Professional Issues In Therapeutic Recreation
Professional Issues inTherapeutic RecreationOn Competence and Outcomes3rd EditionNorma J. StumboBrent D. WolfeShane fessional-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
Professional Issuesin TherapeuticRecreationOn Competence and OutcomesThird EditionNorma J. StumboBrent D. WolfeShane fessional-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
2017 Sagamore-Venture Publishing LLCAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by anymeans without permission from the publisher.Publishers: Joseph J. Bannon/Peter BannonSales and Marketing Manager: Misti GillesMarketing Assistant: Kimberly VecchioDirector of Development and Production: Susan M. DavisGraphic Designer: Marissa WillisonTechnology Manager: Mark AtkinsonLibrary of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2017934553ISBN print edition: 978-157167-845-4ISBN ebook: 978-1-57167- 846-1Printed in the United States.1807 N. Federal Dr.Urbana, IL on-3rd-ed
ContentsAcknowledgments.ixPreface .xiAbout the Authors .xvSECTION I: INTRODUCTION1Keynote: Ensuring Our Worth, Proving Our ValueNorma J. Stumbo, Shane Pegg . 12Revisiting a Historical Analysis of Issues inTherapeutic Recreation and Recreational TherapyKari Kensinger . 193The Intersection of Gender, Disability, and PowerKenneth E. Mobily . 334 Therapeutic Recreation or Recreational Therapy?:č iw Ì v À Ì i *À vissionTeresa M. Beck . 455World Demographics and Their Implications forTherapeutic RecreationM. Rebecca Genoe, Tristan D. Hopper, Jerome F. Singleton . nal-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
È / i , i v Ì i ÌiÀ Ì ÃÃ wV Ì v Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) inRecreational Therapy Practice, Research,and EducationHeather R. Porter, Marieke Van Puymbroeck,Bryan McCormick . 677International Perspectives on Therapeutic RecreationHeewon Yang, Jun Kim . 878Perspective: Why Every Corporation Should Hire a TRSMark A. Widmer, Mat Duerden . 101SECTION II: EDUCATION9Keynote: The Python and the Alligator: RecreationalTherapy and the Perennial Quest to Thrive in ConstantlyChanging EnvironmentsAlexis McKenney, Marieke Van Puymbroeck . 113 ä *À w i v / iÀ «iÕÌ V ,iVÀi Ì ÕÀÀ VÕ Allison Wilder, Marcia Jean Carter, Melissa L. Zahl,Janell Greenwood, Norma J. Stumbo . 12711AccreditationSydney L. Sklar, Cari E. Autry . 14312Online Learning and Teaching in Therapeutic RecreationLynn S. Anderson, Linda A. Heyne, Patricia K. Thomas . nal-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
13Move to Master’s Degree for Entry-Level Practice?Marcia Jean Carter, Candace Ashton, Deborah Hutchins,Brent D. Wolfe . 17314Perspective: Curricular Standardization in TherapeuticRecreation: Professional and University ImplicationsJudy S. Kinney, W. B. (Terry) Kinney, Jeffrey P. Witman,Brian K. Malcarne . 197SECTION III: PRACTICE15Keynote: Therapeutic Recreation Is a Process,Not a PlaceBrent D. Wolfe . 22116Service Trends in Therapeutic RecreationJo-Ellen Ross, Gretchen Snethen . 23317Therapeutic Recreation Practice ModelsJo-Ellen Ross, Candace Ashton . 25718Evidence-Based PracticesShane Pegg, Norma J. Stumbo, Jamie Bennett . 33319Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Decision-Making Toolfor Best Practice?Nancy E. Richeson, Suzanne Fitzsimmons, Angie Sardina . al-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
20Revisited: Issues and Concerns in TherapeuticRecreation AssessmentNorma J. Stumbo, Betsy Kemeny . 36921Professional Advocacy Through Public PolicyJohn W. Shank, John N. McGovern, Sharon Nichols . 39722 Ensuring Initial and Continuing Competence:iÀÌ wV Ì Vi ÃÕÀi / iÀ «iÕÌ V ,iVÀi Ì nJennifer L. Hinton, Peg Connolly . 41323Higher Education and Health Care:Parallel Issues of Quality, Cost, and AccessMelissa L. Zahl, Janell Greenwood, Mary Ann Keogh Hoss,Allison Wilder, Marcia Jean Carter. 42924Perspective: Innovation in Fieldwork Education: Towarda Theoretical Framework of Fieldwork PedagogyPatti Craig . 461SECTION IV: RESEARCH25Keynote: Status of Therapeutic Recreation ResearchLeandra A. Bedini . 49326The Role of Theory in Therapeutic Recreation:A Practical ApproachLinda L. Caldwell, Elizabeth H. Weybright . nal-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
27Issues and Adventures in Evaluation andOutcome ResearchMark A. Widmer, Neil R. Lundberg . 52928Participatory Approaches to Research With MarginalizedIndividuals and Groups: Ensuring RelevancySherry L. Dupuis, Colleen Whyte . 54329Ethical Considerations for Therapeutic RecreationResearch: A Call for GuidelinesNorma J. Stumbo, Melissa L. Zahl . 55730Perspective: Cross Collaboration in TherapeuticRecreation: Future ImplicationsFrederick P. Green, Tristan D. Hopper, Jerome F. Singleton . 579Index . onal-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
