ME417 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES - Charusat

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ME417 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINESCO1Study the working of SI and CI Engines and its components.CO2Prepare and analyze valve timing diagrams and heat balance sheet.CO3Understand and estimate the effects of variation in properties of air at various states.CO4Carry out tests on I. C. Engines and calculate its efficiencies and performanceparameters at various running conditions.Learn about the advanced technologies and research areas in engines.CO5List of Experiment (ME417 Internal Combustion Engines)Sr.No.1TitleCourse OutcomesComparison of S.I and C.I EnginesCO12Combustion ChambersCO33Types of CarburetorCO14Ignition SystemCO55Fuel Injection SystemCO56Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel EngineCO2, CO47Four Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel EngineCO2, CO48Single Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol EngineCO2, CO49Single Cylinder Two Stroke Petrol EngineCO2, CO410Valve Timing DiagramCO2

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical Engineering.Name of Subject: Internal Combustion Engines (ME-417)INDEXSr.No.PerformanceDateTitle1Comparison of S.I and C.IEngines2Combustion Chambers3Types of Carburetor4Ignition System5Fuel Injection System6Single Cylinder Four StrokeDiesel Engine7Four Cylinder Four StrokeDiesel Engine8Single Cylinder Four StrokePetrol Engine9Single Cylinder Two StrokePetrol Engine10Valve Timing DiagramNo.AssessmentofMarksDatePagesSign ofFaculty

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engines (ME-417)Date:PRACTICAL NO 1COMPARISON OF S.I AND C.I ENGINESAIM: To study the comparison between the Spark Ignition engine and CompressionIgnition engineOBJECTIVES:(1) To Study the difference between Two Stroke and Four Stroke Engine(2) To Study the difference between the S.I and C.I Engine.(3) Demonstration on cut section model.QUESTIONS:(1) List the difference between the S.I and C.I engine.(2) List the difference between Two Stroke and Four Stroke Engine. Draw a neat sketchshowing all components.(3) Write analogy of I C Engine.Marks obtained:Signature of faculty:Date:Page 1 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engines (ME-417)Date:PRACTICAL NO 2COMBUSTION CHAMBERSAIM: To Study of Combustion Chambers.(A) To Study of Combustion Chambers for Spark Ignition EngineOBJECTIVES:(1) To understand combustion process in S.I engines(2) To understand different type of combustion chambersQUESTIONS:(1) What are the basic requirements of a good combustion chamber?(2) Explain combustion chamber design principal(3) Classification of combustion chamber.(4) Explain different types of combustion chamber.(5) Draw a neat sketch of combustion chamber of 4-stroke and 2-stroke engine.(B) To Study of Combustion Chamber for Compression Ignition Engine.OBJECTIVES:(1) To understand the combustion processes in C.I. engine.(2) To understand the different types of combustion chamber in C.I. Engine.QUESTIONS:(1) Classification of Combustion chamber in case of C.I. Engine.(2) Explain different types of combustion chamber in C.I. Engine.Marks obtained:Signature of faculty:Date:Page 2 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engines (ME-417)Date:PRACTICAL NO 3TYPES OF CARBURETORAIM: Study of Different Types of Carburetor in S.I. Engine.OBJECTIVE:Understand a carburetion process and learn about different type of carburetors.QUESTIONS:(1) Derive the equation for simple carburetor and put your comments on it.(2) Write the shot note on the complete carburetor.(3) Write a shot note with neat sketch on the following carburetor.(a) Solex Carburetor(b) S.U. Carburetor(c) Carter Carburetor(4) Write a note in brief for Petrol Injection system.Marks obtained:Signature of faculty:Date:Page 3 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engines (ME-417)Date:PRACTICAL NO 4IGNITION SYSTEMAIM: Study of Ignition Systems in I.C. Engine.OBJECTIVE:Understand ignition systems in I.C engine.QUESTIONS:(1) Explain purpose of Ignition systems, spark timing & spark advance.(2) What are the basic requirements of good Ignition system?(3) Classification of Ignition system.(4) Write a shot note on Buttery Ignition system(5) Explain magneto Ignition system.(6) Explain electronics Ignition system.