NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGYNanotechnology , the first journal dedicatedto nanoscale research, presents some ofthe very best content published in 2015–2016TMiopscience.org/nano
Front cover image:Artistic interpretation showing a logicoperation type as a function of pulseamplitudes for the output memcapacitivesystem Y V Pershin et al 2015Nanotechnology 26 225201
iopscience.org/nanoForewordDear colleagues,As the first peer-reviewed journal in nanoscale science and technology,Nanotechnology has seen the field develop from a select community early in itsinception to the huge international research enterprise it is today. While the journalcontinues to house leading research papers and topical reviews that both defineand influence the direction of activity in the field, we have introduced a number ofinnovations to ensure we meet the evolving needs of our community.TMAs of 2015, we are pleased to announce the publication of Letters in place ofFast Track Communications for rapid publication of high-impact developmentswithout compromising on the rigour of peer review. We have also introduced focuscollections that collect invited and unsolicited papers on leading results anddevelopments in topical areas of research. By publishing papers in the collectionsas soon as they complete the stages required in peer review and production, wehave eliminated the delays incurred by special issue publications.The journal now publishes both viewpoint and industry-invited perspectives byleading researchers that focus either on a recent development published in thejournal to provide context, or a topic as it moves from the lab to industry. As well asnewsy LabTalk articles written by researchers to highlight their work in the journal, wehave also introduced Nanotechnology Select, where every couple of weeks chosenpapers are collated and featured on the homepage. The articles are also highlightedin a news article on nanotechweb.org by one of our journalists.The journal has embraced the multimedia opportunities open to electronicpublications with video abstracts, movie file supplementary data and now our firstdiscussion webinar on nanophotonics in celebration of the International Year ofLight. We hope that you enjoy this collection of highlights from 2015 and we lookforward to many more to come at iopscience.org/nano.Mark ReedEditor-in-Chief, echnology3
iopscience.org/nanoContentsForeword 3Nanotechnology Young Researcher Award 2015 5Journal scope 6Papers published in 2015 7Research papers 8Focus Collections 10Nanotechnology Select 16Perspectives 17Letters 18Topical Reviews 19Maximizing the impact of your work 20Publish with Nanotechnology 21Editorial Board 224 Nanotechnology
iopscience.org/nanoNanotechnology Young Researcher Award 2015In 2015, Nanotechnology invited nominations for the Young Researcher Award. Thisis a new award that recognizes early career brilliance and is open to PhD students andresearchers within the first five years of completing their PhD.We received more than 250 nominations for this award and the standard of entrieswas extremely high. We are pleased to announce that the winner of the 2015 YoungResearcher Award is Jae Hyun Lee, currently working at Harvard University, selectedby the Nanotechnology Editorial Board. The Editorial Board were particularly impressedwith Lee’s contributions across the areas of nanoMRI, theranostic nanoparticles andnanoswitches.Also highly commended are the runners up for the prize, which include: Sukang Bae, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Scott Kevin Cushing, West Virginia University Renren Deng, National University of Singapore Jarvist Moore Frost, University of Bath Mengdi Han, Peking University Alireza Kargar, University of California, San Diego Weiyang Li, Dartmouth College Datao Tu, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chuan Wang, Michigan State UniversityJae Hyun LeeHarvard UniversityTo read a full interview with the winner of the Young Researcher Award,visit nanotechweb.org.This award recognizes the very best young researchers in thefield of nanotechnology today, and there was an incredibly diverseand talented pool of nominees for the award.nwaYo ugRNanotechnology Young Researcher AwardtechnolordnogyNaKarl Berggren, MIT, Nanotechnology Editorial Board member.e s e ar c h er AVisit iopscience.org/nano/young-researcherto make your nomination for the 2016 Young Researcher Award.iopscience.org/nanoNanotechnology5