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AcknowledgmentsFirst, we thank the authors, who are truly what make this book a special contribution to our literature. Their intelligence and passion are so often overlookedbut sincerely appreciated. We especially thank Marcia Carter for spearheading twochapters to ensure their inclusion. We also want to give our many thanks to SusanDavis at Sagamore-Venture for her enduring patience and firm hand in bringingthis book to fruition. May every author and editor have this skilled an editor!I’d like to personally thank my sisters, Barbara A. Busch and Nancy L. Lockett,as well as Randy Duncan for being steadfast rocks in a tumultuous couple of years.Their grace and goodness endure.–Norma J. StumboTo Dave and Flo.I will forever be grateful for your support and guidance thatprovided the foundation for me to discover and pursue my passion.To Becky.Your patience, support, and faith give me the strength I need each day.You are the strongest woman I know and the best mother and wife on this planet.To Austyn Grace and Taylor Faith.You are two hearts that beat outside my chestand bring me more happiness that you can imagine; and remember, Wolfes neverquit.–Brent D. WolfeTo my daughter, Sarah. May you continue to draw upon the collective wisdomof the TR profession to teach some of your allied health peers in Australia a thing orthree about delivering good-quality, person-centered, health service offerings.–Shane onal-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
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PrefaceThe profession of therapeutic recreation has faced many challenges in recentyears and we are excited to bring together an incredibly diverse and knowledgeablerange of authors to intelligently and articulately present these issues. Change hasbecome such a commonplace element of our modern society that it is now truly acase of adapt, create, and innovate, or perish. The new edition draws upon theinsight and knowledge of those now leading the TR profession in seeking to betterplace the profession as a valuable health and human service offering and as a muchdesired career choice. We, therefore, welcome their valued contributions and especially their enthusiasm for what might yet be.This latest edition recognizes that the profession must continue to challengethe status quo and one another. Issues and ideas are not stagnant; they are foreverchanging, and the various sections and chapters of this edition will challenge thereader to conceptualize ideas from new perspectives and in new light. Readers areencouraged to wrestle with the ideas presented. Do not simply read them and filethe information away. Interact with the ideas. Discuss the ideas. Argue about theideas. Whatever you do, do not simply disregard an idea because it represents aviewpoint or perspective that is different from your personal philosophy related tothe profession. We challenge all readers to be drawn into the variety of topics, concepts, and perspectives presented in this volume so each can continue to personallygrow and enable the profession to continue to grow.Like the first two editions, this effort has four major sections: Introduction, Education, Practice, and Research. It is clear that these divisions are largely arbitrary, asevery practice issue affects every research issue, every education issue affects everypractice issue, and on and on. However, books require an organizational layout, andthese divisions appear to make sense. Each section begins with a Keynote chapteraimed at setting the stage for that particular section. Each section also ends with aPerspective chapter, largely an opinion or viewpoint piece to encourage readers tocontinue discussion on related issues.Five revised chapters and three new chapters comprise the Introduction section.The first chapter on competencies and outcomes by Stumbo and Pegg update thisinformation from the second edition. Kensinger provides an updated overview ofhow the history of the profession affects current issues. The impact of world demographics is outlined by Genoe, Hopper, and Singleton, while Porter, Van Puymbroeck, and McCormick discuss the World Health Organization’s International Classification system. Yang and Kim also updated information related to the ways inwhich therapeutic recreation is evolving worldwide. New to this edition, Mobilyvoices a unique take on the profession’s history, while Beck reviews the definition/philosophical debate that is a long and dominating thread of our history. ssional-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
