Always Changing & Growing Up - FCPS

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Always changing &growing upAlways Changing Boy’s Guide

Questionsabout puberty?Try talking with your dad or with another adult you trust, like your olderbrother, grandfather, uncle, mom, coach, doctoror nurse.Asking questions about “private stuff” isn’t always easy,but here are some tips that might help:Remember, it’s normal to feel awkward or embarrassed. If your dad seems busy, just say, “There’s something I’dlike to ask you about when you have time.” This way youwon’t keep putting off the discussion.You don’t have to learn everything at once. One questionat a time is a great way to start. Show your dad or other trusted adult this booklet, and askhim to look through it with you.2ContentsWhat’s happening?4Growing up and out6Feeling good in your skin10Healthy hair12No sweat!14The way it works16Glossary223

What’shappening?New words?Puberty for boys usually startsbetween the ages of 10 and 17,This is a booklet about growing up.and lasts for a few years.Now that you’re growing up, you’llEveryone is different, though, andprobably notice that your body isit doesn’t matter when you startThis booklet will tell you aboutchanging in all sorts of ways. You’ll– your body will decide when theall the changes to expect duringnotice changes in the way you look andtime is right.puberty. It will also answer manyalso in the way you feel. This is becauseyou’re going through a stage calledpuberty. This is an exciting time – it’swhen you start to change from being aboy to becoming a man.4All the words in orangebold type are defined inthe glossary on pages22 and 23.of the questions you might want’tDonworryto ask. Just remember that pubertyis a normal and healthy part oflife – and it happens to everyone!These changes won’t suddenlyhappen overnight. You’ll noticethat some happen quickly, butothers take place slowly overa few years.5

Growing up & outPuberty starts when a gland just beneath the front of your brain – thepituitary gland – sends a signal for your body to start making some specialchemicals. One of these chemicals – or hormones – is called testosterone,and it is produced in your testicles. Testosterone is responsible for manyof the changes that are beginning to happen. Females have a differenthormone responsible for their body changes. It’s called estrogen.You’ll know you are starting to go through puberty when you suddenly start togrow taller. You will also notice that your muscles will develop, your chest willbecome broader, and you’ll probably start to gain weight. Don’t worry if yourfriends seem to be growing more quickly than you. You’ll soon catch up.Don’tworrySome of these changes don’t soundlike a great deal of fun – who wantsbody odor, oily hair and pimples?But they are all normal, and can bemanaged with good hygiene habits.Remember, your body is your responsibility. Treat it with respect.6Boys go through manychanges during puberty.The main ones are:Your body grows taller. Your muscles develop and your chestgets broader. Your body may sweat more and you willdevelop body odor. Your hair may become more oily. Your skin may become oily and pimplesmay develop. Hair starts to grow under your arms, on your legs,in the pubic area around the base of your penis,on your face and sometimes on your chest. Your voice begins to sound deeper and may “crack”as you talk. Your penis and testicles become biggerand sperm begins to be produced.How do I get my parents to accept that I’malmost an adult?Even preteens feel grown up, so you may resent thefact that your parents still see you as a child. Whenyou disagree with them about being ready for newresponsibilities, talking honestly with them aboutyour disagreement is the only way to resolve it.Puberty can be difficult for parents, too. Be patientas you prove you’re ready for more responsibility,and negotiate with your parents for more freedom.7

Body growthIs it normal to put on weight during puberty?Definitely. An adult man has a broader and more muscularbody than a young boy. Puberty is not a good time to limitthe amount of food you eat. You are meant to put onweight during puberty because your body is growing. Aslong as you eat healthy and stay active, there shouldn’tbe any need to worry about your weight. You are likely toput on more weight than your body needs only if you eattoo many fatty and sugary foods and don’t get enoughexercise.Help – I think I’m growing breasts.Don’t worry, you’re not turning into a girl. It’s normalfor boys to have some swelling around the breasts andnipples. This area can also feel a bit sore. It won’t lastfor long and will soon go away.Why do some parts of the body mature morequickly than others?Growth of the testicles is typically the earliest signof puberty, but body changes can occur in a differentorder and still be normal. There’s also a widerange of individual differences in the growthfeet, hands,of other parts of the body – feeshoulders,shoulder legs, etc. Many different growthpatterns are normal; everybody – and everybody – is unique.8How tall will I be?It’s difficult to predict, but height isusually determined by heredity – howtall your parents and grandparents are.If both parents are tall, chances are youwill be tall. If both parents are short, youmay be shorter. But this is not always true –everybody is different. Occasionally, a boywill continue to grow or get another growthspurt in his late teens.Does a lot of body hair mean you havemore testosterone?No, testosterone is the hormone that starts thebody hair growing. How much hair you haveis determined by your racial/ethnic group andheredity.VoiceAs you mature, your voice will deepen. Youmay experience your voice “cracking” orchanging pitch in mid-sentence. That’sbecause your vocal cords are growingand changing justlike the restof you.Don’tworryIf you have somequestions, it’s alwaysgood to talk to someone.The best person isprobably your dad oryour mom. But if youdon’t feel comfortabletalking to them, chooseanother older personyou trust – an uncle, afriend’s parent, a teacheror coach, a school nurse.You could also talk to anolder brother or friendsat school, if they’vealready experiencedsome of the changes ofpuberty themselves.9

