Of Geography
CONTENTSFive Themesof GeographyM1Understanding Movementsof EarthUnderstanding GlobesMap Projectionsf-GOq&nlingHHSihool.comM2M4M6How to Use a MapPolitical and Physical MapsSpecial-Purpose MapsHuman MigrationWorld Land UseM8M10M12M't4M16web Code lap-0000 for all of the mapsin this handbook.UseFive Themesof GeographyStudying the geography of the entire world is ahuge task. You cair make that task easier by using thefive themes of geography: location, regions, place,movement, and human-environment interaction. Thethemes are tools you can use to organize informationand to answer the where, why, and how of geography.tELocation answers the question, "Where is it?"* You can think of the location of a continentor a country as its address. You might give anabsolute location such as 22 South Lake Street or '40" N and 80" W. You might also use a relativeaddress, telling where one place is by referrirg . .,,,,to another place. Between school andthe mall and eight miles east ofPleasant City are examplesof relative ills HandbookMapMaster-MIi'ri-s:.68q;:i1iaALocationThis museum in England has aline running through it. The linemarks its location at 0o longitude,;
t"n"Regions are areas that share at least onecommon feature. Geographers divide'*'lE Place identifies the natural and human*,,# features that make one place differentfrom every other place. You can identi ra specific place by its landforms, climate,plants, animals, people, language, orculture. You might even think of place as ageographic signature. Use the signature tohelp you understand the natural and humanfeatures that make one place difFerent fromevery other place.the world into many types of regions. Forexample, countries, states, and cities arepolitical regions. The people in any one ofthese places live under the same government.Other features, such as climate and culture,can be used to define regions. Therefore thesame place can be found in more than oneregion. For example, the state of Hawaii is inthe political region of the United States.Because it has a tropical climate, Hawaii isalso part of a tropical climate region.{fHuman-environment interaction* , F 15.r'rr.s on the relationship betweenpeople and the environment. As people livein an area, they often begin to make changesto it, usually to make their lives easier. Forexample, they might build a dam to controi'flooding during rainy seasons. Also, theenvironment can afFect how people live,work, dress, travel, and communicate.Movement answers the question, "HowF *Fdo people, goods, and ideas move fromplace to place?" Remember that what happens in one place often affects what happensin another. Use the theme of movement tohelp you trace the spread of goods, people,and ideas from one location to another.{lnteractionThese Congolese womeninteract with their environmentby gathering wood for cooking.PRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLS12Describe your town or city,using each of the five themesof geography.Name at least one thing thatcomes into your town or cityand one that goes out. How iseach moved? Where does itcome from? Where does it go?MapMaster Skills Handbook M1
VUnderstandingMovements of EarthThe planet Earth is part of our solar system. Earthrevolves around the sun in a nearly circular path calledan orbit. A revolution, or one complete orbit around thesun, takes 365 % days, or one year. As Earth orbits thesun, it also spins on its axis, an invisible line through thecenter of Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole.This movement is called a rotation.---\darkness.ffirt-,.&Gtt''i!''.1-fi,i-\\ 'fi'*iffi{:1. ::TrymmEarth tilts at anangle of 23.5".Earth takes about 24 hours to make one fullrotation on its axis. As Earth rotates, it is daytimeon the side facing the sun. It is night on the sideaway from the sun.{ Summerbegins--rttr.rOn June 21 or 22, the sun is directlyoverhead at the Tropic of Cancer. TheNorthern Hemisphere receives thegreatest number of sunlight hours.ffiM2MapMaster Skills Handbookis---:,,'ffiHow Night Changes lnto DayThe line of Earth's axisSpring beginsOn March 20 or 21, the sundirectly overhead at theEquator. The Northern andSouthern Hemispheresreceive almost equal hoursof sunlight i
