Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017

2y ago
21 Views
2 Downloads
2.43 MB
82 Pages
Last View : 1m ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Asher Boatman
Transcription

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017Public-Private ITSInitiative/Roadmaps 2017 Toward implementation of various highly automateddriving systems in society May 30, 2017Strategic Conference for the Advancement ofUtilizing Public and Private Sector Data,Strategic Headquarters for the AdvancedInformation and Telecommunications NetworkSociety1

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017Table of Contents1.Introduction and Definitions . 4(1)Introduction . 4(2) Definitions of Automated Driving Systems . 62.Positioning and Future Direction of ITS/Automated Driving . 10(1)Positioning of ITS/Automated Driving Systems .10(2)Future Direction of Automated Driving Systems .11(3)A.Impact on society and business models .11B.Direction of the evolution of the data architecture . 13Future direction of the traffic-related data sharing platform and its use .183. ITS and Automated Driving Systems-related Society, IndustrialObjectives, and Overall Strategies . 20(1)Society and industrial objectives that we aim to achieve via ITS and automated driving systems .20(2)Basic strategies related to automated driving systems and the use of traffic data .23(3)Popularization scenario for and expected timing of commercialization of automated driving systems.254.Efforts toward commercialization of automated driving systems . 30(1)Utilization of automated driving systems for private vehicles .30(2)Utilization of automated driving systems in the logistics services .35(3)Utilization of automated driving systems in transport services .385.Efforts toward promotion of ITS/ automated driving innovation . 45(1)Development of institutions toward popularization of automated driving and enhancement of social receptivity .45A. Development of institutions concerning field operational tests on publicroads and promotion of test projects . 46B. Institutional challenges toward realization of highly automated drivingsystems (Development of the outline) . 49C. Securing of social receptivity and development of a society-widecollaboration system . 54(2) Data strategy related to automated driving and utilization of traffic data .55(i) Data strategy toward the realization of automated driving . 55(ii) Development and utilization of traffic-related data and automobile-relateddata . 63(iii) Response to privacy and security .66(3) Promotion of R&D of automated driving systems and international criteria and standards .68(i) Promotion of R&D and demonstration of automated driving systems . 68(ii) Development of criteria and standards, promotion of internationalcollaboration and exercise of international leadership . 692

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 20176. Roadmaps . 737. Method of and Structure for Moving Forward . 743

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 20171. Introduction and Definitions(1) IntroductionThe collective term, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), means new road transportsystems designed to integrate people, roads, and vehicles via cutting-edge informationand communications technology to enhance the safety, transport efficiency, and comfortof road transport, and the systems contributed to improving the safety and convenienceof road transport.In recent years, ITS, in particular automated driving systems, has beenexperiencing significant innovations due to the development of information technologyand progress in the use of data. In particular, since June 2013 when the Declaration onthe Creation of the World's Most Advanced IT Nation (hereinafter referred to as "theDeclaration of Creation") was announced by the Japanese government, many domesticand overseas manufacturers have conducted demonstrations of automated drivingsystems and field operational tests on public roads. As can be seen by the fact thatnations around the world have also been announcing policies regarding automateddriving, it seems that the era of global competition over the practical application andpopularization of automated driving systems has set in. In the midst of this globalcontext, the government of Japan has been promoting public-private partnership-basedresearch and development under the Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation PromotionProgram of the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (hereinafter referred toas "SIP"): Automated Driving Systems since fiscal 2014.In the past, Japan has maintained the world's highest technology, an automobileindustry that is the largest export industry in Japan, and the world's most advanced levelof ITS-related infrastructure. However, in the midst of the significant global innovation inITS, it is no longer easy for Japan to maintain its relatively high competitive edge.The whole society of Japan aims to acutely respond to this innovation wave,continue building and maintaining the world's most advanced ITS, and develop andimplement strategies through collaboration between the public and private sectors toallow its people to enjoy the fruits of the world's best road transport that society canoffer.By doing so, Japan aims to aims to build and maintain the world's best ITS andthereby contribute to its people and the world.4

