Cisco Visual Networking Index

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Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperCisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020This forecast is part of the Cisco Visual Networking Index (Cisco VNI ), an ongoing initiative to track and forecast theimpact of visual networking applications. This documentpresents the details of the Cisco VNI global IP traffic forecastand the methodology behind it. For a more analytical lookat the implications of the data presented in this paper, referto the companion document The Zettabyte Era—Trends andAnalysis or the VNI Forecast Highlights tool. 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.1

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperExecutive SummaryAnnual global IP traffic will surpass the zettabyte (ZB; 1000 exabytes[EB]) threshold in 2016, and will reach 2.3 ZB by 2020. Global IP trafficwill reach 1.1 ZB per year or 88.7 EB (one billion gigabytes [GB]) permonth in 2016. By 2020, global IP traffic will reach 2.3 ZB per year, or194 EB per month.Global IP traffic will increase nearly threefold over the next 5 years,and will have increased nearly a hundredfold from 2005 to 2020.Overall, IP traffic will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of22 percent from 2015 to 2020.The number of devices connected to IP networks will be three timesas high as the global population in 2020. There will be 3.4 networkeddevices per capita by 2020, up from 2.2 networked devices per capita in2015. Accelerated in part by the increase in devices and the capabilitiesof those devices, IP traffic per capita will reach 25 GB per capita by2020, up from 10 GB per capita in 2015.Broadband speeds will nearly double by 2020. By 2020, global fixedbroadband speeds will reach 47.7 Mbps, up from 24.7 Mbps in 2015.Busy-hour Internet traffic is growing more rapidly than average Internettraffic. Busy-hour (or the busiest 60–minute period in a day) Internettraffic increased 51 percent in 2015, compared with 29–percent growthin average traffic. Busy-hour Internet traffic will increase by a factor of4.6 between 2015 and 2020, while average Internet traffic willincrease twofold.Smartphone traffic will exceed PC traffic by 2020. In 2015, PCsaccounted for 53 percent of total IP traffic, but by 2020 PCs will accountfor only 29 percent of traffic. Smartphones will account for 30 percent oftotal IP traffic in 2020, up from 8 percent in 2015. PC-originated trafficwill grow at a CAGR of 8 percent, while TVs, tablets, smartphones, andmachine-to-machine (M2M) modules will have traffic growth rates of 17percent, 39 percent, 58 percent, and 44 percent, respectively.Traffic from wireless and mobile devices will account for two-thirdsof total IP traffic by 2020. By 2020, wired devices will account for 34percent of IP traffic, while Wi-Fi and mobile devices will account for 66percent of IP traffic. In 2015, wired devices accounted for the majority ofIP traffic at 52 percent.Global Internet traffic in 2020 will be equivalent to 95 times the volumeof the entire global Internet in 2005. Globally, Internet traffic will reach21 GB per capita by 2020, up from 7 GB per capita in 2015. 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.The number of devices connectedto IP networks will be3Xas high as the global population in 2020.2

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperIt would take an individual more than5,000,000 YEARSto watch the amount of video that will cross global IPnetworks each month in 2020.Video HighlightsIt would take an individual more than 5 million years to watch theamount of video that will cross global IP networks each month in2020. Every second, nearly a million minutes of video content will crossthe network by 2020.Globally, IP video traffic will be 82 percent of all consumer Internettraffic by 2020, up from 70 percent in 2015. Global IP video trafficwill grow threefold from 2015 to 2020, a CAGR of 26 percent.Internet video traffic will grow fourfold from 2015 to 2020,a CAGR of 31 percent.Internet video surveillance traffic nearly doubled in 2015, from 272petabytes (PB) per month at the end of 2014 to 516 PB per month in2015. Internet video surveillance traffic will increase tenfold between2015 and 2020. Globally, 3.9 percent of all Internet video traffic will bedue to video surveillance in 2020, up from 1.5 percent in 2015. 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Virtual–reality traffic quadrupled in 2015, from 4.2 PB per month in2014 to 17.9 PB per month in 2015. Globally, virtual–reality traffic willincrease 61-fold between 2015 and 2020, a CAGR of 127 percent.Internet video to TV grew 50 percent in 2015. Internet video to TVwill continue to grow at a rapid pace, increasing 3.6-fold by 2020.Internet video-to-TV traffic will be 26 percent of consumer Internetvideo traffic by 2020, up from 24 percent in 2015.Consumer VoD traffic will nearly double by 2020. Ultra-high definition(UHD) will be 20.7 percent of IP video-on-demand (VoD) traffic in2020, up from 1.6 percent in 2015.Content–delivery network (CDN) traffic will carry nearly three-fourthsof all Internet video traffic by 2020. By 2020, 73 percent of all Internetvideo traffic will cross CDNs, up from 61 percent in 2015.3