Widmer and Duerden author a unique perspective of the place of CTRSs in corporations.In the second section on Education issues, McKenney and Van Puymbroeckopen with an apt analogy for the dilemma many TR educators face in higher education. Wilder, Carter, Zahl, Greenwood, and Stumbo update statistics on TR programs in North America, while Sklar and Autry refresh the chapter on accreditation. Two new chapters include one on online learning and teaching by Anderson,Heyne, and Thomas, and a second one concerning requiring a master’s degree forentry-level practice by Carter, Ashton, Hutchins, and Wolfe. Kinney, Kinney, Witman, and Malcarne round out the Education section with a renewed perspective oncurriculum standardization.Ten chapters make up the Practice section. Wolfe revisits the notion of TR beinga process, not a location. Ross and Snethen author a new chapter in this sectionon current trends in service delivery. Ross and Ashton refreshed their chapter onservice models, adding new models to their review. Pegg, Stumbo, and Bennett target the issue of evidence-based practice, while Richeson, Fitzsimmons, and Sardinaaddress the related issue of clinical practice guidelines. Stumbo and Kemeny updated issues surrounding client assessment, and Shank, McGovern, and Nichols takea new approach on professional advocacy via public policy. Hinton and Connollycontemporize the chapter on professional credentialing, while Zahl, Greenwood,Keogh Hoss, Wilder, and Carter refreshed the chapter on comparisons betweenhealth care and higher education. Craig brings the Education section to a close witha new perspective chapter on fieldwork experiences.The fourth and final section on Research has five revamped chapters and onenew chapter. Bedini kickstarts this section with a renewed review of the status ofTR research. Caldwell and Weybright talk about the continued importance of theory on practice and research. Widmer and Lundberg also expand their chapter onprogram evaluation and outcome research. Dupuis and Whyte contribute one of thenew chapters in this section, addressing the novel idea of research as a participatoryprocess. Stumbo and Zahl also add a new chapter on research ethics. Green, Hopper, and Singleton round out the section and the book with a call for greater crosscollaboration in TR research.Long-time readers may note that several chapters from the second edition arenot in this text. For the most part, these former authors chose not to refresh theirchapters due to personal reasons, such as retirement or job change, which preventedthem from authoring new chapters. When applicable, we encourage readers to referback to the second edition as needed, as we believe many of these chapters are stillrelevant.These 30 chapters represent the prime issues and challenges currently facing thefield. We wish to express our deep appreciation to every author who worked tirelessly to research, write, and revise his or her work. We owe them a huge debt, as doesthe field. We know they do it out of love for the field, and that is greatly appreciated.Thank you all for making this a great edition and addition to our professional-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
We hope that readers take the opportunity to read, reflect, question, debate, andtake part in moving the profession forward. We close this preface with these wordsfrom Eleanor Roosevelt: “The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty oftheir dreams.” May each reader be inspired and encouraged to get engaged and writea bright and robust future for our essional-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-ed
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About the AuthorsLynn S. Anderson, CTRS, CPRP, is a distinguished service professor in the Recreation, Parksand Leisure Studies Department at State University of New York at Cortland and the director of theInclusive Recreation Resource Center. Dr. Anderson is the program coordinator for the Therapeutic Recreation Online Graduate Certificate program at SUNY Cortland. The 18-credit certificate ofadvanced study is designed to provide therapeutic recreation academic coursework needed by practicing professionals to pursue career advancement or national certification. Graduate students in theonline program are from every geographic region in the U.S. and Canada. Dr. Anderson receivedher MS in outdoor recreation and park management from the University of Oregon and her PhD intherapeutic recreation from the University of Minnesota. She serves as associate editor or reviewerfor several journals in the field, including the Therapeutic Recreation Journal, and has written twotextbooks, including the text written with Dr. Linda Heyne titled Therapeutic Recreation Practice: AStrengths Approach. Dr. Anderson has worked in outdoor recreation, community recreation, andtherapeutic recreation settings, including work for several years as a recreation therapist at a regionalhealth facility and work with Wilderness Inquiry.Candace Ashton, PhD, LRT/CTRS, is a professor and the Coordinator of Recreation Therapy inthe School of Health and Applied Human Sciences at the University of North Carolina Wilmington.She practiced TR/RT in community and health care settings prior to her current roles in academia.She received her PhD from the University of Illinois, her MS from Florida State University, and herBA from the University in Florida, all in the area of TR. She has served as associate editor for theTherapeutic Recreation Journal, American Journal of Recreation Therapy, and Health Care for WomenInternational. She is a past president of the National Therapeutic Recreation Society and has servedon a number of national, state, and local boards. She