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017With this as an objective, Japan has developed and revised the Public-PrivateITS Initiative/Roadmaps three times since June 2014 and will continue to pursuethis objective.The development of the Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps has led to thesharing of the future direction among ITS-related ministries, agencies, and privatecompanies; the promotion of specific collaboration among related ministries andagencies; and the encouragement of competition and collaboration among privatecompanies.Especially since the Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2016 (hereinaftercalled Roadmaps 2016) was developed in May, the systems that enable fieldoperational tests of unmanned autonomous driving transport services on thepublic roads in limited areas have been developed and field operational testprojects have been undertaken throughout the country. In addition, toward theSIP large-scale field operational test of automated driving on expressways thatwill start in FY 2017, companies that develop dynamic maps that serve as aplatform for such tests have been established in cooperation with the privatesector.On the other hand, technologies and industries related to ITS, including automateddriving systems (hereinafter referred to "ITS/Automated Driving" to clearly state that itincludes automated driving), have been making ongoing rapid progress. In particular,along with the change in the data distribution structure due to the development of theInternet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) leverages such data as a knowledgebase that is beginning to assume importance as a core technology of automated drivingsystems. In addition, domestic and foreign automakers companies and emergingIT companies have announced their efforts for the commercialization of highlyautomated driving and competition in development is becoming increasinglyintense. Meanwhile, some countries and regions have begun considering thedevelopment of systems for the commercialization of highly automated driving.This Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017 developed as a radical revision ofthe Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2016 after discussing recent changes in thesituation surrounding ITS and automated driving in the meetings of the Road TransportWorking Team, New Strategies Promotion Expert Panel, IT Strategic Headquarters,including joint meetings with the SIP Automated Driving Systems Promotion Committee,which have been held since December 2016.5

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017(2) Definitions of Automated Driving Systems[Definitions of automated driving levels]Ranging from the performance of driving entirely by the driver and partialperformance of driving by the vehicle’s driver assistance system to performanceof driving without driver’s involvement, there are various concepts of driving interms of the driver’s level of involvement in driving.Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017 adopts the definitions describedin J3016 (September 2016) by SAE1 International as definitions of automateddriving2. Though J3016’s definitions should be referred to for details, its overviewis shown in Table 1.In addition, automated driving systems at SAE Level 3 and above are called“Highly Automated Driving Systems”3 and those at SAE Level 4 and 5 are called“Fully Automated Driving Systems” in the Initiative/Roadmaps 2017.[Table 1] Overview of the definitions of automated driving levels (J3016)4LevelOverviewObject and EventDetection andResponse forsafe driving by:Drivers perform all or part of the dynamic driving task (DDT)SAE Level 0No automationSAE Level 1DriverassistanceSAE Level 2Partial・・・The driver performs the entire dynamic drivingtaskThe system performs subtasks of the dynamicdriving task relating to either longitudinal orlateral vehicle controlThe system performs subtasks of the dynamicdriving task relating to both longitudinal and1DriverDriverDriverSociety of Automotive EngineersThe previous Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps adopted the definition consisting of 5levels from level 0 to level 4 based on the Policy on Automated Vehicle announced by the U.S.NHTSA in May 2013. However, as both the U.S. and Europe fully adopted SAE J3016 since theNHTSA announced the Federal Automated Vehicle Policy in September 2016, thePublic-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017 fully adopts SAE J3016.In order to prevent confusion, the levels are described as “SAE Level XX” where necessary forthe time being.3In the Federal Automated Vehicle Policy (September 2016) by the U.S. NHTSA, vehicles ofSAE Level 3 and above are called “highly automated vehicles (HAV).”In J3016, vehicles in level 3 and above are defined as automated driving systems (ADS.)However, the Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017 use the term “automated drivingsystem” as a general term for systems relating to driving automation.4 SAE InternationalJ3016 (2016) "Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to DrivingAutomation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicle”.The Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. is promoting translation of J3016 intoJapanese to make it JIS.26