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperMobile HighlightsGlobally, mobile data traffic will increaseEIGHTFOLDGlobal mobile data traffic will grow3Xbetween 2015 and 2020.as fast as fixed IP traffic from 2015 to 2020.Mobile data traffic will grow at a CAGR of 53 percentbetween 2015 and 2020, reaching 30.6 EB permonth by 2020. 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Global mobile data traffic was 5 percent of totalIP traffic in 2015, and will be 16 percent oftotal IP traffic by 2020.4

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperIP Traffic in 2020Western Europe28.0EB/MOCentral and Eastern EuropeNorth America59.1EB/MO17.0EB/MOAsia Pacific67.8Latin America11.6EB/MOEB/MOMiddle East and Africa10.9EB/MORegional HighlightsIP traffic is growing fastest in the Middle East and Africa, followed byAsia Pacific. Traffic in the Middle East and Africa will grow at a CAGR of41 percent between 2015 and 2020.IP traffic in Latin America will reach 11.6 EB per month by 2020, ata CAGR of 21 percent. Monthly Internet traffic in Latin America willgenerate 2 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 9.9 EB per month.IP traffic in North America will reach 59.1 EB per month by 2020, ata CAGR of 19 percent. Monthly Internet traffic in North America willgenerate 11 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 44.7 EB per month.IP traffic in Central and Eastern Europe will reach 17.0 EB per monthby 2020, at a CAGR of 27 percent. Monthly Internet traffic in Centraland Eastern Europe will generate 4 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 15.9EB per month.IP traffic in Western Europe will reach 28.0 EB per month by 2020, ata CAGR of 20 percent. Monthly Internet traffic in Western Europe willgenerate 6 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 24.1 EB per month.IP traffic in Asia Pacific will reach 67.8 EB per month by 2020, at aCAGR of 22 percent. Monthly Internet traffic in Asia Pacific will generate14 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 56.4 EB per month. 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.IP traffic in the Middle East and Africa will reach 10.9 EB per monthby 2020, at a CAGR of 27 percent. Monthly Internet traffic in the MiddleEast and Africa will generate 3 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 10.3 EBper month.5

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal Business HighlightsBusiness Internet traffic will growat a faster pace than IP WAN.Business IP trafficwill grow at a CAGR of18%from 2015 to 2020.CAGR by 20206%21%47%IP eased adoption of advanced videocommunications in the enterprise segmentwill cause business IP traffic to grow by afactor of 2 between 2015 and 2020.Business IP traffic will grow fastest in the Middle East and Africa.Business IP traffic in the Middle East and Africa will grow at a CAGRof 21 percent, a faster pace than the global average of 18 percent. Involume, Asia Pacific will have the largest amount of business IP trafficin 2020, at 11.4 EB per month. North America will be the second at9.1 EB per month. 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.6

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperOverview of VNI MethodologyThe Cisco VNI methodology has been developed based on a combinationof analyst projections, in-house estimates and forecasts, and direct datacollection. The analyst projections for broadband connections, videosubscribers, mobile connections, and Internet application adoptioncome from SNL Kagan, Ovum, Informa Telecoms & Media, Infonetics,IDC, Gartner, AMI, Verto Analytics, Ookla Speedtest.net, StrategyAnalytics, Screen Digest, Dell’Oro Group, Synergy, comScore, Nielsen,Maravedis, Machina Research, ACG Research, ABI Research, MediaPartners Asia, IHS, International Telecommunications Union (ITU), CTIA,UN, telecommunications regulators, and others. Upon this foundationare layered Cisco’s own estimates for application adoption, minutesof use, and kilobytes per minute. The adoption, usage, and bit-rateassumptions are tied to fundamental enablers such as broadband speedand computing speed. All usage and traffic results are then validatedusing data shared with Cisco from service providers. Figure 1 shows theforecast methodology.Figure 1 Cisco VNI Methodology Incorporates Fundamental Enablers of Adoption and UsageConnectionsAdoptionTrafficUsageBit rates and speeds 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.7