(7) Construction of spark plug(8) What is ignition timing and explain factors affecting Ignitiontiming.(9) Explain (a) Vacuum advanced (b) Centrifugal advancedMarks obtained:Signature of faculty:Date:Page 4 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engines (ME-417)Date:PRACTICAL NO 5FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMAIM: Study of Fuel Injection Systems in C. I. Engine.OBJECTIVE:Understand Fuel Injection systems & working and construction of Injector and FuelPump.QUESTIONS:(1) Requirements of good diesel Injection system.(2) Types of Injection system(3) Explain types of Nozzles(4) Write a shot note of Fuel Pump (working and construction with neat sketch)Marks obtained:Signature of faculty:Date:Page 5 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engine (ME-417)Date:PRACTICAL NO 6SINGLE CYLINDER FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINEAIM: Performance test on four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine with eddy currentdynamometer.OBJECTIVE:To perform test on four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine with eddy currentdynamometer to understand its operational characteristics.SPECIFICATIONS:Type:Four Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel EngineMake:Kirloskar model JAV1Bore:85 mmStroke:80 mmRPM:1500BHP:5 HP, 3.7 KWFuel:High Speed Diesel oilSp. Gr.:0.83C.V:10,833 Kcal/kgPRECAUTIONS: It is strongly recommended that the operator is familiar with the engine before it isstarted. Before the engine is started, check the lubricating oil level I the crank case andadd oil if required. All recommended periodic maintenance and service in the manualmust be carried out for the engine. At any time either the radiator or the external cooling water line is to be used. Bothcannot be used at the same time. When external cooling water is used, radiator valvesshould be closed to avoid leakage or even rupture due to high-pressure water supply.Page 6 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical Engineering Do not operate the exhaust gas calorimeter without water as the brazing used forcopper tubes in the heat exchanger will melt at full load engine exhaust temperature(over 400-500 deg C)PROCEDURE: Check fuel level. Check lubrication oil level. Open the three way cock so that fuel flows to the engine directly from the tank. Open the cooling water valves and ensure that water flows through the engine. Open the water line to the hydraulic dynamometer. Keep the loading in the hydraulic dynamometer at minimum. Start the engine. If the engine is cold, press the heater button until the glow indicatorglows and then start the engine. Operate the throttle valve so that the engine picks up the speed to the required level,say 1500 rpm. Load engine with the hydraulic dynamometer loading is achieved by turning thehandle in the direction marked. If sufficient load is not absorbed by the dynamometerat the required speed, the outlet valve in the dynamometer can be closed to increase thepressure (as indicated by the pressure gauge) and hence the load. When engine is loaded the speed will decrease. Hence open the throttle to increase thespeed. When steady condition is reached, the cooling water temperature is maintained at therequired level by adjusting the flow rate. Measure the flow rate. Adjust the cooling water flow rate in the exhaust gas calorimeter to achieve steadystate condition.Page 7 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringOBSERVATION TABLE:Sr. No.Particulars11Engine Speed (N rpm)2Hydraulic Dynamometer Load (W2345kg)3Engine Output (KW)4Time for 10 cc of fuel consumption(Sec)5Engine input (KW)6Thermal Efficiency %Air Tank Measurement:Orifice Water Manometer Reading h1 cm of waterOrifice Water Manometer Reading h2 cm of waterDifference in water level h cm of waterExhaust gas calorimeter readings:Engine cooling water inlet temperatureT1 Engine cooling water outlet temperatureT2 Calorimeter cooling water inlet temperature T3 Calorimeter cooling water outlet temperatureT4 Exhaust gas inlet temperatureT5 Exhaust gas outlet temperatureT6 Room TemperatureT7 Engine cooling water flow rateWe Calorimeter cooling water flow meterWc Page 8 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringLength of torque armLoadL 0.146 mW TorqueT 9.81 W L Engine speedN Engine output KWTime for 10cc of fuel consumption t Fuel consumption per minute