The Royal Danish Academy Of Fine Arts Schools Of Architecture, Design .
The Royal Danish Academy of Fine ArtsSchools of Architecture, Design &Conservationa case study by:Pedro Quintanerio dos Santos &Olav Fåsetbru KildalSeptember 20111
table of contentsLocalization- Copenhagen p 3- Campus Holmenp4The School of Architecturep- Overview p- Volumes, circulation, expansionp- School of Architecture in 1999p67811Building by building- Student studiosp- Exhibition & auditoriumsp- Canteen p- Library p- Workshops p- Outdoor spacep131821242627Summary- What should we consider to bringinto our projects?p 28Foto: Susan Gregers Jensen2
ØsterbroNørrebro35 % of Denmarks population lives in Copenhagen.In comparison 3,5 % of Norways population lives inTrondheim.yrfoationtificoldCopenhagen is the capital and the largest city ofDenmark with an urban population of about 1,2 millionand a metropolitan population of about 1,9 millioninhabitans (wikipedia). This is 10,8 times more thanTrondheim s 173 500 inhabitants.citCopenhagenCity centerAfter the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridgein 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of theincreasingly integrating Øresund Region. Within thisregion, Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö aregrowing into the most important metropolitan area inScandinavia (wikipedia).IndustrialareaVesterbroAmagerbro1 kmLocalization of CampusFrom 1993-1997 the area of Holmen was developed asa university campus area for architecture, film, musicand theatre education. Before this Holmen was theheadquarter for the Danish marine form 1690-1993 andin all this years Denmarks biggest workplace.AmalienborgpalaceSituated as a cul-de-sac district the area has a quietand “remote” reputation and feeling. At the same timeHolmen is centrally located within the old city fortificationwalls, put the canal separates it from having directcontact. Holmen is also in close relation to two of thestages of The Royal Danish Theatre: the Royal DanishPlayhouse and the Opera.the operaKongensnytorvHolmenthe royal danishplayhouseBefore moving in at their current location at Holmen, theSchool of Architecture were located at Kongens Nytorv.car / bicycleroute from citycenterpassengerferry boat200 m3
ificationcity fortthe oldCampus HolmenhousingCampus Holmen consists of four different schools that allmoved in in the period from 1995-1998. All the schoolswere based on reuse and transformation of the existingstructures from the Danish Navy. As all the buildings inthe area had one owner they were good taken care ofand possible to reuse in a very straight forward way.The School of Architecture were drawn by VilhelmLauritzen Architects while the three others were drawnby CUBO architects, all in the span from 1994-1997.Since then the schools have expanded into otherneighbour buildings as they have grown the last 15years. The Opera house were opened in january 2005and drawn by architect Henning Larsen.the OperaThe Royal Danish Academy of FineArts, Schools of Architecture, Design& ConservationThe Rhythmic Music ConservatoryThe Danish National School of Theatreand Contemporary DanceThe National Film School of Denmark4100 m
THE four schools1. The National Danish Film School100 students2. The Danish National School of Theaterand Contemporary Dance140 students3. The Royal Danish Academy of FineArts, Schools of Architecture, Design &Conservation980 architecture students 650 designstudents4. The Rythmic Music Conservatory200 students1324With 79% of the students on Holmen,The School of Architecture, Design andConservation is by far the largest schoolwith respect to the amount of students.5
