Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs

Ancient EgyptianPharaohs

L.O. to design and create aPharaoh

What was a Pharaoh? A Pharaoh was the most importantand powerful person in Egypt. The Pharaoh was the political andreligious leader of the Egyptian people. The people of Egypt considered thePharaoh to be a half-man, half-god.

Ancient PharaohsName: Narmer (also known as Menes)Gender: MaleDate of Birth: 3180 BCDate of Death: 3120 BCDate of Reign: 31st century BCMarried to: NeithhotepLocation of Burial: Umm el-Qaab, AbydosDid you know? Narmer reigned for 62 years and it is believed that he waskilled by a hippopotamus!Photo courtesy of nefer202020 (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Narmer: The First Egyptian PharaohSummary of reign:The first pharaoh of Egypt was Narmer, whounited Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. Egypt wasonce divided into two kingdoms. The kingdom inLower Egypt was called the red crown and the onein Upper Egypt was known as the white crown.Around 3100 B.C. Narmer, the pharaoh of thenorth, conquered the south and Egypt becameunited. He founded the first capital of Egyptwhere the two lands met. It was called Memphis.The story of Ancient Egypt begins from when thenorth and the south were united as one country.Remembered because: He was not the first to attempt unifying Egypt, but hewas the first to accomplish it, bringing together what had previously beentwo separate tribes."NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM" by Keith Schengili-Roberts - Own Work (photo). Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Ancient PharaohsName: King DjoserGender: MaleDate of Birth: UnknownDate of Death: 2649 BCDate of Reign: 2668BC - 2649 BCMarried to: HetephernebtyLocation of Burial: Step Pyramid atSaqqaraDid you know? He was the first Egyptian Pharaoh viewed not just as a ruler,but also as a god.Photo courtesy of pyramidtextsonline (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

King Djoser: The Great BuilderSummary of reign:Djoser increased the wealth ofEgypt by exploring the SinaiPeninsula area looking forturquoise, copper and otherprecious metals. He was a greatmilitary commander, who wagedsuccessful wars against theinhabitants of the SinaiPeninsula. He built many templesand shrines, including a greattemple at Heliopolis.Remembered because: He was responsible for the world's first knownmonumental stone building, the Step Pyramid at Sakkara. The main purposeof the step pyramid served to protect Djoser for eternity by protecting hismummy and wealth.Photo courtesy of isawnyu (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Ancient PharaohsName: Thutmose IIIGender: MaleDate of Birth: 1482 BCDate of Death: 1425 BCDate of Reign: 1479 to 1425 BCMarried to: Hatshepsut-MerytreLocation of Burial: Valley of the KingsDid you know? The discovery of Thutmose’s mummy showed this conqueringpharaoh was barely five feet tall!Photo courtesy of j. kunst (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Thutmose III: A Skilled WarriorSummary of reign:Thutmose III was a brilliant general who neverlost a battle. He brought the Egyptian empire tothe pinnacle of its power by conquering all ofSyria, crossing the Euphrates river to defeat theMitannians, and travelling south along the NileRiver to Sudan.Thutmose III built a great number of templesand monuments to commemorate his deeds. Healso set up a number of obelisks (a tall, foursided, narrow tapering monument), one ofwhich, called Cleopatra’s Needle, now stands onthe Embankment in London.Remembered because: His military achievements brought fabulous wealthAND power to Egypt.Photo courtesy of j. kunst (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Ancient PharaohsName: AkhenatenGender: MaleDate of Birth: 1380 BCDate of Death: 1334 BCDate of Reign: 1352-1334 BCMarried to: NefertitiLocation of Burial: Royal Tomb ofAkhenaten, AmarnaDid you know? Akhenaten wasn’t expecting to be King; He had an olderbrother who died unexpectedly.Photo courtesy of ya rayah 2007 (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Akhenaten: A Controversial RulerSummary of reign:Akhenaten rejected the traditionalreligion, announcing that the godsworshiped in Egypt were to be mergedinto one god, Aton, a sun deity - whospoke only to him. He closed all thetemples to the old gods.He moved the capital from Thebes to thecity he named Akhetaton, in MiddleEgypt.Remembered because: Akhenaten didn’t have the support of the people andhis new religion and city didn’t last after he died.Photo courtesy of miriam.mollerus (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Ancient PharaohsName: TutankhamunGender: MaleDate of Birth: 1343 BCDate of Death: 1328 BCDate of Reign: 1337 – 1328 BCMarried to: his half-sister,AnkhsenoomunLocation of Burial: Valley of the KingsDid you know? Forensic analysis of his mummy has put his age at death atabout 18.Photo courtesy of acientartpodcast.org (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Tutankhamun: The Boy KingSummary of reign:Tutankhamun's father's reforms left Egypt in a terriblestate. Tutankhamun restored the old religion and movedthe capital from Akhetaten back to its traditional home.He repaired the damage inflicted upon the templesduring Akhenaten’s reign. He constructed his tomb in theValley of the Kings. He also continued construction atthe Temple of Karnak.Remembered because: His tomb, containing fabulous treasures, wasdiscovered in 1922 by British archaeologists, Howard Carter and LordCarnarvon.He became pharaoh at the young age of nine and reigned at a time when theEgyptian Empire was at its height.