Q cc/minTotal fuel consumption kg/minHeat input total fuel consumptionInput power Engine efficiency Equivalent air column C.V Kcal/min Orifice diameter d 0.035 mArea of orifice 0.962 10-3 m2Volume of air Va Cd Area of orifice (2gh)0.5 Weight of intake air 1.2 Va kg/secTheoretical volume of air Vt Volumetric efficiency Air fuel ratio Page 9 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringGRAPH:Draw the graph of Vs Load, Brake powerCONCLUSION:Marks obtained:Signature of faculty:Date:Page 10 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engine (M-709) (ME417)Date:PRACTICAL NO 7FOUR CYLINDER FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINEAIM: Performance test on four-stroke four-cylinder diesel engine with hydraulicdynamometer.OBJECTIVE:To perform test on four-stroke four cylinders diesel engine with hydraulicdynamometer to understand its operational characteristics.SPECIFICATIONS:Type:Four Stroke Four Cylinder Diesel EngineMake:HM TrekkerBore:73 mmStroke:90 mmCapacity:1500 ccRPM:1500BHP:10 HP @ 1500 rpmFuel:High Speed Diesel oilSp. Gr.:0.83C.V:10,833 Kcal/kgPRECAUTIONS: It is strongly recommended that the operator is familiar with the engine before it isstarted. Before the engine is started, check the lubricating oil level in the crankcase andadd oil if required. All recommended periodic maintenance and service in the manualmust be carried out for the engine. At any time either the radiator or the external cooling water line is to be used. Bothcannot be used at the same time. When external cooling water is used, radiator valvesshould be closed to avoid leakage or even rupture due to high-pressure water supply.Page 11 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical Engineering Do not operate the exhaust gas calorimeter without water as the brazing used forcopper tubes in the heat exchanger will melt at full load engine exhaust temperature(over 400-500 deg C)PROCEDURE: Check fuel level.Check lubrication oil level.Open the three way cock so that fuel flows to the engine directly from the tank.Open the cooling water valves and ensure that water flows through the engine.Open the water line to the hydraulic dynamometer.Keep the loading in the hydraulic dynamometer at minimum.Start the engine. If the engine is cold, press the heater button until the glow indicatorglows and then start the engine.Operate the throttle valve so that the engine picks up the speed to the required level,say 1500 rpm.Load engine with the hydraulic dynamometer loading is achieved by turning thehandle in the direction marked. If sufficient load is not absorbed by the dynamometerat the required speed, the outlet valve in the dynamometer can be closed to increase thepressure (as indicated by the pressure gauge) and hence the load.When engine is loaded the speed will decrease. Hence open the throttle to increase thespeed.When steady condition is reached, the cooling water temperature is maintained at therequired level by adjusting the flow rate. Measure the flow rate.Adjust the cooling water flow rate in the exhaust gas calorimeter to achieve steadystate condition.OBSERVATION TABLE:Sr. No.Particulars1Engine Speed (N rpm)2Hydraulic Dynamometer Load (W kg)3Engine Output (KW)4Time for 10 cc of fuel consumption(Sec)5Engine input (KW)6Thermal Efficiency %12345Page 12 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringCALCULATION:Air Tank Measurement:Orifice Water Manometer Reading h1 Orifice Water Manometer Reading h2 Difference in water level hcm of watercm of water cm of waterExhaust gas calorimeter readings:Engine cooling water inlet temperatureT1 Engine cooling water outlet temperatureT2 Calorimeter cooling water inlet temperatureT3 Calorimeter cooling water outlet temperatureT4 Exhaust gas inlet temperatureT5 Exhaust gas outlet temperatureT6 Room TemperatureT7 Engine cooling water flow rateWe Calorimeter cooling water flow meterWc Hydraulic dynamometer load W Engine speedEngine outputN KWTime for 10cc of fuel consumption t Fuel consumption per minute Q cc/minTotal fuel consumption kg/minHeat input total fuel consumption C.V Kcal/minInput power heat input / 14.34 KW Page 13 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringEngine efficiency Equivalent air column Orifice diameter d 0.035 mArea of orifice 0.962 10-3 m2Volume of air Va Cd area of orifice (2gh)0.5 Weight of intake air 1.16 Va kg/secTheoretical