Feeling goodin your skinDuring puberty the oil glands in your skin becomemore active, producing excess amounts of an oilysubstance called sebum. Skin care is especiallyimportant during this time.Body hair, facialhair and shavingAcne – What is it?Acne (“pimples”) is a natural occurrence. Itstarts when the skin’s pores become blockedwith dead skin cells and sebum, which slowsdown or stops the flow of sebum to the skinsurface. Bacteria can then develop in theclogged pore, causing a pimple.Doctors describe acne as: Mild – A few pimples on the face, back or chest.Most teenagers usually experience this type ofacne. It can be treated with products bought froma supermarket or pharmacy. Moderate – Around 20 to 60 small- to medium-sizepimples over the face, back or chest. It can betreated by a family doctor. Severe – This type of acne is rare and is treated bya family doctor or specialist (dermatologist).10Tips ‘n’ TricksFor taking care of your skin: H elp prevent acne by establishing atwice-daily cleansing routine witha medicated acne wash or cleanser. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. T ake good care of your generalhealth and well-being. D on’t squeeze, pick or pop pimples.This can make them worse andcause scarring. B e patient. Don’t expect acne todisappear overnight.Hair will start to growunder your arms, onyour legs, in the pubic area aroundthe base of your penis, on your faceand perhaps on your chest. At somepoint you’ll probably want to startshaving the hair on your face, butthat will be your decision.Some men like to shave off thefine hair that grows first. Othersprefer to wait until the hairbecomes darker and thicker. Itmay be some time before you’llneed to shave every day.When will I shave?It depends on how soon yourfacial hair appears and how thick itbecomes, as well as your personalpreference. Generally, heavy facialhair doesn’t develop until later inpuberty, maybe not until you’re 16or older.11

Did you know? W e have about 5 million hairs all over our body –HealthyhairJust as you look after yourskin, you should also lookafter your hair and scalp. Healthy hair is all aboutchoosing the right hair care products – and usingthem right.Nourish and protect your hairDevelop a routine for taking care of your hair, justas you do for your skin. It’s simple: just use a goodshampoo, followed by a conditioner, every time youwash your hair. A good shampoo not only cleans your hair, itcan also help protect your hair from damageand can nourish it too. A conditioner untangles your hair and makesit easier to manage. It can also help keep itmoisturized and protect it from damage.and 100,000 hairs on our head. H air grows more during the day than at night –and more in summer than in winter. M ost people lose between 50 and 150 hairs fromtheir head every day. I f hair were not replaced as it is shed, we’d becompletely bald in 1,000 days.Tips for healthy hair: Shampooing is good for your hair because ithelps remove deposits, such as dirt, sebumand styling products. Shampoo your hair regularly (daily if you wantto) instead of using soap. Shampoos are madespecifically to clean hair. If your hair looksor feels dirty between shampoos, you mayneed to shampoo more often. M assage conditioner into your hair with yourfingertips, so the conditioner can spreadthroughout your hair. This will help keep yourhair healthy looking and strong. If you’re a young African-American man, yourhair may tend to be dry and delicate. Youcan protect your hair by shampooing andconditioning it less often, and styling it gentlywith a wide-tooth comb.12 If your hair is cut very short, use a sunscreenon your scalp or wear a hat to protect againstthe harmful effects of the sun.13