Ancient PharaohsName: Seti IGender: MaleDate of Birth: UnknownDate of Death: 1279 BCDate of Reign: 1290–1279 BCMarried to: Queen TuyaLocation of Burial: Valley of the KingsDid you know? Seti is thought by many historians to have been the greatestPharaoh of the 19th dynasty.Photo courtesy of Charlie Phillips (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Seti I: A Great RulerSummary of reign:Seti I built the Great Temple of Abydos alsoknown as the Osireion. He began the constructionof this significant temple and it was finishedduring the reign of his son, Ramses the Great.Seti I led the capture of a Syrian town called“Kadesh”. Many Pharaohs had unsuccessfullyattempted to take this land. Together with his son,they triumphantly entered Kadesh and built avictory monument at the site.Remembered because: Seti I had a great predicament during his reign. Thisbegan with a prophecy which stated that a boy would grow up to take histhrone. This alarmed him so much that he ordered his men to kill every malechild born in Egypt. You may remember this from the bible story of Moses.Photo courtesy of Argenberg (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Ancient PharaohsName: Ramses II (Ramses The Great)Gender: MaleDate of Birth: 1303BCDate of Death: 1213BCDate of Reign: 1279 BC – 1213 BCMarried to: NefertariLocation of Burial: Valley of the KingsDid you know? Ramses II was believed to have over 150 children!Photo courtesy of Charlie Phillips (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Ramses The GreatSummary of reign:During his reign as Pharaoh, Ramses II led theEgyptian army against several enemies including theHittites, Syrians, Libyans and Nubians. He expandedthe Egyptian Empire and secured its borders.Ramses II is also known as a great builder. He rebuiltmany of the existing temples in Egypt and built manynew structures of his own including: Ramesseumtemple, Abu Simbel temple and a new capital city ofEgypt called Pi-Ramesses.Remembered because: He lived to be over 90 years old. At the temple of AbuSimbel, he built 4 statues of himself which were 69 feet high!Photo courtesy of Jorge Lascar (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Ancient PharaohsName: HatshepsutGender: FemaleDate of Birth: 1508 BCDate of Death: 1458 BCDate of Reign: 1473 BC – 1458 BCMarried to: Thutmose IILocation of Burial: Valley of the KingsDid you know? Hatshepsut wanted people to accept her as a pharaoh so shebegan dressing like one by wearing a headdress with a cobra, a fake beardand a kilt – just like the men wore.

Hatshepsut: The second knownfemale pharaoh.Summary of reign:Hatshepsut was born an Egyptian princess as herFather was Thutmose I. At the very young age of 12,she married her stepbrother Thutmose II but when hedied, Hatshepsut helped rule the nation for her youngnephew and stepson. During her reign, Egypt was atpeace and Hatshepsut set up trade deals with foreigncountries making Egypt a rich nation.Remembered because: Hatshepsut was the longest reigning female pharaoh inEgypt, and is considered one of Egypt's most successful pharaohs.Photo courtesy of Lunasalbum (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Ancient PharaohsName: Cleopatra VII PhilopatorGender: FemaleDate of Birth: 69 BCDate of Death: 30 BCDate of Reign:Married to: Ptolemy XIIILocation of Burial:Did you know? Although Cleopatra VII and her family ruled Egypt for 300years, they were actually from Greek origin and Cleopatra could speak, readand write Greek as well as Egyptian and Latin.Photo courtesy of monster2002 (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Cleopatra VII PhilopatorSummary of reign:Cleopatra VII was the daughter of Pharaoh PtolemyXII and thought of as his favourite child. She learnt alot about how the country was run from him. Whenshe was 18, her Father died meaning power overEgypt was passed down to Cleopatra and her 10 yearold brother Ptolemy XIII. However, when PtolemyXIII became older, he wanted more power and forcedCleopatra out.In 48 BC Cleopatra met Julius Caesar and asked himto help her win back power. Julius Caesar foughtagainst Ptolemy’s army and won meaning Cleopatracould rule over Egypt again.Remembered because: Cleopatra VII was the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.Photo courtesy of monster2002 (@flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

YEAR 4 PHARAOHS!

Think aboutgeometric shapessuch as pyramidsand triangles.What other patternsare found intextiles?

1. To create your own Egyptian Pharaoh, get a photographof yourself, preferably from a side view – you can alwaysdraw yourself if you don’t have access to a photograph orprinter.2. Cut and stick your picture onto brown paper. If you don’thave brown paper perhaps you could stain a piece of whitepaper using a teabag or use bright coloured paper. Whitepaper will also work just fine as you can use bright colouredpens to make your Pharaoh stand out!3. Use your pencil to draw clothing and colour with felt tippens or pencils. Think about the different shapes andpatterns you could use to decorate.

The first pharaoh of Egypt was Narmer, who united Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. Egypt was once divided into two kingdoms. The kingdom in Lower Egypt was called the red crown and the one in Upper Egypt was known as the white crown. Around 3100 B.C. Narmer, the pharaoh of the north, conquered the south a