iopscience.org/nanoJournal scopeISSN 0957-4484NANOTECHNOLOGYV olume 26 N umber 3 23 J aNuary 2015iopscience.org/nanoFeatured articleDetermining charge state of graphene vacancy by noncontactatomic force microscopy and first-principles calculationsY Liu, M Weinert and L Li3.821*Impact Factor*As listed in 2014 Journal Citation reports(Thomson Reuters 2015) 1.4 millionNanotechnology articledownloads in 2015Nanotechnology publishes papers at the forefront of nanoscale scienceand technology, and especially those of an interdisciplinary nature. Here,nanotechnology is taken to include the ability to individually address, control,and modify structures, materials and devices with nanometre precision, andthe synthesis of such structures into systems of micro- and macroscopicdimensions such as MEMS-based devices. It encompasses the understandingof the fundamental physics, chemistry, biology and technology of nanometrescale objects and how such objects can be used in the areas of computation,sensors, nanostructured materials and nano-biotechnology.To be publishable in this journal, papers must meet the highest scientificquality standards, contain significant and original new science, and shouldmake substantial advances within a particular area of nanoscale science andtechnology. Nanotechnology publishes a range of article types including:Research papersReports of original work, categorised by seven different journal sections,described overleaf.PerspectivesCommentaries aimed at highlighting the significance, impact and widerimplications of research appearing in Nanotechnology.Focus CollectionsA diverse selection of exclusive, articles, each serving to highlight workconducted in areas of particular current interest, as identified by the EditorialBoard.LettersThe journal offers open access and accelerated publication to outstandingshort papers reporting new and timely developments in nanotechnology.Topical ReviewsReview articles commissioned by the Editorial Board, which provide a snapshotof recent progress in a particular field.Visit nanotechweb.org for the latestnews, products, jobs and events in all areasof nanotechnology.Register online and you can receive our weekly news alert,with the latest information wrapped up in one useful e-mail.6 Nanotechnology
iopscience.org/nanoPapers published in 2015Nanotechnology research papers are separated into seven separate journal sections,reflecting the scope and content of the journal.34%15%15%12%8%8%8%Materials: properties, characterization or toolsFeatures the measurement of properties intrinsic to the nanoscale, andthose techniques devised to characterize materials at this scale. Thissection is also intended for articles concerned with the understandingand prediction of properties through theoretical and computer modelling.Materials: synthesis or self-assemblyPresents the fabrication and growth of materials with nanoscaleprecision and control. Papers should include more than direct materialsynthesis and characterization, focusing in addition upon methodology,assembly or application-directed synthesis.Electronics and photonicsFeatures materials and fabrication technologies for nanodevices, novelelectronic and photonic phenomena and systems in the mesoscopicand nanoscale regimes, and their applications. This section alsoincludes aspects of quantum science and technology.Patterning and nanofabricationPresents novel processing methods with nanometre resolution. Topicsinclude the assembly of inorganic and organic nanomaterials, electronand ion beam induced nanopatterning, modifications of nanomaterialproperties and new applications based on these materials.Sensing and actuatingIncludes a range of detection methods sensitive to the nanoscale ableto enhance and convey information to a macroscopic scale. Articlesdisplay a significant enhancement of the sensing capabilities of appliednano systems or report upon applications in the field.Energy at the nanoscaleReports on the technological aspects and fundamental scienceassociated with innovations in the energy industry that exploit theproperties of nanoscale structures. Focuses on nanostructuresthat can be applied to energy conversion, generation and storage.Biology and medicineFeatures a range of disciplines concerning nano biomedicine. Including,but not limited to, tissue engineering, the conjugation and manipulationof biomolecules to tailored substrates, nanoparticles for targeted drugrelease and imaging at the single molecule level.Nanotechnology7
iopscience.org/nanoResearch papersNanotechnology publishes papers at the forefront of nanoscale science and technology,and especially those of an interdisciplinary nature. Submissions should containsignificant and original new science, and make substantial advances in nanoscience.Nanocluster of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticlescoated with poly (dopamine) for magnetic field-targeting, highlysensitive MRI and photothermal cancer therapyMing Wu, Da Zhang, Yongyi Zeng, Lingjie Wu, Xiaolong Liu and Jingfeng Liu2015 Nanotechnology 26 115102Xiaolong LiuThe United Innovation ofMengchao HepatobiliaryTechnology Key Laboratoryof Fujian ProvinceJingfeng LiuThe United Innovation ofMengchao HepatobiliaryTechnology Key Laboratoryof Fujian ProvinceAbstractIn this paper, a core–shell nanocomposite of clusters of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with poly(dopamine) (SPION clusters@PDA) is fabricated as a magnetic field-directed theranostic agent that combines the