THE School of architectureOn 2 June 2011, the Royal DanishAcademy of Fine Arts, School ofArchitecture merged with the DanishDesign School and The Royal DanishAcademy of Fine Arts, School ofConservation to become the RoyalDanish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools ofArchitecture, Design and Conservation.The School of Architecture had in 2010about 936 students 44 Phd students.While the School of Design had about 650students in 2011.The School of Architecture is one ofthe two Danish Schools of Architectureand one of the world’s oldest schools ofarchitecture as it was founded in 1754.755 stipulated future architecture studentsin Trondheim constitutes 0,015 % of thetotal population of Norway.The architect programme is a five-yearprogramme, comprising a three-yearBachelor programme followed by a twoyear Master’s programme.The teaching mainly takes place withinnine different study departments. Theprogramme is laid out in a way thatlets each of the nine Departments offerstudents a complete Bachelor programme.The 3rd study year though is characterisedby each Department’s individual approachand key areas.980 architecture students constitutes0,018 % of the total population ofDenmark.When the architecture and fine artsstudents are going to be collocated inTrondheim the stipulated amount ofstudents will be 780 students 50 Phdstudents. This means that the new NTNUArhcitecture and Fine arts school willhave about 51 % of the student mass ofCopenhagen School of Architecture andDesign (KARCH).Average study time for a master is 5,8years (2010).Foto: Susan Gregers Jensen6
THE School of architecture, Design & conservationStudy Department 11Games & Interaction DesignDaylight laboratoryIndustrial DesignWood, metal & fabric Pottery DesignArchitectural modelworkshopsFurniture DesignworkshopCenter for DesignResearchCenter for Theory &MethodProduction DesignTextile DesignClothing DesignPrint shopStudy Department 2Study Department 7IT department, Tecnicalstaff & maintainanceStudy Department 8Study Department 10AuditoriumsCanteenStudent councilCenter for appliedinnovationLibrary for Architecture,Design & Performing ArtsReceptionAdministrationRectors officeInstitute of Building CultureInstitute of TechnologyInstitute of PlanningInstitute of Design andCommunicationStudy Department 1Study Department 3Study Department 6Exhibition / Great hall7
Volumetric compositionWhen the School of Architecture movedto Holmen it various departments andfunctions was dependent on the characterand location of the individual buildings.The buildings are placed in a grid, formingoutdoor spaces and streets. As thecampus is based on reuse of old structuresthe volumes are closely related to theirearlier use and to the available buildingtechnology from the time it was built. Inthis case this means low buildings withloadbearing exterior walls in brick, wheresome of the volumes have only one floorand high ceilings.Northern warehouse: 3 floors atticAdministration building: 2 floors atticExhibition / Auditoriums: 1 floor withhigh ceilingsCanteen: 1 floor with high celingsWorkshops: 3 floorsLibrary: 1 floor with high celings8
circulationThe administration building and theexhibition/auditorium building are the firstyou meet when you arrive at the campusfrom the city center. The exhibition/auditorium building seeks to attract visitorsand people from outside in to the campusarea. The administration with the receptionis allso clearly visible, though it is notpossible to pass through and further in.The new library is also placed along themain road so that it is visible and easyavailable for the public as well as thestudents. Further inside the campus thecanteen serves as the central point closelyconected to outdoor spaces. Allmost all thecirculation between the buildings pass bythe canteen.All circulation between the buildings takesplace outdoors. We should mention thatin the neighbour schools, as the RytmicMusic Conservatory, there have been addedcoverd and partly inndoor pathways toconect the old buildings.9
expansion1996 - The Royal Danish Academy sSchool of Architecture moves in at itsnew location at Holmen. The school thenconsists of 7 buildings at a total 17 000m2.2011 - The Royal Danish Academy of FineArts, Schools of Architecture, Design andConservation now consists of 15 buildingson Holmen. 75 %A qualified guess shows that over the past15 years the school has expanded byaround 75 % if you count square metersof buildings.This has to be seen in the context ofthe merger between the Royal DanishAcademy of Fine Arts, School ofArchitecture and the Danish Design Schooland the Royal Danish Academy of FineArts, School of Conservation in 2011 whichnaturally required more space.1019962011