Nosweat!There are four different kinds of products:Another body change during puberty is that yoursweat glands produce more sweat (perspiration).Perspiration is normal and important – it helpsyour body regulate its temperature.You have two different kinds of sweat glands.The first type – eccrine glands – produce perspirationthat is clear and odorless. These glands start workingat birth. The second type – apocrine glands – becomeactive only when you start puberty. They produce adifferent kind of perspiration that can smellunpleasant when it comes in contact with bacteriaon the skin.PoresHair ShaftsEpidermisSebaceous GlandDermisEccrine GlandSubcutaneousTissue14Apocrine GlandA lot of apocrine glands are located under yourarms, so many people use underarm deodorantsor anti-perspirants to control the smell.Underarm deodorants counteract odorand help you smell good.Anti-perspirants reduce perspirationand underarm wetness to help preventodor before it starts. Deodorants/Anti-perspirants do the job of both adeodorant AND an anti-perspirant. Bodysprays, with cologne-like fragrances youcan apply to your body, help you smellgood everywhere.Wash regularly —especially after exercise!To stay looking and feeling yourbest, take a bath or shower atleast once a day. Any time youget sweaty, you should bathemore often. For odor protection,use body wash or soap. Thengrab some clean clothes (bodyodor stays on clothes) and applydeodorant to help keep bodyodor away. If you are concernedabout underarm wetness, trya deodorant/anti-perspirantthat not only fights odor butwetness, too.Did youknow? Females have moreapocrine glands thanmales. All your eccrine glandsworking at maximumoutput could produceabout 10.5 quarts ofperspiration a day! You have about 2.5million sweat glands allover your body, excepton your lips and ears.15

The wayit worksThe reason you have a reproductive system is because itprovides the sperm needed to fertilize a female’s egg,which then can grow to be a baby. During puberty thelevels of the hormone testosterone in your body beginto rise. This causes your penis and testicles to get biggerand the testicles to produce sperm. The testicles cannotmake sperm before puberty.Sperm are the male reproductive cells, in thesame way that the eggs inside a woman arethe female reproductive cells. (The sperm andthe egg need to meet to make a baby.) Spermlook like tadpoles, with what appear to be ahead and a tail.Sperm are made in the testicles – which hangoutside your body in a sac (scrotum) justbeneath your penis.The testicles make a lotof sperm – about 1,000 sperm per second.Sperm are stored in the epididymis, whichis the tube you can feel at the back of eachtesticle.16Sperm are damaged or killed by heat.Because of this, the penis and scrotum hangoutside your body to keep the sperm coolerthan your body temperature. If you becomecold, you may notice that your penis andscrotum shrink. They are drawing themselvesBladderSperm ductOne of twoseminal vesiclesPenisProstate glandUrethraAnusForeskinScrotumEpididymisOne of two testiclescloser to your body to keep warm. When you are hot,they will hang loose, away from your body.Sperm are released from the testicles and epididymisand move through the sperm ducts toward the penis.Along the way, sperm mix with fluidso they can move more easily. TheOne of your testicles maysperm and this fluid are now calledbe higher than the other.semen. It is whitish and sticky. Thesperm are too tiny to see – a drop ofThis is normal. No one is perfectlysemen the size of the period at thethe same on both sides. Generallyend of this sentence would containthe right one is slightly highermore than 1,000 sperm.than the left one.Semen leaves the penis through theurethra. This is the tube that runs through themiddle of your penis. Urine also leaves the bodythrough the urethra, but never at the same timeas semen.17

ErectionsWhen a boy or man is sexually excited, or sometimes forno reason at all, his penis becomes harder and standsaway from his body. This is called an erection.Do men stop having erections when they get older?No. Healthy males of all ages, from babies to old men, canget erections. The difference is that only after pubertydo males produce sperm and semen. Then they producesperm for the rest of their lives.Why does it get hard?It gets hard because the blood vessels in the penis fillwith blood when you get excited. It doesn’t have anymuscles in it, which is why you can’t move it around verymuch. You can get an erection any time your penis istouched or rubbed, you have happy or exciting thoughts,or if you see someone attractive. There are lots of causesfor erections, even if you aren’t thinking aboutgirls or sex. You can get an erection for noreason at all, even when you don’t want tohave one, which might take you by surprise!You might notice aridge down the back of each testicle.This is normal. What you feel is the epididymiswhere the sperm is stored. There is an epididymisdown the back of each testicle. If you find anyother lumps, you should visit your doctor to geta full checkup.18But don’t worry –The average ejaculationit’s the same forgenerally contains more thanall boys and men.40 million sperm.And don’t worrythat someone willnotice – erections arenot as noticeable as you think. Try to ignore theerection, and it will go away on its own.Does it matter what size your penis is?Not at all! Penises do vary in length and shape fromperson to person, but not as much as you may think.Remember, the size of your penis has nothing to dowith how manly you are or whether you can becomea father.What is circumcision?This minor surgical procedure, usually performed soonafter birth, removes all or part of the foreskin of thepenis. The operation is not usually considered medicallynecessary, but often it is performed for religious orcultural reasons, or because it makes it easier tokeep the penis clean. To help prevent the growthof bacteria, uncircumcised boys and men shouldwash under the foreskin every day.EjaculationSometimes semen spurts out of the penis.This is called an ejaculation. It happens whenmuscles at the base of the penis start toexpand and contract (tighten). This pushesthe semen through the urethra and outthrough the tip of the penis. But thiswon’t happen every time you havean erection.19