IThe SeasonsPRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLSEarth's axis is tilted at an angle. Because ofthis tilt, sunlight strikes different parts ofEarth at different times in the year, creatingseasons. The illustration below shows howthe seasons are created in the NorthernHemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere,the seasons are reversed.a-]- -:What causes the seasons in theNorthern Hemisphere to be theopposite of those in theSouthern Hemisphere?During which two days of theyear do the NorthernHemisphere and SouthernHemisphere have equal hoursof daylight and darkness?Earth orbits the sun at66,600 miles per hour(1 07,244 ki lometers per:hour).AWinter beginsAround December 21, thesun is directly overhead atthe Tropic of Capricorn inthe 5outhern Hemisphere.The Northern Hemisphereis tilted away from the sun.FIH7Diagram not to scaleffi g*ffie*{Autumn beginsOn September 22 or 23, the sun isdirectly overhead at the Equator.Again, the hemispheres receivealmost equal hours of sunlightand darkness.r',iffi&H *ts4Btr8i!MapMaster Skills Handbook M3
Understanding GlobesNorthernHemisphereA globe is a scale model of Earth. It shows theactual shapes, sizes, and locations of all Earth'slandmasses and bodies of water. Features on thesurface of Earth are drawn to scale on a globe. Thismeans that a small unit of measure on the globestands for a large unit of measure on Earth.Equator( ooSouthernHemisphereThe North Pole is 90onorth of the Equator.Parallels of LatitudeGeographers divide the globe along imaginaryhorizontal lines called parallels of latitude.One of these latitude lines is theEquator, located halfiaray betweenthe North and South Poles.Parallels of latitude aremeasured in degrees ('). Onedegree of latitude representsa distance of about69 miles (111 kilometers). dAll the latitudes, land,and water north ofthe Equator are in theNorthern Hemisphere.The Equator marksoo latitude anddivides Earth intothe Southern-and NorthernHemispheres.All the latitudes, land, and watersouth of the Equator are in theSouthern Hemisphere.The South Pole is 90osouth of the Equator.:@M4MapMaster Skills Handbook'ffi#trH i S#tr#: rjf!-ari;I: i5:::L!4:latitude)
Meridians of LongitudePRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLSGeographers also divide the globe along imaginaryvertical lines called meridians of longitude, which aremeasured in degrees ('). The longitude line calledthe Prime Meridian runs from pole to pole throughWhich continents lie completelyin the Northern Hemisphere?ln the Western Hemisphere?Greenwich, England. All meridians of longitudecome together at the North and South Poles.there land or water at 20o 5latitude and the PrimeMeridian? At the Equator andls60" W longitude?AII the longitudes, land, andwater west of the PrimeMeridian are in the rePrime Meridian( 0olongitude) 3 - All the longitudes, land,and water east of the PrimeMeridian are in the Eastern1200Hemisphere.'l 100The Prime Meridian marks 0olongitude and divides theglobe into the Eastern andWestern Hemispheres.,. ";t';,,";,r.,, t,l,t,tt,,,;t;,,,r,,,,,.The Global Grid,/\I\Together, the pattern of parallels oflatitude and meridians of longitude iscalled the global grid. Using the linesof latitude and longitude, you canlocate any place on Earth. For example,the location of 30o north latitude and90o west longitude is usually written as30o N, 90oW. Only one place on Earthhas these coordinates-the city of NewOrleans, in the state of Louisiana.WA CompassWherever you are onEarth, a compass canbe used to showdirection.MapMaster Skills Handbook M5
ir,&Map ProjectionsMaps are drawings that show regions on flatsurfaces. Maps are easier to use and carrythan globes, but they cannot show thecorrect size and shape of every feature onEarth's curved surface. They must shrinksome places and stretch others. To makeup for this distortion, mapmakers usedifferent map projections. No oneprojection can accurately show thecorrect area, shape, distance, and directionfor all of Earth's surface. Mapmakers use theprojection that has the least distortion for theinformation they are presenting.turn Earth into a same-shapemap. mapmakers must stretchthe gores into rectangles.ToMap projections that accurately showthe shapes of landmasses are calledsame-shape maps. However, theseprojections often greatJy distort, ormake less accurate, the size oflandmasses as well as the distancebetween them. In the projectionbelow, the northern and southernareas of the globe appear morestretched than the areas near theEquator.Stretching the gores makesparts of Earth larger. Thisenlargement becomesgreater toward the Northand South Poles.FOne of the most common same-shape maps is theMercator projection, named for the mapmakerwho invented it. The Mercator projectionaccurately shows shape and direction, but itdistorts distance and size. Because the projectionshows true directions, ships' navigators use it tochart a straight-line course between two ports.M6MapMaster Skills HandbookGlobalgoresFlattening a globecreates a string ofshapes called gores.Same-Shape MapsMercator projectionA