The School of architecture in 1996Northern warehouseNorthern warehouse:1. entrance2. drawing studios3. office4. teacher / researcherstudent studiosMeldahl s blacksmity:12. main entrance13. auditorium / great hall14. chair storage15. exhibition16. cafe17. auditorium18. foyerWorkshopsexhibition /great hallAdministration:5. entrance6. office7. meeting roomStudent advisory offices:8. entrance9. information10. office11. meetingcanteenAdministrationSpecial institutes19. canteen20. special institutes21. workshopsexhibitionMeldahl s blacksmityauditoriums1:100011
26B20A182207748182207918The 1996 Copenhagen schoolof architecture placed at oursite in 8582
Student studios ArchitectureThe student studios for architecture aretoday located in three different buildingsaccording to the study departmentstructure:1. The Northern warehouse, were allthe study departments originally weresituated.The northern warehouse is in total 150meters long and consists of 4 verticallyseparated units with one main entranceeach. The to plans shows first an overviewof the whole building and after a morezoomed in plan of the student studios.2. A renoveted building in the south-westcorner of the campus.2B2C210320691822085903. A newly transformed aircraft hangarwhich were inaugurated in 2011 about 10minutes walk north-east of the 68271822434931822434263018224341818224347713
Student studios Architecturenorthern warehouse- Overview ground floor13 m1:600150 m14
Student studios Architecturenorthern warehouse- Detail plan first floor (segment)dividing glasswallsused some placesexisting masonry wallsdividing masonry wallneighboursection withstudent studios13 mwood columns5,35 mstudent workspace37,5 m1:200KARCH:Student workspace 346 m2Brutto / netto factor on this floor: 1,27Circulation space / stairs 96 m2Toilets / spary room / storage 38 m2NEW NTNU (ARCHITECTURE & ART):Total in one studio / at one floor 480 m2Total in building 7800 m215
Student studios Architecturenorthern warehouse- SectionStructureOriginally this building has been awarehouse and has a very rationalconstruction. Load bearing exterior brickwalls, with small openings. The floorconstruction is in wood or “bindingsverk”.The wood columns stands with about 5,35m c/c and the space between the columnsand the central core divides the space;circulation / studio space.Basically narrow spaces creates gooddaylight conditions. There have thoughbeen some complains about the windowsbeeing to small for satisfactory lighting.The ventilation is done through the useof the windows and this causes somedifficulties.1:200- The studio space looks a bit tight to workin bigger groups.- The orientation after coming up thestairs seems to narrow.- It could have been interesting to cutmore in the structure and create morevertical relations between the floors. Itcould also have been intresting to contrastthe facade with something new andshiney.16Student workspaceCirculation spaceToilets / storage / stairsDepartment offices / mini exhibition
Student studiosNorthern warehouse (1996)Student studiosTransformed aircraft hangar (2011)17
exhibition & auditoriumsMeldahls blacksmithyThis building was originally a blacksmithwith high ceilings.Being located along the main road, facingthe public area, Ferdinand Meldahl sblacksmithy, were programmed withmultipurpose spaces, as generallexhibition space and auditoriums. Theintention was that the building couldbecome a center for cultural activities andconferences.The exhibition / great hall (nr 13 inthe plan, picture to the left) can bean auditorium or an exhibition spacedepending on the needs. The chairs canbe removed and stored.18The flexibility of the space and the gooddaylight conditions gives posibilities ofexhibitions with a great variation andflexibility.