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017automationlateral vehicle controlAutomated driving systems perform all dynamic driving tasksSAE Level 3・ The system performs the entire dynamic drivingConditionaltask (within operational design domains※)automation・ The DDT fallback-ready driver is expected torespond appropriately to a request to interveneby the systemSAE Level 4・ The system performs the entire dynamic drivingHigh automationtask (within operational design domains※)・ The DDT fallback-ready driver is not expected torespond to itSAE Level 5・ The system performs the entire dynamic drivingFull automationtask (not within operational design domains※)・ The DDT fallback-ready driver, the user5 is notexpected to respond to itSystem(DDTfallback-readydriver)SystemSystem(Note 1) Domains here are not limited to geographical domains but include theenvironmental, traffic, speed, and temporal conditions. (The definitions of the terms in J3016(2016) are shown below. (tentative translation))TermDynamic DrivingTask (DDT)・・Object and EventDetection andResponse (OEDR)・Operational DesignDomain (ODD)・DefinitionAll of the real-time operational and tactical functions required tooperate vehicles in on-road traffic, excluding the strategicfunctions such as and trip scheduling and determination ofdestinations and routes.Specifically, it includes but is not limited to lateral motion(steering), longitudinal motion (acceleration/deceleration),monitoring of the driving environment, and maneuver planning,and enhancement of conspicuity (lighting, etc.)The subtasks of the dynamic driving task (DDT) that includemonitoring the driving environment (detecting, recognizing, andclassifying of objects and events and preparing to respond asneeded) and executing an appropriate response to such objectsand events.The specific conditions under which the driving automationsystem is designed to function, including, but not limited to,driving modes.Note 1: An ODD includes geographic, roadway, environmental, traffic, speed andtemporal limitations.Note 2: An ODD includes one or more driving modes (expressway, low-speed traffic,etc.)In addition, it is pointed out in J3016 that the range of operational designdomains (ODD) serves as an important indicator for evaluating automateddriving technology as well as automated driving levels. At each of SAE Levels 1to 4, the wider the ODDs that are specific conditions under which the drivingautomation system is designed to function are, the more technicallysophisticated the system is. In other words, even at SAE Level 4 (one of the fullyautomated driving systems), if the system enables automated driving within anarrow range of ODDs, its level of technical sophistication is relatively low.In addition, SAE Level 5 is defined as one of the SAE Level 4 automated5Translation of “User” in SAE International J3016 (2016). It includes drivers.7

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017driving systems but with unlimited ODDs and its technical level is very high.[Figure 1]: Significance of ODD at each automated driving level (based onJ3016: tentative translation)Airportpeoplemovers(enclosed tracks)High-speed, limited roadsCity pilotComplete DDT performance fallbackLevel 4Level 5Highway traffic pilotComplete DDT performanceLevel 3Circa 2016FutureSustained lateral and longitudinalmotion controlLevel 2Sustained lateral orlongitudinal motion controlLevel 1ACC lane centering,parking/traffic jam assistACC, parking assist (steering only)Minimum operating speed, lane markings requiredMinimum operating speedWarning/interventionLevel 0Limited domain (ODD)LimitedUnlimitedThese definitions will be reviewed as needed in accordance with SAE’s reviewof their definitions.[Remote automated driving system]Moreover, according to J3016 (2016), automated driving systems are dividedinto those with a user (including those who are equivalent of drivers; hereinafterthe same) who is inside the vehicle and those with a user outside the vehiclewho remotely monitors and operates it.The Initiative/Roadmaps 2017 defines the latter, “driving automation systemwith a user outside the vehicle” 6, as “Remote Automated Driving System” andtransport services that use such remote automated driving systems are called“Unmanned autonomous driving Transport Services.”6In this case, the user plays the following roles according to automated driving levels.・ At SAE Level 2, “Remote Driver” remotely performs monitoring and operation.・ At SAE Level 3, “DDT Fallback-ready User” positioned remotely performs monitoring andoperation as a remote driver in case of a request to intervene by the system.・ At SAE Level 4, “Dispatcher” (tentative translation, formal translation will be discussed)positioned remotely operates the vehicle as a remote driver in case of necessity such asvehicle malfunction.8