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperFollowing is the methodology through each step for asingle application category (in this case, Internet video)where the estimation process is illustrated.Step 1: Number of UsersStep 2: Application AdoptionStep 3. Minutes of UseThe forecast for Internet video begins withestimations of the number of consumer fixedInternet users. Even such a basic measureas consumer fixed Internet users can bedifficult to assess, because few analystfirms segment the number of users by bothsegment (consumer versus business) andnetwork (mobile versus fixed). The numberof consumer fixed Internet users was nottaken directly from an analyst source but wasestimated from analyst forecasts for consumerbroadband connections, data on hotspot usersfrom a variety of government sources, andpopulation forecasts by age segment. Thenumber of Internet video users was collectedand estimated from a variety of sources, andthe numbers were then reconciled with theestimate of overall Internet users.After the number of Internet video users hasbeen established, the number of users foreach video subsegment must be estimated. Itwas assumed that all Internet video users viewshort-form video in addition to other forms ofvideo they may watch. The number of Internetvideo users who watch long-form video(based partially on comScore Video Metrixfigures for video sites whose average viewingtime is longer than 5 minutes), live video,ambient video, and Internet personal videorecorder (PVR) is estimated.For each application subsegment, minutes ofuse (MOU) are estimated. Multiple sourcesare used to determine MOU: The Cisco DataMeter data collection program provides aminute-per-subscriber baseline for manyapplications, the Cisco Connected Life MarketWatch survey provides MOU for markets thatare not covered by the usage program, andcomScore Video Metrix provides PC- andmobile-based MOU for online video. Specialcare is taken to help ensure that the totalnumber of Internet video minutes is well withinthe total number of video minutes (includingtelevision broadcast) for each user. Forexample, if the average individual watches atotal of 4 hours of video content per day, thesum of Internet, managed IP, and mobile videohours should be a relatively small portion ofthe total 4 hours. 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.8

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperStep 4. Bit RatesStep 5: RollupStep 6: Traffic Migration AssessmentAfter MOU have been estimated for eachsubsegment of video, the next step is toapply kilobytes (KB) per minute. To calculateKB per minute, first the regional and countryaverage broadband speeds are estimatedfor the years 2015 through 2020. For eachapplication category, a representative bit rateis established, and this representative bit rategrows at approximately the same pace as thebroadband speed. For video categories, a7–percent annual compression gain is appliedto the bit rate. Local bit rates are thencalculated based on how much the averagebroadband speed in the country differs fromthe global average, digital screen size in thecountry, and the computing power of theaverage device in the country. Combiningthese factors yields bit rates that are thenapplied to the MOU.The next step in the methodology is to multiplythe bit rates, MOU, and users together to getaverage PB per month.The next step is to reconcile the Internet,managed IP, and mobile segments of theforecast. The portion of mobile data trafficthat has migrated from the fixed network issubtracted from the fixed forecast, and theamount of mobile data traffic offloadedonto the fixed network through dual-modedevices and femtocells is added backto the fixed forecast. 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.The sections that follow present quantitativeresults of the forecast and details of themethodology for each segment and type.9