was awarded the ATRA Scholarly AchievementAward in 2010, and is a fellow of the National Academy of Recreational Therapists.Cari E. Autry, PhD, CTRS, is a faculty member in the Recreational Therapy Program at FloridaInternational University. She received her doctorate degree in Health and Human Performance witha concentration in Therapeutic Recreation and a minor in Special Education from the Universityof Florida. She has presented at state, national, and international conferences related to therapeuticrecreation education, youth development, homelessness, community development, and social capital. Cari has published in journals such as the Therapeutic Recreation Journal, World Leisure Journal,Leisure Sciences, Sociology of Sport Journal, and Leisure/Loisir. She has also served as an associateeditor of the Therapeutic Recreation Journal for the past 10 years.Teresa M. Beck has a BS in Recreation Administration (emphasis in TR) from Indiana University,a MS in Leisure Services (emphasis in TR) from Florida State University, and a PhD in Higher Education Administration from University of North Texas. She currently holds the position of professorof Therapeutic Recreation and associate dean for the College of Health Professions at Grand ValleyState University in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She has served on NCTRC’s Exam Management Committee, NCTRC’s Board of Directors, including holding the position of board chair. She currentlyis vice-chair for the Committee on Accreditation of Recreational Therapy Education (CARTE). Dr.Beck has been and continues to be activity in the profession at the state and national ional-issues-therapeutic-recreation-3rd-edxv
Leandra A. Bedini, PhD, LRT/CTRS, is a professor and the Director of Undergraduate Studiesin the Department of Community and Therapeutic Recreation at the University of North Carolina atGreensboro where she has worked since 1992. She has practiced TR/RT in community, school, andhospital settings prior to her current roles in academia. She received her PhD from the University ofMaryland in 1986, her MA from Michigan State University in 1980, and her BS from East CarolinaUniversity in 1975. She has served as associate editor for the Therapeutic Recreation Journal and theAmerican Journal of Recreation Therapy, as well as been Coordinator of ATRA’s Research Institute.Her
È / i , i v Ì i ÌiÀ Ì ÃÃ wV Ì v Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) in Recreational Therapy Practice, Research,
Therapeutic Recreation (9 - 15 hours) CTR 633 - Professional Issues in Therapeutic Recreation (3) CTR 634 - Advanced Procedures in Therapeutic Recreation (3) CTR 637 - Advanced Interventions and Facilitation Techniques in Therapeutic Recreation (3) CTR 638 - Advanced Client Assessment in Therapeutic Recreation (3)
Therapeutic Recreation Program Undergraduate Handbook Page 2 of 18 2010-2011 Therapeutic Recreation at Temple University Therapeutic Recreation (TR) is an established discipline in health care and human services. The undergraduate curriculum in TR, which allows students to study to become recreation therapists,
The Master of Science in Therapeutic Recreation Program prepares students for certification as Therapeutic Recreation Specialists. Students learn to develop and implement treatment, leisure education, and recreation programs for individuals with special needs. Graduates are prepared to: Assess the need for therapeutic recreation intervention
TREC 1008 Professional Issues and Trends 42 TREC 1003 Summer TREC 1009 Organizational Leadership: Therapeutic Recreation 42 n/a Summer TREC 1010 Facilitative Techniques in Therapeutic Recreation 42 TREC 1002, & 1003 Fall TREC 1011 Research in Therapeutic Recreation 42 TREC 1003 Winter
Processes and techniques in Therapeutic Recreation: Theoretical and practical aspects of the procedures necessary for assessment, planning, implementation, management, and evaluation specific to therapeutic recreation services. Facilitation in Therapeutic Recreation: Various hands on and applicable facilitation techniques.
AIII.1 The following revisions are proposed for the Therapeutic Recreation, B.S. Name of Program and Degree Award: Therapeutic Recreation, B.S. Hegis Number: 2199 . Program Code: 34565 . . REC 425 Processes and Techniques of Therapeutic Recreation 3 . 9 credits in Recreation Internship: REC 370 Recreation Internship 4
Therapeutic Recreation Administration (Courses required in addition to Core) Emphasis (9 hours): REC 524-3 Professional Skills in Therapeutic Recreation REC 526-3 Seminar in Current Issues in Therapeutic Recreation REHB 470-3 Rehabilitation Administration OR REHB 573-3 Programming, Budgeting, and Community Resources OR
There is some degree of evidence of the use of therapeutic nursing interventions and general agreement on its meaning. Identified therapeutic instruments used by nurses in therapeutic interventions were: therapeutic letters, bathing and comforting care, humour, music, presence, mindfulness (cognitive therapy), therapeutic touch, .
