Strategic Research And Innovation Agenda For Ocean Energy
Strategic Researchand Innovation Agendafor Ocean EnergyMay 2020This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 826033.
LEAD AUTHORS:José Luis Villate, Pablo Ruiz-Minguela, Joannès Berque, TECNALIALotta Pirttimaa, Donagh Cagney, Ocean Energy EuropeCharlotte Cochrane, Henry Jeffrey, University of EdinburghDISCLAIMER:The content of this publication reflects the views of the Authors and not necessarily those of the European Union.No warranty of any kind is made in regards to this material.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:Valuable information and feedback were received from members of the ocean energy sector, and in particularthe ETIP Ocean Steering Committee and Technology Working Group.PHOTOGRAPHIC CONTENT:Images used with kind permission of the following organisations, not to be copied without their prior agreement:Andritz, AW Energy, Carnegie, CorPower Ocean, EMEC, Engie, GKinetic, EVE, Green Marine, Laminaria,Magallanes Renovables, Marine Power Systems, Minesto, Nova Innovation, Ocean Energy Ltd, IDOM, OrbitalMarine Power, Sabella, Seabased, SIMEC Atlantis Energy, Sustainable Marine Energy, Tocardo, Umbra Group,Wavepiston, Wedge Global.GRAPHIC DESIGN: JQ&ROS Visual CommunicationsCOVER PHOTO: Deployment of the PLAT-I tidal energy platform, courtesy of Sustainable Marine Energy
Strategic Researchand Innovation Agendafor Ocean EnergyThis Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for ocean energy outlines thepriority research, development and innovation challenges that must be focusedupon in the years ahead. The SRIA gives guidance to all funders of innovation– industry, EU, national and regional – by presenting concrete research andinnovation actions that will allow ocean energy to meet its SET Plan targets.3
Table of contentsForeword . 6Executive summary . 71. Ocean energy for a 100% decarbonised Europe.101.1 European Green Deal .102. Ocean Energy Opportunities and Needs.142.1 A sea of innovative solutions .142.2 Progress to date .172.2.1 Tidal stream .172.2.2 Wave .202.2.3 Other ocean energy technologies.233. Ocean energy achieving ambitious cost reduction.244. Public funding will leverage private investment.265. Description of Challenge Areas.305.1 Design and Validation of Ocean Energy Devices.325.1.1 Demonstration of ocean energy devices to increase experiencein real sea condition.345.1.2 Demonstration of ocean energy pilot farms.355.1.3 Improvement and Demonstration of PTO and control systems.375.1.4 Application of innovative materials from other sectors.385.1.5 Development of novel wave energy devices.395.1.6 Improvement of tidal blades and rotor.405.1.7 Development of other ocean energy technologies.415.2 Foundations, connection and mooring.425.2.1 Advanced mooring and connection systems for floating ocean energy devices.435.2.2 Improvement and demonstration of foundations andconnection systems for bottom-fixed ocean energy devices.445.3 Logistics and Marine Operations.455.3.1 Optimisation of maritime logistics and operations.464Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Ocean Energy
5.3.2 Instrumentation for condition monitoring and predictive maintenance.475.4 Integration in the Energy System.485.4.1 Developing and demonstrating near-commercial applicationof ocean energy in niche markets.495.4.2 Quantifying and demonstrating grid-scale benefits of ocean energy.505.5 Data Collection & Analysis and Modelling Tools.515.5.1 Marine observation, modelling and forecasting to optimise designand operation of ocean energy devices.525.5.2 Open-data repository for ocean energy.535.6 Cross-cutting Challenges.545.6.1 Improved knowledge of the environmentaland socioeconomic impacts of ocean energy.555.6.2 Standardisation and certification.566. Future Outlook.57References . 58Acronyms . 60Definitions . 61Annex: Prioritisation Methodology .62Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Ocean Energy5
ForewordFiona BuckleyChair of the ETIP Ocean Steering CommitteeSenior Expert and Project Manager, ENGIEI am delighted to present to you the 2020 Strategic Researchand Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for Ocean Energy.Ocean energy has made remarkable progress in recent years.A record quantity of capacity has been installed and neverbefore-seen volumes of power have been produced. We nowmeasure produced electricity in GWh instead of MWh.Ocean energy will play a key role in the future energy mix.With vast and varied resources, different technologies areneeded to harness ocean energy in different markets acrossEurope and worldwide. Be it low currents, strong tides, largeor small waves, ocean energy will meet the needs of a diversified and decentralised future energy system.This SRIA is the result of a comprehensive analysis of the technological improvements needed in the coming years. It buildson the achievements of the past and carves out the sector’spath to industrialisation. For the first time, system integrationof ocean energy arrays is identified as a priority. This highlightsthe sector’s readiness to enter the market at a larger scale.The European Commission recognises this potential andwill present an Offshore Renewable Energy Strategy (whichincludes ocean energy) to accelerate the development of thesector. I commend the Commission for its continuing beliefin ocean energy. With this far-sighted support, the Europeanocean energy sector will maintain its leadership at a globalscale and maximise the benefits for European citizens.Technological push should be coupled with market pull mechanisms such as revenue support, to enable demonstrationsand first pre-commercial farms. These projects will dramatically bring down costs and unlock private investment. Thesecost reductions are needed to reach the SET Plan targets of 10ct /kWh, which is a waypoint to even further cost reductions.On behalf of the ETIP Ocean Steering Committee, I wouldlike to thank the ETIP Ocean team and members of the Technology Working Group for their efforts and expertise. Theyhave brought together the whole ocean energy sector in aunited knowledge-sharing community.6Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Ocean Energy