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal IP Traffic, 2015–2020Table 1 shows the top-line forecast. According to this forecast, global IP traffic in 2015 stands at72.5 EB per month and will nearly triple by 2020 to reach 194.4 EB per month. Consumer IP trafficwill reach 162.2 EB per month and business IP traffic will surpass 32.2 EB per month by 2020.DefinitionsIP Traffic, Fixed anaged IP19,34222,37825,30328,15530,75033,05211%Mobile 216,39919,22722,72927,04032,16518%By Type (PB per Month)By Segment (PB per Month)By Geography (PB per Month)Asia h ern al and Eastern Europe52056434811610,29813,37517,02027%Latin America4500549167058050962511,59121%Middle East and ,533132,101160,561194,37422%Consumer – Includes fixed IP trafficgenerated by households, universitypopulations, and Internet cafésBusiness – Includes fixed IP WANor Internet traffic generated bybusinesses and governmentsMobile – Includes mobile dataand Internet traffic generated byhandsets, notebook cards, andmobile broadband gatewaysInternet – Denotes all IP traffic thatcrosses an Internet backboneManaged IP – Includes corporate IPWAN traffic and IP transport of TVand VoDTotal (PB per Month)Total IP trafficTable 1 Global IP Traffic 2015–2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.10

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal IP Traffic, 2015–2020 (Cont.)Table 2 shows cross-tabulations of end-user segment and network type for the final year of theforecast period (2020). Consumer Internet remains the primary generator of IP traffic, but mobiledata has the highest growth rate and begins to generate significant traffic by 2020 (Table 2).ConsumerBusinessTotalInternet10723131Managed IP29433Mobile data26431Total16232194Table 2 Exabytes per Month as of Year End 2020Table 3 shows the same data as Table 2, but in terms of annual traffic run rates.These run rates are based on the monthly traffic at the end of ed IP34552397Mobile data31354367Total19473862332Table 3 Exabytes per Year as of Year End 2020Consumer and business traffic are both dominated by Internet traffic, although businesstraffic is more evenly distributed across public Internet and managed IP (Table 4).ConsumerBusinessInternet66%73%Managed IP18%13%Mobile data16%14%Total100%100%Table 4 Traffic Share by End-User Segment as of Year End 2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.11

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal IP Traffic, 2015–2020 (Cont.)Consumer traffic accounts for the majority of IP traffic in every network type segment.Consumer traffic will be 82 percent of all fixed Internet traffic, 87 percent of all ofmanaged IP traffic, and 85 percent of all mobile data traffic (Table 5).ConsumerBusinessTotalInternet82%18%100%Managed IP87%13%100%Mobile data85%15%100%Total83%17%100%Table 5 Traffic Share by Network Type as of Year End 2020Consumer Internet traffic will represent more than half of all IP traffic, followed byconsumer-managed IP (VoD), which represents 15 percent of traffic (Table 6).ConsumerBusinessTotalInternet55%12%67%Managed IP15%2%17%Mobile data13%2%16%Total83%17%100%Table 6 Overall Traffic Share as of Year End 2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.12

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal Consumer IP Traffic, 2015–2020As shown in Table 7, global consumer IP traffic is expected to reach 162 EB permonth in 2020. Most of today’s consumer IP traffic is Internet traffic.Consumer IP Traffic, Fixed naged IP16,16618,96921,68624,32026,68728,75412%Mobile data30275127832612,60918,43626,08054%Asia h ern Europe892210,89613,27715,89919,22222,87621%Central and Eastern Europe375347696229814310,78713,88530%Latin America35024365545066498069983823%Middle East and 6109,371133,521162,20923%By Type (PB per Month)By Geography (PB per Month)Total (PB per Month)Consumer IP trafficTable 7 Global Consumer IP Traffic, 2015–2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.13

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal Consumer Internet Traffic, 2015–2020This category encompasses any IP traffic that crosses the Internet and is not confined to a single serviceprovider’s network. Internet video streaming and downloads are beginning to take a larger share ofbandwidth and will grow to more than 80 percent of all consumer Internet traffic by 2020 (Table 8).DefinitionsConsumer Internet Traffic, e30275127832612,60918,43626,08054%Internet video28,76838,11650,51266,26386,708109,90731%Web, email, and data7558917011,06112,75214,06017,00618%File sharing5965593858585742564559740%Online gaming8212618929442156847%Asia h ern Europe6957861810,71213,08816,18019,72323%Central and Eastern Europe348144245764756110,07913,05630%Middle East and Africa11921770269240136013887449%Latin America31113828470456756831831222%Consumer Internet tal IP By Network (PB per Month)By Subsegment (PB per Month)By Geography (PB per Month)Total (PB per Month)Web, email, and data – Includesweb, email, instant messaging,and other data traffic(excludes file sharing)File sharing – Includes peer-to-peer(P2P) traffic from all recognizedP2P systems such as BitTorrent andeDonkey, as well as traffic from webbased file-sharing systemsOnline gaming – Includes casualonline gaming, networked consolegaming, and multiplayer virtualworld gamingInternet video – Includes shortform Internet video (for example,YouTube), long-form Internet video(for example, Hulu), live Internetvideo, Internet video to TV (forexample, Netflix through Roku),online video purchases and rentals,webcam viewing, and web-basedvideo monitoring (excludes P2Pvideo file downloads)Table 8 Global Consumer Internet Traffic, 2015–2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.14