capabilities of highly sensitive magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) and photothermal cancer therapy. The highly concentrated SPION cluster coreis suitable for sensitive MRI due to its superparamagnetic properties, and the poly(dopamine)coating layer can induce cancer cell death under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation becauseof the photothermal conversion ability of PDA. MRI scanning reveals that the nanocompositehas relatively high r 2 and r 2* relaxivities, and the r 2* values are nearly threefold higher than ther 2 values because of the clustering of the SPIONs in the nanocomposite core. Due to the rapidresponse to magnetic field gradients, enhanced cellular uptake of our nanocomposite mediated by an external magnetic field can be achieved, thus producing significantly enhanced localphotothermal killing efficiency against cancer cells under NIR irritation.Figure 2 from Ming Wu, Da Zhang, Yongyi Zeng, Lingjie Wu, Xiaolong Liu and Jingfeng Liu 2015 Nanotechnology 26 1151028 Nanotechnology
iopscience.org/nanoThermal conduction in single-layer black phosphorus:highly anisotropic?Jin-Wu Jiang2015 Nanotechnology 26 055701Jin-Wu JiangShanghai Institute ofApplied Mathematicsand MechanicsAbstractThe single-layer black phosphorus is characteristic for its puckered structure, which hasled to distinct anisotropy in its optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. We use thenon-equilibrium Green’s function approach and the first-principles method to investigate thethermal conductance for single-layer black phosphorus in the ballistic transport regime, inwhich the phonon–phonon scattering is neglected. We find that the anisotropy in the thermalconduction is very weak for the single-layer black phosphorus—the difference between twoin-plane directions is less than 4%. Our phonon calculations disclose that the out-of-planeacoustic phonon branch has lower group velocities in the direction perpendicular to the pucker,as the black phosphorus is softer in this direction, leading to a weakening effect for the thermalconductance in the perpendicular direction. However, the longitudinal acoustic phonon branchbehaves abnormally; i.e., the group velocity of this phonon branch is higher in the perpendiculardirection, although the single-layer black phosphorus is softer in this direction. The abnormalbehavior of the longitudinal acoustic phonon branch is closely related to the highly anisotropicPoisson’s ratio in the single-layer black phosphorus. As a result of the counteraction betweenthe out-of-plane phonon mode and the in-plane phonon modes, the thermal conductance in theperpendicular direction is weaker than the parallel direction, but the anisotropy is pretty small.Method for making a single-step etch mask for 3D monolithicnanostructuresD A Grishina, C A M Harteveld, L A Woldering and W L Vos2015 Nanotechnology 26 505302Diana GrishinaUniversity of TwenteWillem VosUniversity of TwenteAbstractCurrent nanostructure fabrication by etching is usually limited to planar structures as they aredefined by a planar mask. The realization of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures by etchingrequires technologies beyond planar masks. We present a method for fabricating a 3D mask thatallows one to etch three-dimensional monolithic nanostructures using only CMOS-compatibleprocesses. The mask is written in a hard-mask layer that is deposited on two adjacent inclinedsurfaces of a Si wafer. By projecting in a single step two different 2D patterns within one 3D maskon the two inclined surfaces, the mutual alignment between the patterns is ensured. Therebyafter the mask pattern is defined, the etching of deep pores in two oblique directions yields athree-dimensional structure in Si. As a proof of concept we demonstrate 3D mask fabrication forthree-dimensional diamond-like photonic band gap crystals in silicon. The fabricated crystalsreveal a broad stop gap in optical reflectivity measurements. We propose how 3D nanostructures with five different Bravais lattices can be realized, namely cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and hexagonal, and demonstrate a mask for a 3D hexagonal crystal. We alsodemonstrate the mask for a diamond-structure crystal with a 3D array of cavities. In general, the2D patterns on the different surfaces can be completely independently structured and still bein perfect mutual alignment. Indeed, we observe an alignment accuracy of better than 3.0 nmbetween the 2D mask patterns on the inclined surfaces, which permits one to etch well-definedmonolithic 3D nanostructures.Nanotechnology9
Focus r Focus Collections comprisea diverse selection of exclusivearticles, each serving to highlightexciting work conducted inactive areas of particular currentinterest. Leading researchersact as Guest Editors to thesehigh-impact Focus Collections.Look inside for details on someof our ongoing Focus Collectionswith highlights from our closedcollections.