Equal-Area MapsMap projections that show the correct sizeof landmasses are called equal-area maps.In order to show the correct size oflandmasses, these maps usually distortshapes. The distortion is usually greater atthe edges of the map and less at the center.Toturn Earth's surfaceinto an equal-areamap, mapmakers h'aveto squeeze each goreThe tips of all the gores are then joinedtogether. The points at which they joinform the North and South Poles. The lineof the Equator stays the same.into an oval. EIsiEIEIE{BNorth Pole)a,,:HEEf"BIEEIE::Robinson MapsMany of the maps in this book use the Robinsonprojection, which is a compromise between theMercator and equal-area projections. The Robinsonprojection'gives a useful overall picture of theworld. It keeps the size and shape relationships ofmost continents and oceans, but distortsthe size of the polar regions.,i::iEiEIHHffiHSouth PoleThe entire topedge of the mapisHthe North Pole.The map is leastdistorted at theEquator.The entire bottomedge of the map isthe South Pole.ryffi:W***j{MapMaster Skills Handbook' MV
How to Use a MapLocatorsrobeMapmakers provide several clues to help youunderstand the information on a map.provide different clues, depending ontheir purpose or scale. However,. ritlemost -up, have several clues/ llll"fMany maps are shown withlocator slobes. rhey show"*'Maps ]iff ;Hi:,', 'j:o'l:-r -in common.\\rhesubjecthave a title'IIM:ff["'iJr:'the\\Compass roseMany maps show direction bydisplaying a compass rose withthe directions north, east,south, and west. The lettersE, S, and W are placed toWestern EuropeN,indicate these directions.SHTTLANDISLANDS2A'E(u.K.)i:l :tKeyCopenhagenWSUUVVOften a map has a key, orlegend. The key shows thesymbols and colors usedDEhJMARKUNITEDon the map, and whateach one means.'.,. ,LlarnburgBerlinGERMANYf,rankfurtNational border@.National capitalOther cityScale barA scale bar helps youfind the actual distancesbetween points shownon the map. Most scalebars show distances inboth miles \\It:4too(5pain)300Lambert Azimuthal Equal AreaM8BALEARTcISLANDSMapMaster Skills Handbook
Maps of Different ScalesMaps are drawn to different scales, dependingon their purpose. Here are three maps drawnto very dif[erent scales. Keep in mind that Amaps showing large areas have smaller. -scales. Maps showing small areas have,ni,. ilarger,fr , ififfiscales.&Central LondonFind the gray square on themap of Greater London. Thissquare represents the areashown on the map above. Thismap moves you closer into thecenter of London. Like theAGreater LondonFind the gray square on the main map of WesternEurope (left). This square represents the area shownzoom on a computer or acamera, this map shows asmaller area but in greaterdetail. lt has the largest scale(1 inch represents about 0.9mile). You can use this map toexplore downtown London.Key&j::Point of interestIimiles:--ometers0.50 ki1PRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLSBui,t-upareaE{Citv or countv'0' trlofboider3"N@aNdtional ."omite)--i'ot"t"rsrirpo.t'10What part of a map explainsthe colors used on the map?2020How does the scale bar changeLambert Conformal Coricdepending on the scale of theTown orneighborhoodmap?Which map would be best forfinding the location of theBritish Museum? Explain why.Bffi;"9SffiHr ;r.;ijlM--&g1on the map above. lt shows London's boundaries,the general shape of the city, and the featuresaround the city. This map can help you find yourway from the airport to the center of town.KeyJ3Park04::HffiffiMapMaster Skills Handbook M91B1:
Political MapsPRACTICE YOUR-GEOGRAPHY SKILLSPolitical maps show political borders: continents,countries, and divisions within countries, such asstates or provinces. The colors on political maps donot have any special meaning, but they make themap easier to read. Political maps also includeqlzmbols and labels for capitals, cities, and towns.What symbols show a nationalborder, a national capital, anda city?WhatisAngola's capital city?PoliticalAfricaKey,i,,))r1,rMADEIRA'National borderAloiers Tunis@,roii or,--;l,raitu]lf,'Rabat,r\.ANARY T'LANDS UPEqWESTERN@.frr*,r,oCasablanca 'dNational capitalOther city1 TANIANouakchottNIGERPraiaGUINEA-/: GUINEA/-ponakry]' L.BISSAU oFreetown f L,SIERRA LEONE {OMonroviaEQUATORIAL GUINEA56oTom6* aIakr Tangaq tia Dar es Salaamt- t*kz(Angola)Luanda@I lNya'a--,.r/lxtr Vr" lil . . , SenegalDakar is the capital of Senegal, inWest Africa. lts Presidential Palaceoverlooks the Atlantic Ocean.lvlaputoMapMaster Skills Handbook,.MAURITIUSPott Louis 6REUNION'r'(France)rg. p*-l\sli/Aztl"ran -tR.SOUTHua.p er9wno AFRICALaDe of booo lesrkilometers1,000001.000
.Physica1 MapsPRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLSPhysical maps represent what a region looks like byshowing its major physical features, such as hillsand plains. Physical maps also often show elevationand relief. Elevation, indicated by colors, is theheight of the land above sea level. Relief, indicatedby shading, shows how sharply the land rises or falls.Which areas of Africa have thehighest elevation?How can you use relief to plana hiking trip?PhysicalAfricaKeyELEVATIONFeetN4etersMore thaR13,0006,500-1 3,000:.:l *1,60H,500{ins200-4800-6506. .E)f1,980-3,960480-1,980650-1,600rMore than3,9600-200Below sea levelBelow sea levelNational borderDisputed border/ tnkeChad L/NTLANTICd-{*1wffieC)n oO\l/CongoSBasinINDIANPlain . i:.:. ZanzibarOCEAN.a-o)7-,-6K,A The Congo BasinThe Congo Basin is a majorphysical feature of Africa. The keyshows that its elevation is withinthe range of 650/,GOO feet.ffi'''.",9'o'.o0 milesF-- r r kilometeE1,000OLambert Azimuthal Equal Area'ape of Good/MapMaster Skills HandbookMl1
Special-Purpose Maps:PRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLSClimateWhat part of a special-purposemap tells you what the colorson the map mean?Unlike the boundary lines on a political map, theboundary lines on climate maps do not separatethe land into exact divisions. For example, in thisclimate map of India, a tropical wet climate graduallychanges to a tropical wet and dry climate.Where are arid regions locatedin lndia? Are there major citiesin those regions?India: Climate RegionsKeyrtIt IilTropical wetTropical wet and dryEEHumid subtropicalHighlandSemiaridNational borderAridCityMYANMAR20.N,#.Mumbai(Bombay)Aar*S! Chennai(Madras)- ta' NsRr0miles0kllometers,LANKA500500Lambert Conformal ConicARain in DelhiOne of Delhi's features as a place is itshumid subtropical climate. During itsrainy season, Delhi receives heavy rainfall.::'1 9',i1 :.fi1i:r :lM12MapMaster Skills Handbook
Special-Purpose Maps:LanguagePRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLSWhat color represents theMalayalam language on this map?This map shows the official languages of India. Anofficial language is the language used by the government. Even though a region has an official language,the people there may speak other languages as well.As in other special-purpose maps, the key explainshow the different languages appear on the map.Where in lndiaisTamil theofficial language?The Hindi language )Hindi is the most widelyspoken language in lndia. ltis also the most popularlanguage in Delhi.,,,N4MYANMARGujarato"mLi& EiuMumbail(Bombay)ilndia: Official LanguagesKey15"ArNKarnatakaI\* r'lfSSRl luguMarathiTamilUrdu5oonbert Conformal Conict lHindi- l borderState bordercityMapMaster Skills Handbook /Ii[13
Human MigrationExplorers arriveVln 1492, Christopher Columbus setsail from Spain for the Americas withMigration'is an important partof the study of geography. Sincethe beginning of history, peoplethree ships. The ships shown hereare replicas of those ships.have been on the moYe. As peoplemove, they both shape and areshaped by their environments.Wherever people go, the culturethey bring with them mixes withthe cultures of the place in whichthey have settled.:*TLANTICi,,.OCEAN(5Pain)MexicoCity'4aF ".:1 ''1 ' '/,,'.DUTcHPanamacity.NEW,.t'::'.f: -.-.'." "* a;'.":- .:.;. ?:,rir-.:E:,, .':''' -1--'it'., '"t,-r.recEry:';r':.- - :.w.GlEEdGIfi!-Eflpyramid,,ir NativeNative AmericanAmerican pyramid.r : . -:- - tL when Europeans arrivedin rL the Americas, thelands they found were not empty. Diverse groupsof people with distinct cultures already lived there. Thetemple-topped pyramid shown above was built n)GUIANAGUIANA-FRENCH(France):.: \ \ i.i i.-lt''- 't' ' : ,':" :.'t-rlPERU" '' (spain)ILima.ima (Spain)' ' .cuzcolr-.,an lndians16,.t; . in; Mexico,t\r -;- longl beforer. { , Columbus. 1,,*r.,,. sailed.-il nMayan""):'a.'''"tBRAZIL(Portugal)rorosrPotosiRIO DELA PLATA(SPain)Migration to the Americas, 1500-1800A huge wave of migration from the EasternHemisphere began in the 1500s. European explorersin the Americas paved the way for hundreds of yearsof European settlement there. Forced migration fromAfrica started soon afterward, as Europeans began toimport African slaves to work in the Americas. Themap to the right shows these migrations.M14MapMaster Skills Handbookconceoci6nomiresffiWagner Vll1,ooobrenosAires
PRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLSWhere did the Portuguesesettle in the Americas?Would you describe Africanmigration at this time as aresult of both push factors andpull factors? Explain whyor why LIlt- Rgn'i "/";eonrucnl/sPAlN"Push" and "Pull" FactorsMOROCCOGeographers describe a people's choiceto migrate in terms of "push" factorsand "pu11" factors. Push factors arethings in people's lives that push themto leave, such as poverty and politicalunrest. Pull factors are things inanother country that pull people tomove there, including better livingconditions and hopes of better jobs.M"W;H-#*#"ATLANTI.rffi&*O CEANMigration to Latin America, 1500-1800KeyEuropean migrationAfrican migrationNational or colonial borderTraditional African borderLIlAfrican StateEntI[]ffi'Efi#*#SffiffiASpain and possessionsPortugal and possessionsNetherlands and possessionsFrance and possessionsEImina, GhanaElmina, in Ghana, is one of the many ports fromwhich slaves were transported from Africa.Because slaves and gold were traded here,stretches of the western African coast wereknown as the Slave Coast and the Gold Coast.England and possessions;ffiffi*ffi""''"'.''''*."'ffiMapMaster Skills Handbook M15
WorldLand UseWorld Land UseKeyPeople around the world have many differenteconomic structures, or ways of making a living.Land-use maps are one way to learn about thesestructures. The ways that people use the land ineach region tell us about the main ways thatpeople in that region make a living.Nomadic herdingHunting and gatheringForestryLivestock raisingCommercial farmingSubsistence farmingManufacturing andtrade.Little or no activityNational borderDisputed border11---J \AWheat farming in the United StatesDeveloped countries practice commercialfarming rather than subsistence farming.Commercial farming is the production offood mainly for sale, either within thecountry or for export to other countries.1?Commercial farmers like these in Oregonoften use heavy equipment to farm.SOUTHLevels of DevelopmentNotice on the map key the termsubsistence farming. This termmeans the production of foodmainly for use by the farmer's ownfamily. In less-developed countries,subsistence farming is often one ofthe main economic activities. Incontrast, in developed countriesthere is little subsistence farming.AGrowing barley in EcuadorSubsistence farmers like this one inEcuador use hand tools to harvestbarley. They use most of their crop tofeed themselves or their farm animals.M160 miles0kilometersRobinsonMapMaster Skills Handbook-2,000
PRACTICE YOURGEOGRAPHY SKILLSln what parts of the worldissubsistence farming the mainland use?Locate where manufacturin gand trade are the main landuse. Are they found more oftennear areas of subsistencefarming or areas of commercialfarming? Why might this be so?A Growing rice in VietnamWomen in Vietnam plant rice in wet rice paddies, using thesame planting methods their ancestors did.*Fi3 i HF*"EU#ffi:,i4 Herding cattle in KenyaBesides subsistence farming,nomadic herding is anothereconomic activity in Africa.This man drives his cattleacross the Kenyan grasslands.MapMaster Skills Handbook /M17