storage for chairssmall cafe1:600Exhibition / Great Hall 690 m2 (netto)KARCH:Chair storage / wardrobe 182 m2830 m2 / (980 650) students 0,51 m2 300 m2 / 830 students 0,36 m2exhibition space per studentexhibition space per studentExhibition / small bar 830 m2 (netto)Auditoriums 600 m2 (netto)Total in building 4000 m21430 m2 / (980 650) students 0,88m2 auditorium space per studentNEW NTNU (ARCHITECTURE & ART):410 m2 / 830 students 0,49 m2auditorium space per student (doesnot include “project & seminar rooms”)* For this excersise we count theExhibition / Great Hall (nr 13) as anauditorium.19
20ExhibitionMeldahl s blacksmithy (1996)
canteenThe canteen is the natural gathering pointsituated in the middle of the school.The placement of the kitchen makes itpossible to keep the building open forother activities outside opening hours.The building is closely related to theprotected outdoor spaces to the south.The roof construction were renewed withlight from above and solar panels on theoutside.21
KARCH:590 m2 / (980 650) students 0,36 m2eating space per student280 m2 / (980 650) students 0,17 m2kitchen per studentNEW NTNU (ARCHITECTURE & ART):Economy420 m2 / 830 students 0,51 m2 eatingspace per student115 m2 / 830 students 0,14 m2 kitchenper studentEating space 590 m2Kitchen / storage / staff 280 m2Entrance / toilets 85 m2Total 955 m2Outdoor space 1000 m21:60022
Outdoor space outside the canteenFoto: Susan Gregers Jensen23
Library - KasbThe library, as it is today, was formed bythe merging of the School of ArchitectureLibrary with the Danish Design SchoolLibrary and the Library of the NationalSchool of Theatre and ContemporaryDance in spring 2011.KARCH:The joint institution is a public researchlibrary as well as a documentation andknowledge centre, covering the fieldsof architecture, design, theatre andcontemporary dance. The library is openand also used by practising architects.It is situated along the main road andtherefore easy to spot.575 m2 / 830 students 0,59 m2library space per studentThe building is somewhere around 1500m2.241500 m2 / (980 650 200) students 0,81 m2 library space per studentNEW NTNU (ARCHITECTURE & ART):
Interior photos library25
Architecturalmodel workshopArchitectural model workshopGround floor: A wood workshop, whichis open 24 hours a day. The workshopis equipped with a limited selection ofmachines that are easy to use and moresafe.KARCH:First floor: A metal workshop, weldingroom, plastic workshop, painting room anda digital workshop.NEW NTNU (architecture & arts):Second floor: A wood workshop, aconference room and an office.The Architectural model workshop buildingis about 1600 m2.261600 m2 / 980 students 1,63 m2workshop (wood, metal, plastic,paint) space per student1225 m2 / 830 students 1,47 m2workshop (wood, metal, plastic,paint) space per studentThis calculation does not inculdelaboratories as the Space lab, Light lab,Intermedia lab, Photo lab & Graphics labat new NTNU.Workshops for designstudents
outdoor spaceBefore the School of Architecture movedin in 1996, the asphalt areas betweenthe buildings was replaced with raisedgrass areas, and squares and paths pavedwith cobblestone or coarse sand. Rows ofLinden trees were planted to emphasizethe campus atmosphere.27
What should we consider tobring into our projects?What questions does it raise?The school appeares inviting and excitingfor pedestrians and cyclists because almostall the buildings have their most public partat the ground floor. The placement of thelibrary and exhibition space close to themain street seems to communicate with thecity outside.Situated in a large campus situation withother creative schools the Holmen Campusraises the question if it is real advantegesof moving different schools together?The processing of the many and goodoutdoor spaces are also something thatcharacterizes Copenhagen in a positive way.As we experience it, there are little or nonsharing of functions between the architectschool and the three other schools today.Is there possibilities of sharing functions forus? And what does it take to succeed withthis?The placement of teacher / professors andstudents close to each other in each studydepartment has a reputation of creating agood learning environment.As we read the buildings today, both fromthe outside and the inside, we feel that thetransformation project of the school in 1996maybe were a bit to respectful.The old buildings are most interesting, aswe see it, were there have been installednew contrasting elements.Some of the buildings, as the studio spacesin the northern warehouse looks a bit totight and rigid.The reuse of spaces with high celings hasgiven a lot of good rooms.We feel that it would have been moreinteresting to cut and open the old buildingsa bit more for circulation, air and light.And to introduce more moderne elementsup against the old brick buildings. At thesame time the old buildings possess a lot ofspatial qualities.Old, tactile materials as brick, mortarand old wood constructions has obviousqualities that are well taken care of.28
Student studios29Transformed aircraft hangar (2011)
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