3D PrintingScanning ProbeMicroscopyMetamaterialsGuest EditorsMadhusudan Singh andGhassan JabbourGuest EditorsJohannes Barth, Franz Giessibland Rodolfo MirandaGuest EditorsAnatoly Zayats and Stefan Maier3D printing methods have receiveda great deal of attention in thelast few years as some of theconstituent technologies havematured, and some long-standingpatents expired, enabling hobbyistuse. The focus of this collectionis on scientific and engineeringadvances that have beendemonstrated, and in turn, promiseto contribute significantly to manyareas of everyday life.This scope of this Focus Collectionextends to all areas of SPM andSTM, including establishedtechniques, as well as new andnovel ones. This includes findingsin the areas of materials science,semiconductor science, andbiological sciences, as well asdevelopments to instrumentationand detection methods, theoreticalfindings, high-speed AFM and more.The Focus Collection is aimedat providing a collection ofcontributions that describerecent progress in the developmentof metamaterials and theirapplications, specifically relatingto the designs at the nanoscale.Topics of interest include,plasmonic, dielectric and semiconductor metamaterials as wellas new fabrication approachesfor metamaterials.Focus Collectionsin Nanotechnology“The strong response to this Focus Collection is a sign that single-molecule,nanotechnology-based devices are up and coming, and will make importantcontributions to precision medicine in the coming years.Stuart Lindsay, Arizona State University,Guest Editor of Focus on DNA Sequencing
RNAi DeliveryPerovskite Solar CellsQuantum InformationProcessingGuest EditorsDan Peer and Jeff KarpGuest EditorsTze-Chien Sum and Nam-Gyu ParkGuest EditorsJonathan Baugh andXuedong HuThe scope of this Focus Collectionpredominantly covers RNAiinterference but more generallyconcerns the future of molecularmedicine. Specific challengesinclude cell-specific targeting ofnanoscale RNAi delivery systems,as well as amphiphilic micelles forsiRNA delivery, and endosomalescape.This Focus Collection aims tohighlight the recent progressin the synthesis, preparationand characterization studies ofperovskite-based solar cells. Italso aims to showcase the widearray of experimental, theoreticaland computational tools availableto cross-discipline researchers totackle the challenges in the field.The aim of this collection is tocapture the latest advances insolid-state systems for quantuminformation processing andquantum communication. Thefocus is on meso- and nanoscaledevices and structures that host,measure and control qubits or otherquantum states useful for quantuminformation processing.Benefits of publishing in a Focus Collection Articles are added to the collection on an ongoing basis, eliminating publication delay. Articles often benefit from additional promotion such as editorials and webinars. All articles are freely available to read online for 90 days. Articles are subject to rapid peer review from expert referees and Guest Editors. Each Focus Collection has its own dedicated webpage that features all articles published.The majority of Focus Collection articles are invited, but we do also encourage non-commissioned contributions. If youbelieve that you have a suitable article in preparation please send your pre-submission query to nano@iop.org.