Target Reading SkillsThe Target Reading Skills introduced on this page will help you understand the words and ideas in this book and in other social studies reading you do. Each chapter focuses on one of these reading skills. Goodreaders develop a bank of reading strategies, or skills. Then they drawon the particular strategies that will help them understand the textthey are reading.:B rargetReading SkillUsing the Reading Process Previewing canhelp you understand and remember whatyou read. You will practice using the readingprocess in these chapters: Chapter 1,Chapter 10, Chapter 18@ targetReading SkillClarifying Meaning ln these chapters, youwill use several skills to clarify the meaningof a word or an idea. Chapter 2,Chapter 11, Chapter 15, Chapter 22:8 farget ReadingSkillUsing Context ln these chapters, you willpractice using context clues to help youunderstand the meaning of unfamiliarwords. Chapter 3, Chapter 19Qrarge! Reading SkillUsing Cause and Effect You will practicerecognizing cause and effect to help youunderstand relationships among the situations and events you are reading about.Chapter4, Chapter 13, Chapter 15, Chapter2l@ targetReading SkillIdentifying the Main ldea The main ideaof a section or paragraph is the most important point, the one you want to remember.ln these chapters, you will practice identifying both stated and implied main ideas andidentifying supporting details. Chapter 5,Chapter 9, Chapter 12, Chapter 17,Chapter 20@ rargetReading SkillUsing Sequence Understand sequencethe order in which a series of events occurshelps you to remember and understandevents. You will practicing using sequence inthese chapters. Chapter 6, Chapter 14:B farget ReadingSkillMaking Comparisons andContrasts When you compare, you examine the similarities between things. Whenyou contrast, you look at the differences.You will practice making comparisons andcontrast in this chapter. Chapter 7:B rargetReading SkillUsing Word Analysis You can analyzewords to determine their meanings. ln thischapter, you will practice using word parts(such as roots, prefixes, and suffixes) andrecognizing word origins. Cftapter 8M18 History of Our World
Mercator projection F One of the most common same-shape maps is the Mercator projection, named for the mapmaker who invented it. The Mercator projection accurately shows shape and direction, but it distorts distance and size. Because the projection shows true directions, ships' navigators
systematic geography is divided into four main branches. GEOGRAPHY MODULE - 1 The study of Geography as a discipline Notes 5 Nature of Geography as a discipline (i) Physical geography, (ii) Biogeography, including environmental geography, (iii) Human geography, (iv) Geographical methods and techniques
B. Geography . 3 H u m a n / P h y s i c a l TEACHER’S NOTE: Prior to the comple-1. Elements of geography . Geography tion of the two-year global history and a. Human geography . Movement of . geography program, students should . b. Physical geography . People and have a clear understanding of the human c. Political geography . Goods . and .
GEOG 100 Introduction to Physical Geography GEOG-101 (3) Physical Geography GEOG 200 World Regional Geography GEOG-108 (3) World Regional Geography GEOG xxx General Education Social Science GEOG-102 (3) GEOG-107 (3) GEOG-111 (3) Cultural Geography Urban Geography Geography of California HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION HSA 205 Intro to the .
4 Syllabus Paper-II : Human Geography Section-A Definition, aims and scope of Human Geography, relation of Human Geography with other social sciences. Principles of Human Geography. Essential facts of Human Geography according to Brunhes and Huntington. Schools of thought in Human Geography : Determinism, Stop and go determinism and
2 1. Geography is the study of places and people. 2. Studying location is important to both physical and human geography. 3. Geography and history are closely connected. Physical geography and human geography contribute to the study of history. Main Ideas The Big Idea Key Terms geography, p.
ABOUT PRE-AP WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY 11 Introduction to Pre-AP World History and Geography 11 Pre-AP World History and Geography Areas of Focus 15 Pre-AP World History and Geography and Career Readiness 16 Summary of Resources and Supports 17 Pre-AP World History and Geography: Two Pathways 18 Course Map: Pathway 1 20 Course Map: Pathway 2
GEOG 102 Cultural Geography (3)(F98) GEOG 104 California Geography (3)(SU09) GEOG 105 Economic Geography (3)(F00) GEOG 106 Geography of Health (3)(S19) GEOG 107 Intro to Global Studies (3)(S19) GEOG 110 World Regional Geography (3)(F97) . GEOG 101 Physical Geography (3) .
1. R.L. Singh and Others – India : A Regioanl Geography 2. R.C. Tiwari, - Geography of India 3. J. Singh – A Comprehensive Geography of India 4. P.R. Chauhan & Mahatam Prasad - Geography of India 5. Spate – India and Pakistan 6. R.P. Mishra – Regional Development Planning in India 7. B.L. Sukhawal – Political Geography in India 8. R.
