NERVOUS SYSTEM GUIDE
NERVOUS SYSTEM GUIDEThe Nervous System:!! Coordinates all of the many activities ofthe body!Neuron:!! Basic structural unit of the nervous system! Parts of neuron! Cell body!! Nerve fibers (dendrites, axon)
Nerves:! Combination of nerve fibers!! Afferent—! Efferent—! Associative—Nervous System:Consists of two main divisions:Central nervous system (CNS)Brain and spinal cordPeripheral nervous system:Somatic nervous systemAutonomic nervous systemCentral Nervous SystemThe Brain:! Cerebrum!! Diencephalon!! Pons!
Central Nervous SystemThe Spinal Cord:! Continues down from medulla oblongata!! Responsible for many reflex actions!! Carries motor (efferent) message fromthe brainPeripheral Nervous System:! Cranial nerves!! Autonomic nervous system!! Parasympathetic
Nervous System Disorders:When wiring short circuits!Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Also known as Lou Gherig’s Disease Cause is unknown: Or- viral immune factors are suspectedNerves cells in the CNS that control voluntary movement, degenerate, resulting inweakening (atrophy) or wasting away of the muscles they control Initial symptoms include: Abnormal reflexes Impaired hand and arm movement As the disease progresses, more muscles are affected, resulting in total bodyparalysis
Later stages: Patient loses all ability to communicate, eat, breathe, and move There is no treatment however, there are drugs to slow progress Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Repetitive movement of wrist causes swelling around this tunnel, which puts pressureon nerves and tendonsSymptoms include: Pain Classic chief complaint of pt: Pain and numbness and tingling in the thumb,ring finger, and middle fingerTreatment: Anti-inflammatory drugs Severe cases require surgery to enlarge the tunnel to allow more space for thetendons and nerve
Cerebal Palsy: Disturbance in voluntary muscle action Caused by brain damage: Infections Three forms: Spastic is the most common Symptoms: Tense muscles and development of contracture Spasms and tremors Treatment: No cure Muscle relaxants and anticonvulsive drugs Orthopedic surgery for severe contractureCerebrovascular Accident CVA: Blood flow to the brain is impaired resulting in a lack of oxygen and destruction ofbrain tissueCauses:- Occlusion or blockage caused by atherosclerosis or a blood clotCVA: Factors that cause strokes: Smoking Obesity
CVA: Symptoms: Symptoms vary depending on the area of the brain affected and brain tissuedamaged Weakness or vertigo Dysphagia or difficulty swallowing Mental confusion Incontinence Quick Guide to Symptoms: Treatment: Care during the first 3 hours can prevent brain damage Angioplasty of cerebral arteries Dependant on damage: Physical, occupational, and speech therapy
Encephalitis:ORComplications from chicken pox, measles, or mumps Virus is commonly contacted from mosquito bite Symptoms vary but may include: Fever Visual disturbances Stiff neck Seizures ComaTreatment: Antiviral Drugs Monitoring respiratory and kidney functionEpilepsy or Seizure Syndrome: Causes can include: Birth trauma Infections Many cases are idiopathic Two Types: Absence or Petit Mal Seizure Characterized by a loss of conciousness lasting only a few seconds Generalized tonic-clonic or Grand Mal Seizure Most Severe Convulsions are violent shaking and thrashing movements Loss of body functions Some people experience an aura
Examples include: Visual disturbances Tingling in fingers or toes Treatment includes anticonvulsant drugsHydrocephalus: Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles and, in some cases,
Nervous System: Consists of two main divisions: Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system: Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Central Nervous System
I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Somatic Nervous System B. Autonomic Nervous System III. Autonomic Nervous System A. Parasympathetic Nervous System B. Sympathetic Nervous System IV. Reflex Actions V. Central Nervous Sys
peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the a. sensory-somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The peripheral nervous system carry information to and from the central nervous system. The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Figure 1 The Human Nervous System
nervous system is separated into two major divisions: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is the control center of the body. The functions of the central nervous system are similar to those of the central processing unit of a computer. The central nervous system relays messages, processes .
Divisions of the nervous system 1. Central Nervous System (CNS) 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Central Nervous System (CNS) a. Brain b. Spinal cord . Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) a. Sensory b. Motor . Divisions of the Nervous System which consists of is divided into that make up which is divided into The Nervous
The nervous system can be divided into two major regions: the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system (CNS) is the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system . function of the nervous system. oT describe the functional divisions of the nervous system, it is important
The Structure Of The Nervous System – Once destroyed,nerve cells/tissues never grow back! Regions of the Nervous System. A. C.N.S. –Central Nervous System The central nervous system (CNS) is the command and processing center for the nervous system. It receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system. The two main
Nervous system subdivided into central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord; sensory information comes into central nervous system, where it is processed; motor messages then exit central nervous system carrying commands to muscles and glands
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