volume of air Vt Volumetric efficiency Air fuel ratio GRAPH:Draw the graph of Vs Load, Brake powerCONCLUSION:Marks obtained:Signature of faculty:Date:Page 14 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engine (M-709) (ME417)Date:PRACTICAL NO 8SINGLE CYLINDER FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINEAIM: Performance test on four-stroke single-cylinder petrol engine with eddy currentdynamometer.OBJECTIVE:To perform test on four-stroke single cylinder petrol engine with eddy currentdynamometer to understand its operational ur stroke single cylinder vertical petrol enginePower:2.9 KWSpeed:3000 rpmPRECAUTION: Check water supply and crankcase oil level starting the engine.Never stop the engine on loadDo not put hand in water rheostat while in operationDo not close the orifice while engine is in operationAdd salt in water rheostat incorrect percentageAfter completion of experiment drain all waterPROCEDURE: Fill up sufficient petrol in tank without oil Check oil level in the crankcase of the engine. It is lesser than H on dipstick level it upto the mark with clean SAE-40oil Fill up water in water rheostat to a required height and add salt. (Approximately 50 gmin filled water tank) Fill up water in manometer up to half of the height. Put off main switch o rheostat andignition switch o engine is ONPage 15 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical Engineering Start water supply to calorimeter Wind the starting rope over the starting drum and give a brisk pull. Initially, it mayrequire operating the choke, if the engine is cold. As the engine starts put the chokeoff. Put on main switch. Slowly rotate the loading knob (on panel) in clockwise direction so that the enginegets loaded, say 2 amps Fill the burette with burette filling cock. Close the cock in fuel line coming from fueltank note down time for 10 ml fuel consumption, manometer difference, ammeter andvoltmeter reading and calorimeter water flow Note down the temperature from T1 to T4 Repeat the procedure for difference loads. Maximum load is 8 amps.OBSERVATION TABLE:Sr. No1234Brake Drum Speed N rpmAmmeter I ampVoltmeter V voltTime for 10 ml of fuel tf secManometer diff. hw cmTime for 1 lit. Calorimeter water twsecTemperatures:Water inlet to calorimeter T1 deg CWater outlet from calorimeter T2deg CExhaust gas before calorimeter T3deg CExhaust gas after calorimeter T4deg CPage 16 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringCALCULATION:Brake powerBP KWNote: practically dynamometer efficiency also varies with load and for each load, differentefficiency has to be taken from dynamometer efficiency curve, but for to avoid compilations,same efficiency is assumed.Field coil is also energized from armature, which consumes 0.198 kw at 220 volts. Hence, theload is added to alternator with voltage correction factor.For the tests conducts on the blower a the factory, it is observed that blower consumes powerof 0.5 kw at 3000 rpmFuel consumptionFC kg/hrDensity of petrol is 0.7 gms/ccSpecific fuel consumptionSFC kg/kwhrHeat supplied by fuelHf KJ/hrC. V of petrol is 43890 KJ/kgHeat equivalent to BPHBP BP 3600 KJ/hrEfficiencyBrake thermal efficiency Air consumptionha hw (1000/ a) p/287 T Mass flow of airma 0.62 1.54 10-4 (2gh)0.5 3600 a Page 17 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical Engineeringwhere, Cd of orifice 0.62Area of orifice 1.54 10-4 m2Air fuel ratioAFR ma/FC Heat carried away by exhaust gasesHeat given by exhaust gases in calorimeter heat gained by watermeg Cpeg (T3-T4) mw Cpw (T2-T1)meg mass flow of exhaust gasesCpeg specific heat of exhaust gasesmw calorimeter water flow rate, Kg/hrCpw specific heat of water 4.18 KJ/kg KHeat carried away by exhaust gases, on ambient temperature basisHeg (mg Cpeg) (T3-T1) GRAPH:Plot the graph of BP Vs efficiency, FC and SFCCONCLUSION:Marks obtained:Signature of faculty:Date:Page 18 of 23

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERINGCHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Combustion Engine (M-709) (ME417)Date:PRACTICA

CO5 Learn about the advanced technologies and research areas in engines. List of Experiment (ME417 Internal Combustion Engines) Sr. No. Title Course Outcomes 1 Comparison of S.I and C.I Engines CO1 2 Combustion Chambers CO3 3 Types of Carburetor CO1 4 Ignition System

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