST OF FIGURESElectronic Diagrams and SchematicsLIST OF FIGURESFigure 1 Electronic Symbols3Figure 2 Electronic Symbols (Continued)4Figure 3 Example of an Electronic Schematic Diagram5Figure 4 Comparison of an Electronic Schematic Diagramand its Pictorial Layout Diagram6Figure 5 Transformer Polarity Markings7Figure 6 Schematic Showing Power Supply Connections8Figure 7 NPN Transistor-Conducting9Figure 8 NPN Transistor-Nonconducting9Figure 9 PNP Transistor10Figure 10 Diode10Figure 11 Bistable Symbols11Figure 1 2 Example Blocks12Figure 1 3 Example Block Diagram13Figure 14 Example of a Combined Drawing, P&ID, Electrical Single Line,and Electronic Block Diagram.Figure 15 Example Combination Diagram of Electrical Single Line, and Block Diagram16Figure 16 Example 119Figure 17 Example 222PR-04Page ii15Rev. 0This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsDOE-HDBK-1016/2-93LIST OF TABLESLIST OF TABLESNONERev. 0Page iiiPR-04This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

REFERENCESDOE-HDBK-1016/2-93Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsREFERENCESANSI Y14.5M - 1982, Dimensioning and Tolerancing, American National StandardsInstitute.ANSI Y32.2 -1975, Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronic Diagrams, AmericanNational Standards Institute.Gasperini, Richard E., Digital Troubleshooting, Movonics Company; Los Altos,California, 1976.Jensen - Helsel, Engineering Drawing and Design, Second Ed., McGraw-Hill BookCompany, New York, 1979.Lenk, John D., Handbook of Logic Circuits, Reston Publishing Company, Reston,Virginia, 1972.Wickes, William E., Logic Design with Integrated Circuits, John Wiley & Sons Inc,1968.Naval Auxiliary Machinery, United States Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland, 1951.TPC Training Systems, Reading Schematics and Symbols, Technical PublishingCompany, Barrington, Illinois, 1974.Arnell, Alvin, Standard Graphica1 Symbols, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1963.George Mashe, Systems Summary of a Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactor,Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 1971.Zappe, R. W., Valve Selection Handbook, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas,1968.PR-04Page ivRev. 0This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsDOE-HDBK-1016/2-93OBJECTIVESTERMINAL OBJECTIVE1.0Given a block diagram, print, or schematic, IDENTIFY the basic component symbolsas presented in this module.ENABLING OBJECTIVES1.1IDENTIFY the symbols used on engineering electronic block diagrams, prints, andschematics, for the following components.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.1.m.n.1.2.Rev. 0Fixed resistorVariable resistorTapped resistorFixed capacitorVariable capacitorFixed inductorVariable inductorDiodeLight emitting diode (LED)AmmeterVoltmeterWattmeterChassis groundCircuit tLight bulbSilicon controlled rectifier (SCR)Half wave rectifierFull wave lifierPNP and NPN transistorsJunctionSTATE the purpose of a block diagram and an electronic schematic diagram.Page vPR-04This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsIntentionally Left Blank.PR-04Page viRev. 0This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsDOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS, PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICSELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS,PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICSTo read and understand an electronic diagram or electronic schematic,the basic symbols and conventions must be understood.EO 1.1IDENTIFY the symbols used on engineeringelectronic block diagrams, prints, and schematics, forthe following components.a.b.Fixed resistorVariableresistorc. Tapped resistord. Fixed capacitore. Variablecapacitorf. Fixed inductorg. Variableinductorh. Diodei. Light emittingdiode (LED)j. Ammeterk. Voltmeterl. Wattmeterm. Chassis groundEO 1.2n.o.p.q.r.s.t.u.v.w.x.y.z.aa.bb.Circuit groundFusePlugHeadsetLight bulbSilicon controlled rectifier(SCR)Half wave bridge rectifierFull wave lifierPNP and NPN transistorsJunctionSTATE the purpose of a block diagram and anelectronic schematic diagram.IntroductionElectronic prints fall into two basic categories, electronic schematics and block diagrams.Electronic schematics represent the most detailed category of electronic drawings. They depictevery component in a circuit, the component's technical information (such as its ratings), andhow each component is wired into the circuit. Block diagrams are the simplest type of drawing.As the name implies, block diagrams represent any part, component, or system as a simplegeometric shape, with each block capable of representing a single component (such as a relay)or an entire system. The intended use of the drawing dictates the level of detail provided byRev. 0Page 1This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.netPR-04

DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS, PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICSElectronic Diagrams and Schematicseach block. This chapter will review the basic symbols and conventions used in both types ofdrawings.Electronic Schematic Drawing SymbologyOf all the different types of electronic drawings, electronic schematics provide the most detailand information about a circuit. Each electronic component in a given circuit will be depictedand in most cases its rating or other applicable component information will be provided. Thistype of drawing provides the level of information needed to troubleshoot electronic circuits.Electronic schematics are the most difficult type of drawing to read, because they require a veryhigh level of knowledge as to how each of the electronic components affects, or is affected by,an electrical current. This chapter reviews only the symbols commonly used in depicting themany components in electronic systems. Once mastered, this knowledge should enable thereader to obtain a functional understanding of most electronic prints and schematics.Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate the most common electronic symbols used on electronicschematics.PR-04Page 2Rev. 0This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsRev. 0PR-04DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS, PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICSFigure 1 Electronic SymbolsPage 3This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Page 4Figure 2 Electronic Symbols (Continued)DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS, PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICSPR-04Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsRev. 0This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsDOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS, PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICSExamples of Electronic Schematic DiagramsElectronic schematics use symbols for each component found in an electrical circuit, no matterhow small. The schematics do not show placement or scale, merely function and flow. From this,the actual workings of a piece of electronic equipment can be determined. Figure 3 is an exampleof an electronic schematic diagram.Figure 3 Example of an Electronic Schematic DiagramA second type of electronic schematic diagram, the pictorial layout diagram, is actually not somuch an electronic schematic as a pictorial of how the electronic circuit actually looks. Thesedrawings show the actual layout of the components on the circuit board. This provides atwo-dimensional drawing, usually looking down from the top, detailing the components in theirlocation. Shown in Figure 4 is the schematic for a circuit and the same circuit drawn in pictorialor layout format for comparison. Normally the pictorial layout would be accompanied by a partslist.Rev. 0Page 5This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.netPR-04

DOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS, PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICSElectronic Diagrams and SchematicsFigure 4 Comparison of an Electronic Schematic Diagram and its Pictorial Layout DiagramPR-04Page 6Rev. 0This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net

Electronic Diagrams and SchematicsDOE-HDBK-1016/2-93ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS, PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICSReading Electronic Prints, Diagrams and SchematicsTo properly read prints and schematics, the reader must identify the condition of the componentsshown and also follow the events that occur as the circuit functions. As with electrical systems,the relays and contacts shown are always in the de-energized condition. Modern electronicsystems usually contain few, if any, relays or contacts, so these will normally play a minor role.Electronic schematics are more difficult to read than electrical schematics, especially when solidstate devices are used (The Electronic Science Fundamental Handbook discusses electricalschematics in detail). Knowledge of the workings of these devices is necessary to determinecurrent flow. In this section, only the basics will be covered to assist in reading skills.The first observation in dealing with a detailed electronic schematic is the source and polarity ofpower. Generally, power will be shown one of two ways, either as an input transformer, or asa numerical value. When power is supplied by a transformer, polarity marks will aid indetermining current flow. In this convention, dots on the primary and secondary indicate currentflow into the primary and out of the secondary at a given instant of time. In Figure 5, the currentis into the top of the primary and out of the bottom of the secondary.PRIMARYSECONDARYFigure 5 Transformer Polarity MarkingsGenerally, the electrical power source is indicated at the point where it enters a particularschematic. These values are stated numerically with polarity assigned ( 15 volts, -15 volts).These markings are usually at the top and bottom of schematics, but not always. In the exampleshown in Figure 6, power is shown at both the top and bottom in a circuit using two powersources. Unless specified as an Alternating Current (AC) power source, the voltages cannormally be assumed to be Direct Current (DC).Rev. 0Page 7This document, and more, is available for download at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - w

the Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manual learning objectives were distributed to the Nuclear . to two or more DOE nuclear facilities was considered generic and was included. The final draft . Systems Summaryof a Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactor, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 1971. Zappe, R. W., Valve Selection Handbook, Gulf .

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