Guiding Questions Olmecs
1/27/2012MesoamericanCivilization OriginsOlmec1500 BCE – 200 CEMesoamerican and AndeanCivilizationsAztecs, Maya, and IncaGuiding Questions1. How did prior civilizations influence theAztecs, Maya, and Incas?2. How were the major political, economic,social, and cultural developments of theAztecs, Maya, and Inca similar and different?Olmecs Called “Cult of the Jaguar” City state government thatunited for religiouscelebrations under theauthority of aPriest/shaman Dirt and clay pyramids usedfor political power andreligious ceremoniesColossal miller/3250/03olmec/aolmec2.html#PHOTO%20GALLERY:1
1/27/2012Olmec Religion: Polytheist nature worship shaman ruled, claimed toshape-change, controlnature (rain, sun, crops), fly,killing enemies from adistance, and bear off-springeven though they are men. Jaguars seen as magicalanimals and shamen claimedto shape shift into them foundation of later Mayacivilization.Olmec Influence on the Mayans Maize Ceremonial centers withtemple pyramids Calendar based on theOlmec one Ball games Rituals involving humansacrificeAgriculture Maize Domesticated 3000BCE Major staplecrop inMesoamerica Also domesticated cotton,cacao, feathers, pelts, woods,rubberSome say this represents dynasty – the child isemerging and representing the heir to the throneOlmec Art: Jade SculptureOlmec La VentaPyramidJade AxeWere-JaguarMost of what is left ofancient Mesoamericancivilization has beenswallowed by ALLERY:2
1/27/2012Chichen-Itza - PyramidPre-ColumbianCivilizationsHow did the construction of these hugebuildings reflect the Mayan feelings towardtheir gods?If someone finds Mount Rushmore many yearsafter the decline of the United states, what willthey think about us?Chichen-Itza - Ball CourtThe Maya Mayan civilization stretched from what is nowsouthern Mexico to El Salvador Cities are supported by trade and agriculture Nobles rank highest, followed by merchants,artisans, and peasantsMayan GlyphsThe YucatanPeninsulaskykinghousechildcityMayan MathematicsLands of theMayans3
1/27/2012Mayan GlyphsAztecs The valley of Mexico provides a fertile homefor several powerful cultures Teotihuacan becomes a major city-state andtrade center The Toltecs rise to power Aztecs settle in the valley of Mexico and foundthe city of Tenochtitlan The Triple Alliance takes over Mexico 402Mayan ReligionLands of the Aztecs Mayans worship many gods and create elaboraterituals Mayan calendars, math, and astronomy supporttheir religious practices 398 Their written language is preserved in stonecarvings and a few remaining books– Glyphs– Calendar he God of Wisdom & Learning4
1/27/2012The Codex MendozaChinampa History of the Aztecrulers and theirconquests List of the tribute paidby the conquered, Description of dailyAztec life In traditional Aztecpictograms with Spanishexplanations andcommentaryAztec WritingOrigins in theToltec languagefamily stillspoken by a halfmillion peopletodayAztecGoldAztec Math"floating gardens“ chinampas wereartificial islandsMath and Astronomy: Measuring Time The way in which a culture measures timereflects the needs of that society A reliable method of keeping time is neededto predict natural phenomena, synchronizeactivities, or hold rituals on specific dates Cultures use a variety of ways to measuretime, including calendars, sundials, clocks, andwatches5
1/27/2012ReligionAztec Decline Polytheistic Many Temples based onastronomy for worship,agricultural planning and sacrifice Each holiday included ceremoniesinvolving humansacrifice/cannibalism Fatalistic and cyclical view of theworldHeart Sacrificeon an Aztec TemplePyramid During the time ofMontezuma, the empirebegins to weaken– The growth of the empirerequired more sacrifices andtribute the demand formore made people mad andled to unrest and rebellion– 1520-1521 Smallpox killsabout half of the remainingpopulationThis will be gross.Lands ofthe IncasThe Inca settled inthe valley of Cuzco,establishing an 11family royal lineageMachu PicchuSocial Large gap between upper/lower classes Role of Women – decide fate of prisoners,domestic chores (grinding maize), caninherit land Common people in constant fear ofwar/sacrifice/slavery6