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal Consumer Internet Traffic, 2015–2020: Web, Email, and DataThis general category encompasses web browsing, email, instant messaging, data (whichincludes file transfer using HTTP and FTP), and other Internet applications (Table 9). Note thatdata may include the download of video files that are not captured by the Internet video-to-PCforecast. This category includes traffic generated by all individual Internet users. An Internet useris here defined as someone who accesses the Internet through a desktop or laptop computerat home, school, Internet café, or other location outside the context of a business.Consumer Web, Email, and Data Traffic, Fixed web and data6310721081428779894810,62911%Mobile web and data12481961291939735112637739%Asia Pacific26703245399147665407647519%North America21422512285429953032363311%Central and Eastern Europe682959130016441987240129%Western Europe12691435159316951692202110%Middle East and Africa3004596779351191158640%Latin ,06017,00618%By Network (PB per Month)By Geography (PB per Month)Total (PB per Month)Consumer web, email,and dataTable 9 Global Consumer Web, Email, and Data Traffic, 2015–2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.15

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal Consumer Internet Traffic, 2015–2020: File SharingThis category includes traffic from P2P applications such as BitTorrent and eDonkey, as wellas web-based file sharing. Note that a large portion of P2P traffic is due to the exchangeof video files, so a total view of the impact of video on the network should count P2P videotraffic in addition to the traffic counted in the Internet video-to-PC and Internet video-to-TVcategories. Table 10 shows the forecast for consumer P2P traffic from 2015 to 2020. Notethat the P2P category is limited to traditional file exchange and does not include commercialvideo-streaming applications that are delivered through P2P, such as PPStream or PPLive.Consumer File Sharing, %P2P file transfer479845504224384034383633-5%Other file transfer11661388163419022207234015%Asia Pacific233522692186209820042098-2%North America1015113712601371147815769%Western Europe1124110510961075105311310%Central and Eastern Europe829763691646621666-4%Latin America554573558514454463-4%Middle East and y Network (PB per Month)By Segment (PB per Month)By Geography (PB per Month)Total (PB per Month)Consumer file sharingTable 10 Global Consumer File-Sharing Traffic, 2015–2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.16

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal Consumer Internet Traffic, 2015–2020: Internet VideoWith the exception of the Internet video-to-TV subcategory, all of the Internet video subcategoriesconsist of online video that is downloaded or streamed for viewing on a PC screen (Table 11). Internetvideo to TV is Internet delivery of video to a TV screen through a set-top box (STB) or equivalent device.Much of the video streamed or downloaded through the Internet consists of free clips, episodes, andother content offered by traditional content producers such as movie studios and television networks.DefinitionsConsumer Internet Video 2015–2020Internet video to TV – Videodelivered through the Internet toa TV screen by way of an Internetenabled STB (for example, Roku)or equivalent device (for example,Microsoft Xbox 360), Internetenabled TV, or PC-to-TV 29750,59667,42386,70431%Internet video to TV6424907012,21515,66719,28423,20329%Asia Pacific951612,51916,74922,28529,53738,05232%North n Europe45456047797810,24713,33416,43329%Central and Eastern Europe19692701377152677464998038%Middle East and Africa7851219194530364783724356%Latin America20592691349644385617694728% Live Internet TV – P2P TV (excludingP2P video downloads) and livetelevision streaming over the Internet28,76838,11650,51266,26386,708109,90731% Internet PVR – Recording of live TVcontent for later viewingBy Type (PB per Month)By Segment (PB per Month)By Geography (PB per Month)Total (PB per Month)Consumer Internet videoTable 11 Global Consumer File-Sharing Traffic, 2015–2020Video – Video includes the followingunderlying categories: Short form – User-generated video andother video clips generally less than 7minutes in length Video calling – Video messagesor calling delivered on fixedInternet initiated by smartphones,nonsmartphones, and tablets Long form – Video content generallygreater than 7 minutes in length Ambient video – Nanny cams, petcams, home security cams, and otherpersistent video streams Mobile video – All video that travels overa second-, third-, or fourth-generation(2G, 3G, or 4G, respectively) network 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.17