Executive summaryOcean energy is part of the solutionto decarbonise EuropeElectricity production in 2050 will need to be emissions-free,low cost and flexible. To reach that objective, we will needdemand-side management, storage and most importantly,all flexible renewables at our disposal – whether establishedalready or still innovative today.Europe’s ocean energy resource is considerable. By 2050,ocean energy can deliver 100GW of capacity – equivalent to10% of Europe’s electricity consumption today.Flexible and predictable, ocean energy complements variable renewables such as wind or solar, that will dominateEurope’s electricity system in 2050. Ocean energy will play animportant role in smoothing production peaks and balancingEurope’s electricity grid.By 2050, the ocean energy sector will employ 400,000 Europeans, ensuring a just transition to a decarbonised economy.Europe’s technological advantage in ocean energy will ensureEuropean companies a large share of a strong global market,as they do on offshore wind.RD&I funding will deliver vitalprogress across all stages ofdevelopmentOcean energy technologies have reached different stages intheir development: Wave energy is at full-scale prototype stage Tidal energy is already at demonstration stage with firstpilot farms OTEC and salinity gradient are at R&I stage, and tidal rangecan be rolled out.For each of these stages, this Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda (SRIA) identifies the main ‘Challenge Areas’ thatwill deliver the greatest cost reductions. For each ChallengeArea, a number of ‘Priority Topics’ are presented, identifyingwhat the ocean energy sector should work on during thenext period of 4-5 years – see Table 1.With zero carbon emissions, ocean energy will help tackleclimate change and achieve a cleaner, more sustainable andmore prosperous Europe.Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Ocean Energy7Photo:Wavepiston
Table 1. Challenge Areas and Priority Topics for ocean energy research, development and innovation.DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF OCEAN ENERGY DEVICESDemonstration of ocean energy devices to increase experience in real sea conditionsDemonstration of ocean energy pilot farmsImprovement and demonstration of PTO and control systemsApplication of innovative materials from other sectorsDevelopment of novel wave energy devicesImprovement of tidal blades and rotorFOUNDATIONS, CONNECTIONS AND MOORINGAdvanced mooring and connection systems for floating ocean energy devicesImprovement and demonstration of foundations and connection systems for bottom-fixed ocean energy devicesLOGISTICS AND MARINE OPERATIONSOptimisation of maritime logistics and operationsInstrumentation for condition monitoring and predictive maintenanceINTEGRATION IN THE ENERGY SYSTEMDeveloping and demonstrating near-commercial application of ocean energy in niche marketsQuantifying and demonstrating grid-scale benefits of ocean energyDATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS AND MODELLING TOOLSMarine observation and modelling to optimise design and operation of ocean energy deviceOpen-data repository for ocean energyCROSS-CUTTING CHALLENGESImprovement of the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of ocean energyStandardisation and certification8Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Ocean Energy
SRIA: targeting the actionswhich will bring the greatest costreductionsOcean energy projects are already showing drastic costreductions: according to the European Commission’s JointResearch Centre, tidal stream reduced its LCOE by morethan 40% in the last three years. The SRIA actions will furtherlower the LCOE towards competitive levels and will allow thesector to meet its SET Plan targets1.Design & validation of devicesGiven the harsh sea conditions within which ocean energydevices must operate and survive, robust technology mustbe designed and validated. Demonstration of ocean energydevices and pilot farms in real sea conditions for long periodsof time are crucial in validating the technology and achievinghigh TRLs. Focusing on one or several key sub-systems is anoption. This will significantly improve the overall reliability,energy yield, availability, operating cost and lifetime costsof complete ocean energy systems. This will then demonstrate cost-effectiveness, reduce risks and attract investorsfor future commercial projects.Foundations, connections and mooringTo reduce operation time at sea and underwater, rapidconnection and disconnection of mooring lines and foundations are needed. Foundations and moorings must also beable to survive heavy loads for a long period of time – up to20 years depending on the lifetime of the device. For safeand efficient electricity transmission, power connectionsmust be sea-tested and reliable. All of these improvementswill help reduce both CAPEX and OPEX.1Marine operationsDevices must be easily accessible by the workforce, meaningthey should be installed and maintained with minimal risk topersonnel. This calls for tailored logistics and marine operations. Demonstration projects will generate valuable learnings and improve logistics and marine operations. This will inturn reduce the cost of installation, maintenance and decommissioning for upcoming commercial projects.System integrationOcean energy devices have the potential to serve as aflexibility mechanism for a future grid based on variable windand solar. Evaluating ocean energy’s system-balancing benefits in both national and smaller grids will pave the way tointegrating ocean energy farms into the future Europeanenergy system.Public funding will leverage privateinvestmentEven at this early technological stage, much of the investment comes from the sector itself. Nevertheless, publicfunding is needed to reduce investors’ risks and progress thetechnology towards a commercial product. Fully funding theinnovation actions identified in this SRIA at EU and nationallevel can leverage about 335m of additional private investment. SRIA actions will advance the technology and bring thesector closer to a place where private investment becomesthe primary driver.Financial instruments, including revenue support, also needto be in place to support demonstration and pre-commercial projects. Together with those instruments and the technology improvements brought by the SRIA, ocean energy willsoon reach industrialisation.10 ct /kWh for tidal by 2030, for wave by 2035.Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Ocean Energy9