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017[Figure 2] “User” roles in automated driving (created based on J3016)Ex: The system where the driver operates thevehicle on general roads and fully automateddriving is available on expressways (the driverNo drivingautomationMainlyusedforowner-driver vehicles(private cars)Mainly used forbusinessvehicles(business cars)Engaged level of driving ackreadydriverDriveruserRemoteuserRemote drivercan operate the vehicle on expressways ifhe/she wants)Fully automated driving systemPassengerDispatcherEx: The system where fully automateddriving is available anywhere and thedriver can operate the vehicle if he/shewants.Remote automated driving system[Definitions of specific automated driving systems]Based on the above-mentioned definitions of J3016, the Initiative/Roadmaps2017 describes “semi-autopilot” and “autopilot” as specific automated drivingsystems that are expected to be commercialized and applied to services in thenear future and defines them as follows.Table 2Name of SystemSemi-autopilotSpecific Automated Driving Systems and OverviewOverview・ It supports automated driving on expressways (fromentrance ramps to exit ramps; merging, changinglanes, keeping lanes or a certain distance betweencars, diverging, etc.).・ Though the driver performs object and eventCorrespondingLevelSAE Level 2detection and response for safe driving duringautomated driving mode, the system notifies thedriver of traveling conditions.Auto pilot・ It supports automated driving on expressways andunder other specific conditions.・ Though the system performs all the DDT duringautomated driving mode, the driver takes over inresponse to a request by the system.9SAE Level 3

Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 20172. Positioning and Future Direction of ITS/Automated Driving(1) Positioning of ITS/Automated Driving SystemsSince the start of mass production by Ford in 1908, the use of automobiles rapidlyspread throughout the world, and today, the automobile is an indispensable part of ourlives. Over the past 100 years or so, gradual ongoing innovation has taken place inautomobiles, leading to the development of today's sophisticated automobiles. However,the fundamental structure of automobiles, such as petrol-driven and driving by drivers,has not changed until recently.This fundamental structure of automobiles, however, is expected to go throughdiscontinuous, disruptive innovation over the coming ten to twenty years. Specifically,such innovation includes a trend toward automated driving systems that have beenenabled by the recent development of IT and networks, as well as trends toward hybridcars and electric vehicles.Figure 3. Future Changes in the Structure of AutomobilesFuture Direction of AutomobilesConventional CarsHybrid carsElectric vehiclesPetrol-drivenDriven bydriversAutomateddriving carsIn particular, interest in Aut

In addition, automated driving systems at SAE Level 3 and above are called “Highly Automated Driving Systems”3 and those at SAE Level 4 and 5 are called “Fully Automated Driving Systems” in the Initiative/Roadmaps 2017. [Table 1] Overview of the definitions of automated driving levels (J301

Related Documents:

Private to public transactions: You can value a private firm for sale to a publicly traded firm. ! Private to IPO: You can value a private firm for an initial public offering. ! Private to VC to Public: You can value a private firm that is expected to raise venture capital along the way on its path to going public.!

been the private finance initiative (PFI) model used to build many hospitals in 1the United Kingdom. Healthcare public-private partnerships series, . Valencia's experience with public-private integrated partnerships. Healthcare public-private partnerships series, No. 3 Innovation roll out . Healthcare public-private partnerships series, .

Public Private Partnerships (PPP), means that the private sector fully or partially assist in shaping and founding public-sector investments, and that the private companies co-operate with the state and share the investment risks. The idea of PPP solutions was originally introduced in the UK, with the Private Finance Initiative (PFI).

CCNP Security SECURE Notes Private Vlans: vtp mode transparent vlan 600 private-vlan community vlan 400 private-vlan isolated vlan 200 private-vlan primary private-vlan association 400,600 int gi1/0/13 switchport mode private-vlan host switchport private-vlan host-association 200 400 int range gi1/0/14 – 15 switchport mode private-vlan host

This report reviews recently published international public sector strategies, roadmaps and initiatives related to advanced materials research and innovation. In particular, this study explores strategies developed by, or commissioned for, international government agencies. This

In 2014, the Technology Roadmap development team was formed and used the technology development process In the Spring of 2015, the roadmaps were released to the public of review and comment with the expanded Scope - New: TA15 Aeronautics - 8 new level 2 Technology Areas - 66 new level 3 Technology Areas

public-private divide in higher education. This section presents a brief overview of the key concepts, debates, theoretical assumptions and factors that underlie discussions about the public-private divide in higher education. 3.1. The Concept of Public and Private Good in Higher Education . The public-private distinction in higher education has

Both of the human genes involved have been cloned and gene therapy is of potential use in the treatment of both diseases. Cystic fibrosis is due to a mutation in a gene that codes for a chloride channel protein in the cell membranes of epithelial cells. This protein regulates the secretion of chloride ions from the epithelial cells. If the