Wet dreamsSometimes you can ejaculate when you are asleep.This is called a nocturnal emission, more commonlyknown as a “wet dream. ” It happens without youknowing about it, and it’s not necessarily because youare dreaming about sex. You may notice that yourpajamas or sheets feel wet or sticky when you wakeup. This is nothing to worry about – most boys havewet dreams.I have been having wet dreams for a while now.Will they ever stop?You will experience wet dreams less frequently afteryour body has gone through puberty. Generally, as yougrow older, you will have more controlover your body. Some boys experiencewet dreams regularly, while othershave very few. It is nothing toworry about.20When do I need to wear a jockstrap?This is a personal decision. As your body changes, you may bemore comfortable with an athletic supporter when you swim orparticipate in other sports. In some sports, boys and men weara plastic cup to protect their genitals. It can be very painfulto be hit on the penis and testicles. Check with a parent, yourcoach, or a physical education teacher if you have questions.What is“jock itch”?Jock itch is a skin infectioncaused by a fungus. Itssymptoms can include a scaly,itchy rash in the genital area.To help avoid jock itch, wearclean cotton underwear andloose-fitting pants. Don’t useanyone else’s towels or clothes.Jock itch can be treated withanti-fungal medicationsavailable at the drug storewithout a prescription. Youmay want to ask a parent,coach, physical educationteacher or school nurse tohelp you choose the rightproduct. If the rash continues,see your doctor.21

Glossaryeccrine glandsSweat glands (allover the body) thatproduce clear, odorlessperspiration. Eccrineglands are active atall ages.ejaculationForceful release ofsemen from the penis.erectionHardening of the penis.estrogenapocrine glandsSweat glands (mostlyunder the arms and inthe genital area) thatproduce perspirationthat can mix withbacteria to cause bodyodor. Apocrine glandsbecome active at puberty.22Female hormone,produced in the ovaries,that is responsible formany of the changesthat take place infemales during puberty.circumcisionA medical or religiousprocedure in whicha doctor or clergymember cuts away theforeskin from the penis.Circumcision is usuallyperformed duringthe first few days ofa baby’s life.foreskinThis fold of skin coversthe end of the penis.A boy who has beencircumcised has had hisforeskin removed.hormonesSpecial chemicals thatregulate the growth andactivity of body tissuesand organs.penisThe male reproductiveorgan, also used forurinating.pituitary glandA small gland beneaththe front of the brain,that is responsiblefor triggering theproduction of hormonesthat start puberty.pubertyStage of life whenhuman males andfemales becomecapable of reproduction.sebumAn oily substance (fromthe sebaceous glands)that helps keep skinmoist. During puberty,too much sebum maycontribute to acne.spermThe male reproductivecell.testiclesThe male reproductiveglands, which producesperm and the malehormone testosterone.testosteroneThe male hormonethat is responsible formany of the changesthat take place inmales during puberty.urethraA canal that carriesurine from the bladderto the outside of thebody. In males theurethra is also thepassageway for semen.wet dreamThe ejaculation ofsemen out of the penisduring sleep. This isalso called a nocturnalemission.semenA sticky fluid thatcontains spermand various othersecretions.23

Want to knowmore about puberty?Check outwww.kidshealth.org – Lots of activities, games andanswers to your health questions.www.brainpop.com – Online movies and more onpuberty, health and lots of other topics.These materials have been reviewed by theAmerican Association for Healt

This is a booklet about growing up. Now that you’re growing up, you’ll probably notice that your body is changing in all sorts of ways. You’ll notice changes in the way you look and also in the way you feel. This is because you’re going through a stage called puberty. This is an exciting time – it’

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