FAA-S-8081-14B, Private Pilot Practical Test Standards For .

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FAA-S-8081-14BU.S. Departmentof Transportation(with Changes 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5)Federal AviationAdministrationPrivate PilotPractical Test StandardsforAirplane(SEL, MEL, SES, MES)November 2011(Effective June 1, 2012)Flight Standards ServiceWashington, DC 20591

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Private PilotAirplanePractical Test Standards2011Flight Standards ServiceWashington, DC 20591

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NoteMaterial in FAA-S-8081-14B will be effective June 1, 2012. Allprevious editions of the Private Pilot—Airplane Practical TestStandards will be obsolete as of this date.

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ForwardThe Private Pilot—Airplane Practical Test Standards (PTS) bookhas been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) toestablish the standards for private pilot certification practical tests forthe airplane category, single-engine land and sea; and multiengineland and sea classes. FAA inspectors and designated pilotexaminers shall conduct practical tests in compliance with thesestandards. Flight instructors and applicants should find thesestandards helpful during training and when preparing for thepractical test./s/ David Gilliom 10/31/2011for John Allen, DirectorFlight Standards Service

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Record of ChangesChange 1 (March 12, 2012 and June 22, 2012)) Removed Judgment Assessment Matrix.o Reason: Did not apply to this PTS. Removed Task D “Accelerated Stalls” from Area ofOperation VIII and re-lettered “Spin Awareness” to Task Don the Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist in Section 1.Change 2 (March 23, 2012) Added Objective 9 to Section 1, Area of Operation IV, TaskA.o Reason: Inadvertently omitted during last revision. Added Objective 9 to Section 2, Area of Operation IV, TaskA.o Reason: Inadvertently omitted during last revision.Change 3 (May 2, 2012) Removed note from Section 1, Area of Operation VIII.o Reason: Input from the field. Revised Objective 6 in Section 1, Area of Operation VIII,Task B.o Reason: Input from the field. Revised Objective 6 in Section 1, Area of Operation VIII,Task C.o Reason: Input from the field. Removed note from Section 2, Area of Operation VIII.o Reason: Input from the field. Revised Objective 6 in Section 2, Area of Operation VIII,Task B.o Reason: Input from the field. Revised Objective 6 in Section 2, Area of Operation VIII,Task C.o Reason: Input from the field.Change 4 (May 1, 2013) Added language to the General Information section of theIntroduction regarding combined practical tests (page 1)

oReason: Change in Federal Aviation Regulation (14CFR part 61, section 61.65). Changed “this practical test standard” to “these practicaltest standards” (2 instances) in the General Informationsection of the Introduction.o Reason: Grammar correction. Changed “lift off” to “liftoff” in the Examiner Responsibilitysection of the Introduction (page 10).o Reason: Spelling correction. Changed “500 feet AGL” to “400 feet AGL” in the ExaminerResponsibility section of the Introduction (page 10),o Reason: Standardization of criteria. Changed “500 feet AGL” to “400 feet AGL” in the Note forSection 2, Area of Operation X, Task C (page 112).o Reason: Standardization of criteria.Change 5 (May 30, 2013) Revised References in Section 1, Area of Operation VII,Task A (page 54) to include 14 CFR part 91.o Reason: Reference was missing. Revised Objective 5 in Section 1, Area of Operation VII,Task A (page 54) to refer to “magnetic direction indicator”instead of “magnetic compass.”o Reason: Revised to match regulation (14 CFR part91). Revised References in Section 2, Area of Operation VII,Task A (page 101) to include 14 CFR part 91.o Reason: Reference was missing. Revised Objective 5 in Section 2, Area of Operation VII,Task A (page 101) to refer to “magnetic direction indicator”instead of “magnetic compass.”o Reason: Revised to match regulation (14 CFR part91).

Major Enhancements to Version FAA-S-8081-14B All References reviewed and updated ations Sections addedUse of Practical Test Standards updatedUse of the Judgment Assessment Matrix addedSpecial Emphasis Areas updatedRemoval of the “Limited to Center Thrust” Limitations addedPrivate Pilot — Airplane Practical Test PrerequisitesupdatedFlight Instructor Responsibility updatedExaminer Responsibility updatedSatisfactory Performance updatedSingle-Pilot Resource Management updatedAeronautical Decision-Making addedRisk Management addedTask Management addedSituational Awareness addedControlled Flight Into Terrain Awareness addedAutomation Management addedLetter of Discontinuance addedApplicant’s Use of Checklists updatedStalls and Spin Awareness addedSection 1, Private Pilot—Airplane (Single-Engine Land andSingle-Engine Sea) Additional Rating Task Table for Airplane Single-Engine LandupdatedAdditional Rating Task Table for Airplane Single-Engine SeaupdatedJudgment Assessment MatrixAreas of Operation, updatedoI. Preflight Preparation oII. Preflight Procedures oTask C: Weather InformationTask E: National Airspace SystemTask A: Preflight InspectionTask C: Engine StartingTask F: Runway Incursion AvoidanceIII. Airport and Seaplane Base Operations