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal Content–Delivery Network Traffic, 2015–2020With the emergence of popular video-streaming services that deliver Internet video to the TV andother device endpoints, CDNs have prevailed as a dominant method to deliver such content. Globally,64 percent of all Internet traffic will cross CDNs by 2020, up from 45 percent in 2015. Globally, 73percent of all Internet video traffic will cross CDNs by 2020, up from 61 percent in 2015 (Table 12).CDN Traffic, North America11,08015,09420,11326,38233,82941,29230%Asia Pacific5590780710,92415,11520,71127,62838%Western Europe50256798909611,90315,74419,81732%Central and Eastern Europe10861649247336565429764848%Latin America8531207166222102890387735%Middle East and ,55380,670103,99634%By Geography (PB per Month)Total (PB per Month)CDN Internet trafficTable 12 Global Content–Delivery Network Internet Traffic, 2015–2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.18

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperGlobal Consumer-Managed IP Traffic, 2015–2020Managed IP video is IP traffic generated by traditional commercial TV services (Table13). This traffic remains within the footprint of a single service provider, so it is notconsidered Internet traffic. (For Internet video delivered to the STB, refer to Internetvideo to TV in the section “Global Consumer Internet Traffic, 2015-2020.”)Consumer-Managed IP Traffic, 16,16618,96921,68624,32026,68728,75412%North America8143941210,60411,72412,57213,22710%Asia Pacific53356308718380728930978513%Western Europe19652278256528113042315310%Latin America3925377469741238152631%Central and Eastern Europe27234446558170982925%Middle East and 6,68728,75412%By Network (PB per Month)FixedBy Geography (PB per Month)Total (PB per Month)Managed IP video trafficTable 13 Global Consumer-Managed IP Traffic, 2015–2020 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.19

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperBusiness IP Traffic, 2015–2020The enterprise forecast is based on the number of network-connected computers worldwide.In our experience, this basis provides the most accurate measure of enterprise data usage. Anaverage business user might generate 4 GB per month of Internet and WAN traffic. A largeenterprise user would generate significantly more traffic, 8–10 GB per month (Table 14).DefinitionsBusiness IP Traffic, Business Internet ness managed IP traffic3176340936173834406342986%Business mobile data traffic6581053160523253273448447%Asia Pacific4958578868208092958111,35618%North America35184246512962387547908021%Western Europe23772735313136364313508416%Central and Eastern Europe14531665188721552588313517%Middle East and Africa678838100712091454175821%Latin 722,72927,04032,16518%By Network (PB per Month)By Geography (PB per Month)Business Internet traffic – Allbusiness traffic that crosses thepublic InternetBusiness IP traffic – All businesstraffic that is transported over IP butremains within the corporate WANBusiness mobile data traffic – Allbusiness traffic that crosses a mobileaccess pointTotal (PB per Month)Business IP trafficTable 14 Business IP Traffic, 2015–2020 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.20

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020White PaperMobile Data Traffic, 2015–2020Mobile data traffic includes handset-based data traffic, such as text messaging, multimediamessaging, and handset video services (Table 15). Mobile Internet traffic is generated bywireless cards for portable computers and handset-based mobile Internet usage. The term“mobile data” includes both

Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020 White Paper 1 This forecast is part of the Cisco Visual Networking Index (Cisco VNI ), an ongoing initiative to track and forecast the impact of visual networking applications. This document present

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