1. Ocean energy for a 100%decarbonised EuropePhoto: Andritz1.1 European Green DealDecarbonisation between now and 2050 will fundamentallytransform European society. This is why President of theCommission Ursula von der Leyen's European Green Dealgoes beyond just technology changes.treat our fellow citizens, and work in harmony with our environment. Ocean energy can help deliver a cleaner, more prosperous, more equal and more sustainable world than the onewe live in today.The Green Deal will radically change the way we power ourhomes, manage our electricity systems, create prosperity,The conclusion is clear: ocean energy will help power theEuropean Green Deal.10Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Ocean Energy
Ocean energy will be an effective focus of stimulus spending,once the 2020 health crisis has passed. The sector’s beneficialimpact on exports, jobs, SME activity, technological leadershipand innovation-based growth will help re-ignite the Europeaneconomy. Both industrial centres and peripheral regions willfeel the benefit.Developing new forms of renewable energy that balance Europe’s future electricity grid will boost productivity and deliver longer-term economic growth – all while still helpingachieve the original objectives of the Green Deal.Offshore RenewableStrategyThe ocean energy sectoris ready for large-scaledevelopment. It will bringgrid-balancing benefits andhelp Europe decarbonise itselectricity system.Just TransitionOcean energy creates jobsin coastal regions that havesuffered from the decline oftraditional industries suchas shipbuilding or fishingBiodiversity StrategyOcean energy technologieswill function in harmonywith marine wildlife andwith little or no visualimpact.Industrial StrategyEuropean companies leadthe world in ocean energy.They have the potential todominate the high-valueglobal market and keepEurope sustainable andcompetitive.Ocean Energy:Powering the EuropeanGreen DealSME StrategyMost ocean energycompanies are innovativeSMEs that contribute to aclimate-neutral & sociallysustainable economy.Climate LawRenewable ocean energyhelps the EU reachthe target of net zerogreenhouse gas emissionsby 2050.Circular Economy ActionDevelopments in oceanenergy will respect thecircular economy perspectivein the design of technologiesthroughout lifecycles.Figure 1. Examples of how ocean energy will help deliver in all areas of the Green Deal.Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Ocean Energy11
Ocean energy will deliver large volumes of the renewableenergy that Europe needs100GWCapacity10% of Europe’selectricity consumptionA decarbonised Europe will be a more electrified Europe.Renewable electricity will be used to decarbonise largechunks of the transport, industry and heating/cooling sectors.The European Commission sees electricity generation at leastdoubling by 2050 in most scenarios. In some scenarios theincrease is even higher2. Solar and wind will play a key role,but other renewables are needed to help balance the grid.Ocean energy can deliver 100 GW of capacity by 2050 –equivalent to 10% of Europe’s electricity consumption today– all along the Atlantic coast from Portugal to Norway, alongthe Baltic sea and the periphery of the Mediterranean. Withalmost 45% of Europe’s citizens living in coastal regions3,ocean energy can be readily delivered where it is needed.Ocean energy sector is led by European companiesEuropean companies lead the world in ocean energy. In tidalstream, the world’s first offshore array is located in Europe, asis the world’s largest tidal array, and the world’s largest tidalturbine. In wave energy, Europe remains the world leaderwith the largest amount of full-scale wave energy devices and1,250 kW of capacity installed per year since 2010.Europe has a chance to consolidate this lead and dominate anew global high-value market.European companiesWorld leader in tidal streamand wave energyOcean energy will help deliver a just transitionEurope’s decarbonisation efforts must benefit all segmentsof society. Ocean energy can create 400,000 jobs by 2050,all along the supply chain and across Europe. These jobs arecreated at a local level, revitalising the coastal communities that historically served for shipbuilding, fishing and theoil and gas sector. They are also created where the supplychain is, in countries such as Austria, Germany, Sweden andthe Czech Republic.EUROGREENOcean energy can create400,000 jobsby 2050Ocean energy wo
priority research, development and innovation challenges that must be focused upon in the years ahead. The SRIA gives guidance to all funders of innovation – industry, EU, national and regional – by presenting concrete research and innovation actions that will allow ocean energy to meet its SET Plan targets.
Strategic reSearch & innovation agenda u exeCUtiVe sUmmary 8 executive SuMMary aviation: innovation for the benefit of society ACARE has developed a strategic research and innova-tion agenda (SRIA) to meet the challenging goals set by Flightpath 2050. Research and innovation in aviation is the key to tomorrow’s mobility and prosperity as well as
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