1/27/2012EconomyIncan Rulers Agriculturally based– terrace farming– different crops based on location and altitude Lots of labor/workers necessary for transport ofgoods Excellent Roads/infrastructure for transfer of goodsfrom coastal desert to jungle to mountain villages Trade from different regions provided lots of differentfood to eat Domesticated and bred hundreds of varieties ofpotatoes, tomatoes, peppers They believe theIncan ruler isdescended fromthe sun god The Inca conquera vast territory,using militarypower and wisediplomacyIncan Terrace FarmingGovernment The Inca create a central bureaucracy to ruletheir empire They build cities and roads to unify the empireand create a state-run economy– 14,000 miles of roads and bridges– Chasquis traveled the roads as mail carriers The Inca develop calendars and accountingmethods but not a written languageThe Quipu – An Incan DatabaseReligion Religious tolerance butmust worship Incan gods Polytheistic, sun god ismost important Human sacrifice rare Great Inca – emperor,descendant of the sun godNo written language7
1/27/2012Gold &SilverDiscord in the Empire The Incan ruler dies and his sons launch a civilwar to determine who will rule When the Spanish arrive, they are able todivide and conquer the Inca Empire– Where have we seen this before?– What does divide and conquer actually mean?– Remember what the Belgians did to the Hutu andthe Tutsi?What do we know?Compare the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan religion,government, and culture to determine thesimilarities and differences.AchievementsOlmecMayaIncaAztec(until 1200 BC)(250 AD to 900)(1200 AD to 1572)(1400 AD to 1521) Stone temples Carved statues Number system Calendar system Writing system Corn, tomatoes,squash, cocoa, cotton Irrigation ditches Formed cities, tradedgoods Temples andcourtyards Calendar with 365days in a year Terrace farming Mined gold/silver Thousands of milesof roads Palaces with gardensand running water Tenochtitlán Written language Knew mathematics8
Compare the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan religion, government, and culture to determine the similarities and differences. Achievements Olmec (until 1200 BC) Maya (250 AD to 900) Inca (1200 AD to 1572) Aztec (1400 AD to 1521) Stone temples Carved statues Number system Calendar syst
in an area known as Mesoamerica The Olmecs are often called the “mother culture” because they influenced other Mesoamerican societies . The Olmecs developed a strong The Olmecs trade network in Mesoamerica
The mother theory more so the traditional view continued to argue that the Olmecs had helped stimulate Mesoamerica with new complex social developments. Sister culture advocates remain true to their convictions proclaiming that it was not just the Olmecs but a mixture of regional tribes that helped progre
The Mother Culture of Mexico: The Olmecs The beginning of the Olmec culture was established in southeastern Mexico, in the states of Veracruz, Oazaca, and Tabasco, between the Grijalva and Papaloapa Rivers. Some place the Olmec civilization around 1200 B.C. or p
A number system base on the number 20 writing system Forms of sacrifice . Olmecs Pre-Classic 1500 B.C.E to 200 C.E. Olmecs spoke possibly a “Mayan” tongue Ceremonial Centers: San Lorenzo, La Venta, Tres Zapotes Worship: Jaguar revered as the supreme god . 1
ILA Guiding Questions: Guidelines for Leadership Education Programs, Page 3 of 31 Guiding Questions can be used in tandem with other professional standards or guidelines.For example, Guiding Questions can be used to supplement or inform accreditation standards and self- studies. Two resources of particular value in th
The Digital Guiding Principles (DGPs) are based on an extensive analysis of existing alcohol-specific marketing self-regulation codes. These Digital Guiding Principles complement the ICAP Guiding Principles by providing guidance specifically dedicated to digital marketing communications. The two documents should therefore be read in conjunction.
Special Representative annexed the Guiding Principles to his inal report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/17/31), which also includes an introduction to the Guiding Principles and an overview of the process that led to their development. The Human Rights Council endorsed the Guiding Principles in its resolution 17/4 of 16 June 2011.
I am My Brother’s Keeper (2004) As our New Year’s celebration draws near, I once again find myself pondering the enigmatic story that our tradition places before us at this time—the story of the Binding of Isaac. Once again, I walk for those three long days with father Abraham and ponder the meaning of his journey with his son to the mountain. And once again, I find fresh meaning in the .