Big, Deep and SmartData in st EditorsSergei Kalinin, Bobby Sumpterand Ichiro TakeuchiGuest EditorMichele PeregoGuest EditorsLogan Liu, Frank Vollmer andXianqiang MiThis collection captures the recentadvances in the application ofbig data to materials science. Thisis in terms of the output of imaging,theoretical, computational andsynthesis tools to physically andchemically relevant information,and establishing synergies acrossthe field.An extensive and completeoverview of current nanofabricationapproaches, discussing their presentlimitations and future developments.We cover all the scientific andtechnological aspects related tothe fabrication of nanostructures,offering the possibility to dispatchrecent experimental and theoreticalresults about the developmentof key enabling technologies forthe manipulation of matter at thenanoscale.This Focus Collection centres onthe rapidly blossoming field ofbiosensing, with a particular focuson the use of nanotechnology tofacilitate research within this area.The scope of the collection willcover the broad range of biosensingtechniques currently ongoingcovering the following domains:optical, electrical and mechanical.Highlights from closed Focus CollectionsFOCUS ON DNA SEQUENCING1/f noise in graphene nanoporesS J Heerema, G F Schneider, M Rozemuller, L Vicarelli, H W Zandbergen and C Dekker 2015 Nanotechnology 26 074001Graphene nanopores receive great attention due to their atomically thin membranes and intrinsic electrical properties thatappear greatly beneficial for biosensing and DNA sequencing. Here, we present an extensive study of the low-
have also introduced Nanotechnology Select, where every couple of weeks chosen papers are collated and featured on the homepage. The articles are also highlighted in a news article on nanotechweb.org by one of our journalists. The journal has embraced the multimedia
Nanotechnology in Cancer 15 years Perspective 2020 NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Portal Piotr Grodzinski . Number of nanotechnology R01 applications to NCI has been growing rapidly; Alliance Nanotechnology program acted as a seed and enabler to expanding NCI nanotechnology
nanotechnology can provide to breast cancer therapy, nanotechnology may in fact become the panacea for scientists, practitioners, and patients. Workshop 4: Nanotechnology in Cosmetics Nanotechnology is being used today in various aspects of cosmetic manufacturing. It is believed that this new technolo-gy can improve the product quality and .
development of nanotechnology over time in the sphere of wastewater treatment, and examines the influence of nanomaterials on human health and environment, while also providing a review of future development trends in nanotechnology. Key words: nanotechnology, wastewater treatment, nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanofiltration, nanoadsorbents
nanotechnology development community and identify the needs and opportuni-ties of computer science research in nanotechnology. In particular we look at . Computer science offers more opportunities for nanotechnology. Soft Computing techniques such as swarm intelligence,
1. PIONEER AWARD IN NANOTECHNOLOGY The NTC Pioneer Award in nanotechnology is to recognize individuals who by virtue of initiating new areas of research, development or engineering have had a significant impact on the field of nanotechnology. The award is intended for people who are in the mid or
excluding those for nanotechnology-specific FOAs, nanotechnology themed applications more than doubled (from 3.0% to 6.5%; Red line, Figure 1A). Interestingly, while nanotechnology-themed applications are on the rise in the NCI R01 pool, scoring for these applications still lags behind that of the overall NCI R01 application pool. In
Key words: Nanotechnology, cancer, nanoparticles, toxicity. 1. Introduction Nanotechnology literally means any technology on a nanoscale that has applications in the real world. Nanotechnology deals with the physical, chemical, and biological systems at dimensions ranging from single atoms or molecules to submicron and the
Nanotechnology is the field which is making an impact in all spheres of human life. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary as well as an interdisciplinary area of inquiry and application. The broad spectrum of applications that nanotechnology is and will be catering to speaks of its omnipresence.1 Be it in agriculture,