oIV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds oTask F: Radio Communications, NavigationSystems/Facilities, and Radar ServicesX. Emergency Operations oNote AddedIX. Basic Instrument Maneuvers oTask A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and ClimbTask B: Normal and Crosswind Approach and LandingTask C: Soft-Field Takeoff and ClimbTask D: Soft-Field Approach and LandingTask E: Short-Field Takeoff and MaximumPerformance ClimbTask F: Short-Field Approach and LandingTask G: Glassy Water Takeoff and ClimbTask H: Glassy Water Approach and LandingTask I: Rough Water Takeoff and ClimbTask J: Rough Water Approach and LandingTask K: Forward Slip to a LandingTask L: Go-Around/Rejected LandingVIII. Slow Flight and Stalls oTask A: Radio Communication and ATC Light SignalsTask C: Systems and Equipment MalfunctionsXI. Night OperationsSection 2, Private Pilot—Airplane (Multiengine Land andMultiengine Sea) Additional Rating Task Table for Airplane Multiengine LandupdatedAdditional Rating Task Table for Airplane Multiengine SeaupdatedAreas of Operation, updatedoI. Preflight Preparation oTask C: Weather InformationTask D: Cross-country Flight PlanningTask E, : National Airspace SystemII. Preflight Procedures Task A: Preflight InspectionTask C: Engine Starting

oIII. Airport and Seaplane Base Operations o Task F: Radio Communications, NavigationSystems/Facilities, and Radar ServicesX. Emergency Operations oNote AddedIX. Basic Instrument Maneuvers oNote: Added Runway Incursion Avoidance to all AMELTasks.Task A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and ClimbTask B: Normal and Crosswind Approach and LandingTask C: Short-Field Takeoff and MaximumPerformance ClimbTask D: Short-Field Approach and LandingTask E: Glassy Water Takeoff and ClimbTask F: Glassy Water Approach and LandingTask G: Rough Water Takeoff and ClimbTask H: Rough Water Approach and LandingTask I: Go-Around/Rejected LandingVIII. Slow Flight and Stalls oTask A: Radio Communication and ATC Light SignalsIV. Takeoffs, Landings, Stop and Go Landings, and GoArounds oTask D: TaxiingTask F: Runway Incursion AvoidanceTask G: Before Takeoff CheckTask C: Engine Failure After Lift-OffTask E: Systems and Equipment MalfunctionsXI. Multiengine Operations Note addedTask B: VMC DemonstrationTask D: Instrument Approach and Landing with anInoperative Engine

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Table of ContentsIntroductionGeneral Information . 1Practical Test Standards Concept . 2Practical Test Book Description . 2Abbreviations . 4Use of the Practical Test Standards . 6Special Emphasis Areas . 7Removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only”Limitation. 7Removal of the “Limited to Center Thrust” Limitation . 8Private Pilot – Airplane Practical Test Prerequisites . 8Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test . 9Flight Instructor Responsibility . 9Examiner Responsibility . 10Satisfactory Performance. 10Unsatisfactory Performance . 11Letter of Discontinuance . 12Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) . 12Applicant’s Use of Checklists . 16Use of Distractions during Practical Tests. 16Positive Exchange of Flight Controls . 16Stalls and Spin Awareness. 17Section 1: Private Pilot – Airplane Single-Engine Land andSingle-Engine SeaAdditional Rating Task Table: Airplane Single-EngineLand . 21Additional Rating Task Table: Airplane Single-EngineSea . 22Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist . 23Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist . 25Areas of Operation:I.Preflight Preparation . 31iFAA-S-8081-14B

Task A: Certificates and Documents (ASEL andASES) . 31Task B: Airworthiness Requirements (ASEL andASES) . 31Task C: Weather Information (ASEL and ASES) . 32Task D: Cross-Country Flight Planning (ASEL andASES) . 32Task E: National Airspace System (ASEL and ASES) . 33Task F: Performance and Limitations (ASEL andASES) . 33Task G: Operation of Systems (ASEL and ASES). 34Task H: Water and Seaplane Characteristics (ASES). 34Task I: Seaplane BASES, Maritime Rules, and Aidsto Marine Navigation (ASES) . 35Task J: Aeromedical Factors (ASEL and ASES) . 35II. Preflight Procedures . 36Task A:Task B:Task C:Task D:Task E:Task F:Preflight Inspection (ASEL and ASES) . 36Cockpit Management (ASEL and ASES) . 36Engine Starting (ASEL and ASES) . 36Taxiing (ASEL) . 37Taxiing and Sailing (ASES) . 37Runway Incursion Avoidance (ASEL andASES) . 38Task G: Before Takeoff Check (ASEL and ASES) . 39III. Airport and Seaplane Base Operations . 40Task A: Radio Communications and ATC LightSignals (ASEL and ASES) . 40Task B: Traffic Patterns (ASEL and ASES). 40Task C: Airport/Seaplane Base, Runway, andTaxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting(ASEL and ASES) . 40IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds . 42Task A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb(ASEL and ASES) . 42Task B: Normal and Crosswind Approach andLanding . 43FAA-S-8081-14Bii

Task C: Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL). 43Task D: Soft-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL). 44Task E: Short-Field Takeoff (Confined Area—ASES)and Maximum Performance Climb (ASELand ASES) . 45Task F: Short-Field Approach (Confined Area—ASES) and Landing (ASEL and ASES) . 46Task G: Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES). 47Task H: Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES). 47Task I: Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES) . 48Task J: Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES). 48Task K: Forward Slip to a Landing (ASEL and ASES) . 49Task L: Go-Around/Rejected Landing (ASEL andASES) . 50V. Performance Maneuver . 51Task A: Steep Turns (ASEL and ASES) . 51VI. Ground Reference Maneuvers . 52Task A: Rectangular Course (ASEL and ASES) . 52Task B: S-Turns (ASEL and ASES) . 52Task C: Turns Around a Point (ASEL and ASES) . 52VII. Navigation . 54Task A: Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (ASEL andASES) . 54Task B: Navigation Systems and Radar Services(ASEL and ASES) . 54Task C: Diversion (ASEL and ASES) .

The Private Pilot—Airplane Practical Test Standards (PTS) book has been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for private pilot certification practical tests for the airplane category, single-engine land and sea; and multiengine land and sea classes. FAA inspectors and designated pilot

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